学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高二上学期英语期中考试.docx

学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高二上学期英语期中考试.docx

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学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高二上学期英语期中考试

2018-2019学年上海省上海市浦东新区建平中学

高二上学期英语期中考试

II.Grammarandvocabulary

SectionA（10%）

Directions:

Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Sleeptrainingisfasterifwakingbabiescomforted

Comfortinganinfantunder3monthsofagewhowakesatnightcanhelpspeeditspathtoamorerestfulexistence.Beyondthe3-monthmark,though,interventionsbyparentsmayhavelittleimpactonababy’ssleepinghabitsatnight.（21）________takestimeforbabiestolearntosleepthroughthenight.（22）__________（understand）theroleofparentsintheSleeptrainingisfasterifwakingbabiescomfortedprocess,SabrinaVoltaireatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityandhercolleaguesspentninemonths（23）___________（follow）107familieslivingintheUSwhohadnewborns.Eachfamily（24）__________（keep）trackofthebaby’swakingfrequencyeverynightforoneweekbeforethechildwas3months,6monthsand9monthsold.Also,cameras（25）__________（install）infamilies’bedroomsforonenightduringthereportingweekstoobserveparents’interventionswhentheirbabieswokeup.Voltairefoundthatthebabies（26）__________parentsrespondedpromptlytotheirnightwakingsbeforetheyturned3monthsoldexperiencedafasterdeclineintheirtendencytowakeatnight.Butafterthefirstthreemonths,babiesshowedasimilarpaceofsleepdevelopment（27）__________parentsintervenedornotwhentheywoke.Thefindingscontradictthepopular“cryitout”approach:

lettingbabiescryuntiltheyfallbacktosleep.Manyparentingbooksrecommendthismethodbecausethereisanassumption（28）__________promptinterventionwhenababycriesatnightmightencourageinfantstokeepwakingup.“Almostallexpertsagreethatitisnotappropriateforsleeptraining,including‘cryitout’,（29）__________（use）forbabieslessthan3monthsofage,”saysJodiMindellattheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia,Pennsylvania.“Parentsneedtobeawareoftheappropriatenessoftheirresponses（30）__________theirbabiesbytakingintoaccountababy’sageaswellastheirdevelopmentallybasedskills,”shesays.

【答案】

21.It;22.Tounderstand;23.following;24.kept;25.wereinstalled;26.whose;27.whether;28.that;29.tobeused;30.to

【重难点词汇和短语解析】

1.interventionn.干预，介入

2.promptlyadv.立即地，迅速地

3.contradictv.反驳，驳斥，相矛盾

4.appropriatenessn.适当，适合

【语篇整体分析】本文主要围绕了父母对于新生儿晚上醒来做出反应的影响。

【试题解析】

21.考查代词。

Ittakessometimeforsbtodosth.固定用法。

22.考查不定式。

根据句子意思，SabrinaVoltaireatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityandhercolleagues花了9个月的时间关注107个有新生儿的美国家庭，所以接下来可理解到是为了理解父母在。

。

。

中的作用，所以填Tounderstand，表目的。

23.考查动名词。

Spendtimedoingsth.

24.考查谓语动词。

从句子前后的时态来看，应该为一般过去，所以填kept。

25.考查谓语动词。

主语cameras和动词是被动的关系，表示摄像头被安装在。

。

。

26.考查定语从句。

首先，句子主干部分已经有了，那么接下来要分析出thebabies和parents之间的关系，这样的话就不难判断出所属关系，所以填whose。

27.考查宾语从句。

根据后面的ornot可以判断出whether。

28.考查同位语从句。

promptinterventionwhenababycriesatnightmightencourageinfantstokeepwakingup.句子结构为promptinterventionmightencourageinfantstokeepwakingup.解释前面的assumption，所以填that.

29.考查不定式。

itisnotappropriateforsleeptrainingtodosth.,再结合主谓关系，应该构成被动关系，所以填tobeused。

30.考查介词。

根据前面的responses可以填出to.

SectionB（10%）

Directions:

Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.breaksB.unlocksC.originalD.alternativeE.attached

F.swappedG.similarlyH.simplyI.resultingJ.crucialK.unrelated

ArtificialgenesshowlifedoesnotneedDNA

LifeneednotbebasedonDNA.Sosayresearcherswhohavecreatedtwonewversionsoftheiconicmolecule（分子）,whichretainitsdoublehelix（双螺旋）shapebutarethinnerthanthe____31___.“Thisischangingtherulesofthegamethateveryschoolchildlearns,”saysStevenBenneroftheFoundationforAppliedMolecularEvolutioninFlorida.Itimpliesthatlifemightbebasedon___32___geneticmolecules.DNAcarriesourgenes,whichtellourbodieshowtogrowandarepassedfromparenttochild.DNAismadeupoftwolongchainlikemoleculestwistedaroundeachother.Thetwochainsare___33___bymeansofpairsofbases,onebaseoneachchain.Theorderofthebasesiswhat___34___theinformationinourgenes.BennerandhiscolleaguesmadeseveralalternativeDNAsinwhichthey___35___someofthestandardbasesforvariouscombinationsofeightsimilarmolecules.Doingsomadesomeofthe___36___DNA-likemoleculesphysically“skinnier”thanstandardDNA,whileotherswere“fatter”.Nevertheless,theyallperformedDNA’s___37___function.However,thenewDNA___38___whatwasthoughttobeaprimaryrule,whichthesepreviousmodificationsobeyed.InnormalDNA,whentwobasespairup,oneislargeandtheothersmall.ButintheskinnyDNA,smallpairswithsmall.And___39___,inthefatDNA,largepairswithlarge.Bothwork.There’snoreasonyouhadtodevelopasystemwhereyouhavethepairingofthesmallwiththelargebases.Itseemstherearemanywaystobuildagene.“ItclearlyraisesthequestionofwhyweendedupwithDNA,”saysHolliger.Hesuspectsitissimplyanaccidentofchemistry:

In2008,researchersmadeadoublehelixoutof___40___chemicals,anditsbasesstillpairedup.Combined,thefindingsmeanthesearchforalienlifeneedstolookformorethanjustDNA.

【答案】31-35CDEBF36-40IJAGK

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA（15%）

Directions:

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

NeverinrecordedhistoryhasalanguagebeenaswidelyspokenasEnglishistoday.Thereasonwhymillionsarelearningitissimple:

itisthelanguageofinternationalbusinessand,__41__,thekeytoprosperity.

DavidGraddol,theauthorofEnglishNext,saysitis__42__toviewthestoryofEnglishsimplyassuccessforitsnativespeakersinNorthAmerica,BritainandIreland,andAustralasia-butthatwouldbeamistake.GlobalEnglishhasenteredamorecomplexstage,changinginwaysthattheEnglish-speakingcountriescannotcontrolandmightnot__43__.

Animportantquestiononemightaskis:

whoseEnglishwillitbeinthefuture?

Non-nativespeakersnow__44__nativeEnglishspeakersbythreetoone.ThemajorityofencountersinEnglishtodaytakeplacebetweennon-nativespeakers.AccordingtoDavidGraddol,manybusinessmeetingsheldinEnglishappeartorunmoresmoothlywhennonativeEnglishspeakersare__45__.Thisisbecausenativespeakersareoftenpooratensuringthattheyareunderstoodininternationaldiscussions.TheytendtothinktheyneedtoavoidlongerLatin-basedwords,butinfact__46__problemsaremoreoftencausedbytheiruseofidioms,metaphors,phrasalverbs,etc.

ProfessorBarbaraSeidlhofer,ProfessorofEnglishandAppliedLinguisticattheUniversityofVienna,recordsandtranscribesspokenEnglishinteractionsbetweenspeakersofthelanguagearoundtheworld.Shesaysherteamhasnoticedthatnon-nativespeakersare__47__standardEnglishgrammarinseveralways.Eventhemostexperiencedspeakerssometimesomitthe“s”inthethirdpersonsingular.Manyomitdefiniteandindefinitearticleswheretheyare__48__instandardEnglish,orputtheminwherestandardEnglishdoesnotusethem.Nounsthatarenotpluralinnative-speakerEnglishareusedaspluralsbynon-nativespeakers（e.g,“informations,”“knowledges,”“advices”）.Othervariationsinclude“makeadiscussion,”“discussaboutsomething,”or“phonetosomebody.”ManynativeEnglishspeakerswillinsistthesearejust__49__.“Knowledges”and“phonetosomebody”aresimplywrong.Manynon-nativespeakerswhoteachEnglisharoundtheworldwould__50__.Butlanguagechanges,andsodoconceptsofgrammatical__51__.

ThosewhoinsistonstandardEnglishgrammarremainina（n）__52__position.AcademicswhowanttheirworkpublishedininternationaljournalshavetoobeythegrammaticalrulesfollowedbynativeEnglish-speakingelites（精英）.

ButspokenEnglishisanothermatter.Whyshouldnon-nativespeakersbotherwithwhatnativespeakersregardascorrect?

Theirmainaim,__53__,istobeunderstoodbyoneanother,andinmostcasesthereisnonativespeakerpresent.

ProfessorSeidlhofersays,“Ithinkthatwhatwearelookingatisthe__54__ofanewinternationalattitude,therecognitionandawarenessthatinmanyinternationalcontextsnon-nativespeakersdonotneedtospeaklikenativespeakers,tocomparethemselvestothem,andthusalwaysfeel‘__55__’.”

41.A.howeverB.thereforeC.otherwiseD.besides

42.A.relievingB.shockingC.temptingD.disappointing

43.A.acceptB.opposeC.mindD.doubt

44.A.outnumberB.overlookC.upgradeD.underestimate

45.A.attentiveB.agreeableC.energeticD.present

46.A.diagnosisB.comprehensionC.disturbanceD.concentration

47.A.creatingB.improvingC.varyingD.obeying

48.A.editedB.neglectedC.avoidedD.required

49.A.mistakesB.coincidencesC.exceptionsD.excuses

50.A.fearB.objectC.agreeD.fight

51.A.ignoranceB.evolutionC.correctnessD.guidance

52.A.honouredB.mysteriousC.fallingD.powerful

53.A.bycomparisonB.afterallC.onpurposeD.inreality

54.A.disappearanceB.emergenceC.criticismD.evaluation

55.A.lessgoodB.lesslonelyC.morealiveD.moreadapted

【答案】41-45BCAAD46-50BCDAC51-55CDBBA

【重难点词汇和短语解析】

1.context（n.）环境，上下文，来龙去脉

2.overlook（vt.n.）忽略，俯瞰，远眺，检查，高耸于.