高中英语定语从句说课稿.docx
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高中英语定语从句说课稿
高中英语定语从句说课稿
定语从句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词。
它是高中英语的重要语法项目之一,也是历年高考的热点。
如下是给大家的高中英语定语从句说课稿,希望对大家有所作用。
(1)定语从句:
在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
(2)先行词:
被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:
1)引导定语从句,连接主句和从句,相当于一个连词;
2)必在从句中作某个句子成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语)
常用的关系代词:
that、which、who、whom、as,在从句中作主语,宾语,whose在从句中作定语)
常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语):
when、why、where
ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.
Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.
Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.
I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.
定语从句三步:
第一找出先行词;
第二看先行词在定语从句中的语___能(做主语、宾语或状语);
第三选择合适的关系词。
●that:
可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。
(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如:
1.Doyouknowthegentle___nthat/whospokejustnow?
2.Youcantakeanything(that)youlike.
3.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?
4.Hereisthe___n(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.
5.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.
●which:
指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,定语。
如:
1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.
2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.
3.Thefactoryinwhichhisfatherworksisfarfromhere.
●who,whom,whose:
who:
主格,在从句中作主语,在口语或非正式用法中作宾语;只可指人
whom:
宾格,在从句中作宾语;只可指人
whose:
属格,在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。
1.Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.
2.Allwhoheardthestorywerea___zed.
(代词如he,they,any,those,all,one等后多用who.)
3.He'sa___nfromwhomweshouldlearn.
=He'sa___n(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.
4.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.
5.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfa___ssouth.
=I'dlikearoomofwhichthewindowfa___ssouth.
=I'dlikearoomthewindowofwhichfa___ssouth.
关系代词作介词宾语:
(介词+whom/which)
关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。
)
1.Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.
2.DoyouknowthepersonwithwhomIshookhands?
=Doyouknowtheperson(whom/who/that)Ishookhandswith?
3.Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?
4.Isthisfactorytheonetowhichyoupaidavisitlastweek?
5.Thisisthegirlwhomtheyarelookingafter.(介词after与look构成固定词组,不可前置。
lookat,lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等)
●as的用法:
(as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语)
①如为限制性的,多用于thesame…as;thesameas;such…as…;as___ny/muchas;so…as等结构中。
1.Ihavethesamebookasyou(have).我有一本和你的一样的书。
2..---Whydidn'tyoumentionthatinfa___ofthepoli___justnow?
---Ithoughtitwassuchaminordetailaswashardlyworthmentioning.
3.Don'tdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout.
比较:
Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.
I'mwearingthesameshirtasyouworeyesterday.
比较:
Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.(定语从句)
Hereissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.(结果状语从句)
②如为非限制性的,多单独引导一个定语从句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句中或句尾,译为"正如,这一点"。
(动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.)
Asweallknow,___okingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作宾语)
=Asisknowntoall,___okingisharmfultoone'shealth.(as作主语)
=It'sknowntoallthat___okingisharmfultoone'shealth.
=Smokingisharmfultoone'shealth,asweallknow.(as作宾语)
=Smoking,asweallknow,isharmfultoone'health.
Hewasaforeigner,asIknewfromhisaent.(宾语,先行词是前面整个句子)
●When指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
其先行词是表时间的名词(如:
time,day,week,tear,month,etc.)
HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.
Wewillputoffthepiicuntilnextweek,whentheweatherwouldbebetter.
注意:
先行词为"时间名词",可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语;还可以用which或that引导,which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较:
1.Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichmybrotherjoinedthearmy.(作状语)
2.Istillrememberthedayswhich/thatwespenttogether.(作宾语)
3.IshallneverforgetthedaywhenShenZhouⅤwaslaunched,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.
●Where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
其先行词是表示地点的名词,如:
pla___,school,factory,room,etc.
Thisisthepla___whereIwasborn.
Iliveintheroomwhere/inwhichheusedtolive.
注意:
先行词是"地点名词",定语从句可用where引导,还可用which或that引导,which/that在从句中作主语或宾语。
比较:
※1.Thisisthefactorywhere/inwhichheworkedlastyear.(作状语)
2.Ithinkyouhavegottothepointwhereachangeisneeded,oryouwouldfail.
3.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwherehe'slikelytolosecontroloftheplane.
4.Thisistheparkwhich/thattheyvisitedlastyear.(作宾语)
●Why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
先行词为reason时,可用forwhich指代;当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。
如:
1.Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that)hedidn'tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.
2.Idon'tbelievethereason(that/which)hegaveme.(作宾语)
3.Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthat___yexplainhissuess?
(作主语)
当先行词为way时,theway在从句中作状语时,定语从句常用that,inwhich,或how引导,that常可以省略。
theway在从句中作主语或宾语时,则用which或that引导。
如:
Thisistheway(that)/inwhichIdosuchthings.
比较:
Pleasedotheexperimentintheway(that/which)Ihaveshownyou.
1.形式上,非限制性定语从句往往用逗号隔开。
2.语法上,非限制性定语从句一般不用that.
3.语义上,限制性定语从句与先行词关系紧密,起限定作用,如果去掉了这个定语从句,整个句子就不完整或者会改变意思;而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不是很紧密,对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用。
ThisisthebookIlikebest.这就是我最喜欢的那本书。
Bei___g,whichhasbeenChina'scapitalformorethan800years,isrichinculturalandhistoricrelics.北京是中国八百年之久的古都,它有着丰富的文化和历史遗产。
4.翻译时,限制性定语从句可译为一句(较短的一般译为"的"字结构);而非限制性定语从句可译为两句。
(见上句翻译)
比较:
Hehasasister,whoisamusician.
Hehasasisterwhoisamusician.
引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,指人时用who,whom,whose,指物时用which,whose;关系副词when,where,why,etc.
1.Hestu___dhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuessinhislaterlife.
2.Tom'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.
●that&which:
在定语从句中,which和that在指代事物时,一般可以互换使用,但并非在任何情况下都是这样,这里介绍宜用that,而不宜用which的情况.
①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,
1.Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.
2.There'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.
3.Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?
②先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。
1.Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.
2.That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.
3.Thelastpla___(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.
比较*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.
Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.
③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。
1.WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatesintomindisTaiLake.
2.Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.
④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
1.Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.
2.Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.
⑤先行词既有人又有物,用which和who都不适合,这时宜用that.
1.Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.
2.Theriderandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwo___nwereheldupbythepoli___.
⑥被修饰词为数词时.
1.YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputtheminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.
⑦如果有两个从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。
Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichprodu___dthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.
⑧疑问词是who或which,关系代词宜用that,以避免重复。
1.Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?
2.Whoisthe___nthatisstandingatthegate?
⑨主句是Therebe结构,修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词.如:
1.Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.
⑩被修饰成分为表语时,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that.
1.That'sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.
2.Myhomevillageisnolongerthepla___(that)itusedtobe.
定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况:
①当关系代词的前面有介词时.
1.Azooisaparkinwhich___nykindsofani___lsarekeptforexhibition.
2.IsthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?
②在非限制性定语从句中.
1.Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowveryold,becameilland___d.
2.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbeingpopularinourcountry.(which指代主句)
③在一个句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which.
1.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.
④当关系代词后面带有插入语时.
1.Here'stheEnglishgram___rwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.
⑤先行词本身是that,宜用which.
What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?
⑥先行词是those+复数名词.
Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.
●who&that:
who和that指代人时,有些情况宜用who,而不宜用that
①先行词为anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people时.如:
1.ThepersonIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostu___shardandworkswell.
2.Anyonewho(=Whoever)failedtoetothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.
3.Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveoffi___aton___.
②在Therebe结构中,修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人.如:
1.Thereisagentle___nwhowantstoseeyou.
2.Thereareseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarestillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclauses.
③当先行词有较长的后置定语时.如:
1.ImetaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.
●as&which:
as&which引导非限制性定语从句的区别:
①位置的不同:
which引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后;as位置较灵活,也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面;插在句子中或放在句子后。
如:
1.Hewaslateagain,which___dehisteacherveryangry.
2.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonest___n.或Jackisanhonest___n,asyouknow.
或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonest___n.
②先行词的不同:
as引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词多为一个句子;
which引导非限制性定语从句时,其先行词可以是一个词,一个短语或一个句子。
1.Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhu___andseldomwas.
2.Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.(先行词是一个句子)
3.Heisanhonest___n,asisknowntoall.
③as一般译为"正如""就像","这一点"
asweallknow;asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpecte