高中英语定语从句说课稿.docx

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高中英语定语从句说课稿.docx

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高中英语定语从句说课稿

高中英语定语从句说课稿

定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词。

它是高中英语的重要语法项目之一,也是历年高考的热点。

如下是给大家的高中英语定语从句说课稿,希望对大家有所作用。

(1)定语从句:

在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。

(2)先行词:

被定语从句修饰的成份。

先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。

(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词的作用:

1)引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;

2)必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)

常用的关系代词:

that、which、who、whom、as,在从句中作主语,宾语,whose在从句中作定语)

常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语):

when、why、where

ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.

Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.

Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.

I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.

定语从句三步:

第一找出先行词;

第二看先行词在定语从句中的语___能(做主语、宾语或状语);

第三选择合适的关系词。

●that:

可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。

(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如:

1.Doyouknowthegentle___nthat/whospokejustnow?

2.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.

3.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?

4.Hereisthe___n(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.

5.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.

●which:

指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。

如:

1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.

2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.

3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.

●who,whom,whose:

who:

主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人

whom:

宾格,在从句中作宾语;只可指人

whose:

属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。

1.Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.

2.Allwhoheardthestorywerea___zed.

(代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)

3.He'sa___nfromwhomweshouldlearn.

=He'sa___n(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.

4.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.

5.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfa___ssouth.

=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfa___ssouth.

=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfa___ssouth.

关系代词作介词宾语:

(介词+whom/which)

关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。

1.Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.

2.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands?

=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)Ishookhandswith?

3.Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?

4.Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?

5.Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.(介词after与look构成固定词组,不可前置。

lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等)

●as的用法:

(as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)

①如为限制性的,多用于thesame…as;thesameas;such…as…;as___ny/muchas;so…as等结构中。

1.Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一样的书。

2..---Whydidn'tyoumentionthatinfa___ofthepoli___justnow?

---Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.

3.Don'tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.

比较:

Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.

I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.

比较:

Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.(定语从句)

Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)

②如为非限制性的,多单独引导一个定语从句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为"正如,这一点"。

(动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.)

Asweallknow,___okingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作宾语)

=Asisknowntoall,___okingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作主语)

=It'sknowntoallthat___okingisharmfultoone'shealth.

=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.(as作宾语)

=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.

Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaent.(宾语,先行词是前面整个句子)

●When指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。

其先行词是表时间的名词(如:

time,day,week,tear,month,etc.)

HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.

Wewillputoffthepiicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.

注意:

先行词为"时间名词",可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语;还可以用which或that引导,which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较:

1.Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.(作状语)

2.Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.(作宾语)

3.IshallneverforgetthedaywhenShenZhouⅤwaslaunched,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.

●Where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。

其先行词是表示地点的名词,如:

pla___,school,factory,room,etc.

Thisisthepla___whereIwasborn.

Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.

注意:

先行词是"地点名词",定语从句可用where引导,还可用which或that引导,which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。

比较:

※1.Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.(作状语)

2.Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.

3.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.

4.Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.(作宾语)

●Why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。

先行词为reason时,可用forwhich指代;当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。

如:

1.Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that)hedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.

2.Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.(作宾语)

3.Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthat___yexplainhissuess?

(作主语)

当先行词为way时,theway在从句中作状语时,定语从句常用that,inwhich,或how引导,that常可以省略。

theway在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。

如:

Thisistheway(that)/inwhichIdosuchthings.

比较:

Pleasedotheexperimentintheway(that/which)Ihaveshownyou.

1.形式上,非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。

2.语法上,非限制性定语从句一般不用that.

3.语义上,限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密,起限定作用,如果去掉了这个定语从句,整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密,对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。

ThisisthebookIlikebest.这就是我最喜欢的那本书。

Bei___g,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.北京是中国八百年之久的古都,它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。

4.翻译时,限制性定语从句可译为一句(较短的一般译为"的"字结构);而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。

(见上句翻译)

比较:

Hehasasister,whoisamusician.

Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.

引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,指人时用who,whom,whose,指物时用which,whose;关系副词when,where,why,etc.

1.Hestu___dhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuessinhislaterlife.

2.Tom'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.

●that&which:

在定语从句中,which和that在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样,这里介绍宜用that,而不宜用which的情况.

①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,

1.Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.

2.There'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.

3.Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?

②先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。

1.Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.

2.That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.

3.Thelastpla___(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.

比较*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.

Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.

③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。

1.WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatesintomindisTaiLake.

2.Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.

④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。

1.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.

2.Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.

⑤先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that.

1.Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.

2.Theriderandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwo___nwereheldupbythepoli___.

⑥被修饰词为数词时.

1.YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.

⑦如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。

Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichprodu___dthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.

⑧疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复。

1.Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?

2.Whoisthe___nthatisstandingatthegate?

⑨主句是Therebe结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词.如:

1.Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.

⑩被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that.

1.That'sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.

2.Myhomevillageisnolongerthepla___(that)itusedtobe.

定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况:

①当关系代词的前面有介词时.

1.Azooisaparkinwhich___nykindsofani___lsarekeptforexhibition.

2.IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?

②在非限制性定语从句中.

1.Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameilland___d.

2.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbeingpopularinourcountry.(which指代主句)

③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which.

1.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.

④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.

1.Here'stheEnglishgram___rwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.

⑤先行词本身是that,宜用which.

What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?

⑥先行词是those+复数名词.

Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.

●who&that:

who和that指代人时,有些情况宜用who,而不宜用that

①先行词为anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people时.如:

1.ThepersonIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostu___shardandworkswell.

2.Anyonewho(=Whoever)failedtoetothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.

3.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveoffi___aton___.

②在Therebe结构中,修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人.如:

1.Thereisagentle___nwhowantstoseeyou.

2.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclauses.

③当先行词有较长的后置定语时.如:

1.ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.

●as&which:

as&which引导非限制性定语从句的区别:

①位置的不同:

which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as位置较灵活,也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面;插在句子中或放在句子后。

如:

1.Hewaslateagain,which___dehisteacherveryangry.

2.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonest___n.或Jackisanhonest___n,asyouknow.

或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonest___n.

②先行词的不同:

as引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词多为一个句子;

which引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子。

1.Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhu___andseldomwas.

2.Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.(先行词是一个句子)

3.Heisanhonest___n,asisknowntoall.

③as一般译为"正如""就像","这一点"

asweallknow;asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpecte

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