英语必修五课文doc.docx

英语必修五课文doc.docx

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英语必修五课文doc

必修五

Unit1

JOHHSNOWDEFEATS“KINGCHOLERA”

        JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon-soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.

       Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair.Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.

        JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854,hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry.Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods,hebegantogatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.

        Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet（especiallynumbers16,37,38and40）.Healsonoticedthatsomehouses（suchas20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet）hadhadnodeaths.Hehadnotforeseenthis,sohemadefurtherinvestigations.Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.

        Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown.Hehadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.

         InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Bothsheandherdaughterdiedofcholeraafterdrinkingthewater.WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.

         Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.Finally"KingCholera"wasdefeated.

Unit2

PUZZLESINGEOGRAPHY

       Peoplemaywonderwhydifferentwordsareusedtodescribethesefourcountries:

England,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.YoucanclarifythisquestionifyoustudyBritishhistory.

       FirsttherewasEngland.Waleswaslinkedtoitinthethirteenthcentury.NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufindWalesincludedaswell.NextEnglandandWaleswerejoinedtoScotlandintheseventeenthcenturyandthenamewaschangedto"GreatBritain".HappilythiswasaccomplishedwithoutconflictwhenKingJamesofScotlandbecameKingofEnglandandWalesaswell.FinallytheEnglishgovernmenttriedintheearlytwentiethcenturytoformtheUnitedKingdombygettingIrelandconnectedinthesamepeacefulway.However,thesouthernpartofIrelandwasunwillingandbrokeawaytoformitsowngovernment.SoonlyNorthernIrelandjoinedwithEngland,WalesandScotlandtobecometheUnitedKingdomandthiswasshowntotheworldinanewflagcalledtheUnionJack.

       Totheircreditthefourcountriesdoworktogetherinsomeareas（eg,thecurrencyandinternationalrelations）,buttheystillhaveverydifferentinstitutions.Forexample,NorthernIreland,EnglandandScotlandhavedifferenteducationalandlegalsystemsaswellasdifferentfootballteamsforcompetitionsliketheWorldCup!

         Englandisthelargestofthefourcountries,andforconvenienceitisdividedroughlyintothreezones.ThezonenearestFranceiscalledtheSouthofEngland,themiddlezoneiscalledtheMidlandsandtheonenearesttoScotlandisknownastheNorth.Youfindmostofthepopulationsettledinthesouth,butmostoftheindustrialcitiesintheMidlandsandtheNorthofEngland.Although,nationwide,thesecitiesarenotaslargeasthoseinChina,theyhaveworld-famousfootballteamsandsomeofthemevenhavetwo!

Itisapitythattheindustrialcitiesbuiltinthenineteenthcenturydonotattractvisitors.ForhistoricalarchitectureyouhavetogotoolderbutsmallertownsbuiltbytheRomans.ThereyouwillfindoutmoreaboutBritishhistoryandculture.

       ThegreatesthistoricaltreasureofallisLondonwithitsmuseums,artcollections,theatres,parksandbuildings.Itisthecentreofnationalgovernmentanditsadministration.IthastheoldestportbuiltbytheRomansinthefirstcenturyAD,theoldestbuildingbegunbytheAnglo-Saxonsinthe1060sandtheoldestcastleconstructedbylaterNormanrulersin1066.TherehasbeenfoursetsofinvadersofEngland.Thefirstinvaders,theRomans,lefttheirtownsandroads.Thesecond,theAnglo-Saxons,lefttheirlanguageandtheirgovernment.Thethird,theVikings,influencedthevocabularyandplace-namesoftheNorthofEngland,andthefourth,theNormans,leftcastlesandintroducednewwordsforfood.

        IfyoulookaroundtheBritishcountrysideyouwillfindevidenceofalltheseinvaders.YoumustkeepyoureyesopenifyouaregoingtomakeyourtriptotheUnitedKingdomenjoyableandworthwhile.

Unit3

FIRSTIMPRESSIONS

          Spacemall:

liqiang299A@GreatAdventureSpaceS  15/11/3008（Earthtime）

         DearMumandDad,IstillcannotbelievethatIamtakingupthisprizethatIwonlastyear.IhavetoremindmyselfconstantlythatIamreallyinAD3008.Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Asaresult,Isufferedfrom“Timelag”.Thisissimilartothe“jetlag”yougetfromflying,butitseemsyoukeepgettingflashbacksfromyourprevioustimeperiod.SoIwasverynervousanduncertainatfirst.However,myfriendandguide,WangPing,wasveryunderstandingandgavemesomegreentabletswhichhelpedalot.Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparents'company,called"FutureTours",transportedmesafelyintothefutureinatimecapsule.

        Icanstillrememberthemomentwhenthespacestewardesscalledusalltothecapsuleandweclimbedinthroughasmallopening.Theseatswerecomfortableandafteracalmingdrink,wefeltsleepyandclosedoureyes.Thecapsulebeganswinginggentlysidewaysaswelayrelaxedanddreaming.Afewminuteslater,thejourneywascompletedandwehadarrived.Iwasstillontheearthbutonethousandyearsinthefuture.WhatwouldIfind?

         Atfirstmynewsurroundingsweredifficulttotolerate.Theairseemedthin,asthoughitscombinationofgaseshadlittleoxygenleft.Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.JustasItriedtomakethenecessaryadjustmenttothisnewsituation,WangPingappeared."Putonthismask,"headvised."It'llmakeyoufeelmuchbetter."Hehandedittomeandimmediatelyhurriedmethroughtoasmallroomnearbyforarest.Ifeltbetterinnotime.SoonIwasbackonmyfeetagainandfollowinghimtocollectahoveringcarriagedrivenbycomputer.Thesecarriagesfloatabovethegroundandbybendingorpressingdowninyourseat,youcanmoveswiftly.WangPingfastenedmysafetybeltandshowedmehowtouseit.SoonIcouldflyasfastashim.However,IlostsightofWangPingwhenwereachedwhatlookedlikealargemarketbecauseoftoomanycarriagesflyingbyinalldirections.Hewassweptupintothecentreofthem.JustatthatmomentIhada"timelag"flashbackandsawtheareaagainasithadbeenintheyearAD2008.IrealizedthatIhadbeentransportedintothefutureofwhatwasstillmyhometown!

ThenIcaughtsightofWangPingagainandflewafterhim.

         Arrivingatastrange-lookinghouse,heshowedmeintoalarge,brightcleanroom.Ithadagreenwall,abrownfloorandsoftlighting.Suddenlythewallmoved-itwasmadeoftrees!

Ifoundlaterthattheirleavesprovidedtheroomwithmuch-neededoxygen.ThenWangPingflashedaswitchonacomputerscreen,andatableandsomechairsrosefromunderthefloorasifbymagic."Whynotsitdownandeatalittle?

"hesaid."Youmayfindthisdifficultasitisyourfirsttimetraveltrip.Justrelax,sincethereisnothingplannedonthetimetabletoday.Tomorrowyou'llbereadyforsomevisits."Havingsaidthis,hespreadsomefoodonthetable,andproducedabedfromthefloor.Afterheleft,Ihadabriefmealandahotbath.Exhausted,Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.

          Morenewslaterfromyourlovingson,

          LiQiang

Unit5

 FIRSTAIDFORBURNS

        Theskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyanditslargestorgan.Youhavethreelayersofskinwhichactasabarrieragainstdisease,poisonsandthesun'sharmfulrays.Thefunctionsofyourskinarealsoverycomplex:

itkeepsyouwarmorcool;itpreventsyourbodyfromlosingtoomuchwater;itiswhereyoufeelcold,heatorpainanditgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.Soasyoucanimagine,ifyourskingetsburned