英语阅读训练归纳概括主题 2.docx

英语阅读训练归纳概括主题 2.docx

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英语阅读训练归纳概括主题2

英语阅读训练--归纳概括主题2014.3.29

（TitleandMainIdea）

归纳概括中心主旨的题目是考试必考题目，考查考生通过阅读理解,总结归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。

  要做好这类题考生必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既看到树木, 更看到森林；要跳出一词一句，而俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。

找出主题句（topicsentence）是一个有用的方法。

中心意思（mainidea）通常是一个完整的句子，它应能全面准确地概括文章的中心主旨；最佳题目（thebesttitle）可以是一个短语词组，它除能概括文章的中心主旨外，还有吸引读者，引发阅读兴趣的任务。

考察文章主题的提问方式常用的有：

①Thesubjectofthepassageis________.

②Themainideais________.

③Thetitleis________.

④Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.

⑤Whattopicistreatedinthispassage________.

⑥Thepointofthepassageisthat________.

⑦What’sthetopicofthefirstparagraph?

⑧Thebestheadlineforthepassagewouldbe________.

⑨Whichtitlebestgivestheideaofthepassage?

⑩What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?

1.主题句位于段首

其特点是演绎式，开门见山提出论点，再分别说明。

例如：

Peoplehaveknownaboutgoldforaverylongtime（主题句）.Theearlycavepeopleknewofgold（论据）.Goldcupswereusedbypeoplewholivedmorethan5,000yearsago（论据）.GoldnecklacesandotherthingsmadeofgoldhavebeenfoundinEgypt.Theyarealsomorethan5,000yearsold（论据）.

Q:

Themainideaofthepassageis________.

A.goldiswidelyused

B.manythingscanbemadeofgold.

C.goldwasknownbypeoplelongtimesago.

D.goldwasfound5,000yearsago

2.主题句位于段尾

其特点是归纳式，即细节在前，概括在后。

例如：

Oneofthemostimportantusesofgoldisformoney.Goldcanbeusedtomakerings,earrings,andotherthings.Goldisalsousedtomakegoldleaf,averyflatribbon（带）ofgoldthatisoftenusedonpictureframes.Cupsanddishescanalsobemadefromgold.Goldhasmanyuses.

Q:

Thebesttitleofthispassageis________.

A.themostimportantusesofgoldB.wideusesofgold

C.manythingsmadeofgoldD.theimportanceofgold.

3.主题句位于段中

其特点是：

引题—主题—解释或提问—回答—解释。

例如：

Aportisaplacewhereshipsstaywhentheyarenotsailing.Shipsusuallyloadorunloadataport.So,aspaceportisaplacewhere“spaceships”staywhentheyarenotflying.Ithasspecialbuildingswherethespaceshipsarekept.Italsohassuppliesneededforspacetravel.

Q:

Thepassagemainlytellsus________.

A.whataspaceportis

B.thataportisaplacewhereshipsstay

C.thataspaceportisaspecialbuilding

D.whataportandaspaceportare

4.首尾呼应的主题句

通常是指文章开头和结尾相互对应。

了解这一点有利于根据文章开头和结尾进行综合推理。

例如：

ShuPulonghashelpedatleast1,000peoplebittenbysnakes.“Itwasseeingpeoplewithsnakebitesthatledmetothiscareer.”hesaid.

·································

“ThesadstorytouchedmesomuchthatIdecidedtodevotemyselftohelpingpeoplebittenbysnakes.”Shusaid.

Q:

Whatdoyouthinkthewritertalksaboutinthemissingpartofthearticle?

A.Thesadstoryofthepeoplebittenbysnakes.

B.HowdidShuhelpthepeople?

C.WhydidShuhelpthepeople?

D.HowmuchdidShulikehiscareer?

5.无主题句

依据文中事实，细节，观点，综合归纳成一般概念。

例如：

Goodafternoon.Thisisyourcaptainspeaking.Wehavebeenwarnedofthedangerofstrongairturbulenceaheadforthenextfortymilesorso.Passengersarethereforestronglyaskedtoremainintheirseatswiththeirseatbeltonfortheirsafetyandnottousetherestroomsduringthatdangerousperiodifatallpossible.Duringthetimeyoungchildrenshouldbefirmlyfastenedintotheirseats.

Pleaseobservetheseprecautionuntiltheseatbeltwarringsignhasgoneoff.Lunchwillbeservedafterwehavepassedthroughtheairturbulencezone.Thankyou.

Q:

Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe________.

A.TheCaptainandthePassengers

B.SomethingAbouttheStrongAirTurbulence

C.ForyourOwnSafety

D.Don’tMoveAroundandKeepStill

ReadingTrainingCourse

Paragraph1

Whatarethetallestplantsintheworld?

ManypeoplewouldsaythatgiantredwoodtreesofCalifornia.Actually,thetallestplantsareintheoceans.Theseareseaweedsthatgrowalmostsevenhundredfeettall.Comparedtothisheight,thegiantredwoodsarepygmiesofonlyfourhundredfeet.Togetsomeideaoftheseheights,considertheStatueofLiberty.Thishugefigurerisesonlythreehundredfeet.

1.Thepassagecanbeentitled__________.

A.RedwoodsinCaliforniaB.TheStatueofLiberty

C.SeaweedD.TheTallestPlants

Paragraph2

Wethinkofafloodoranearthquakeasanaturaldisaster.Tomanyofnature'sanimals,however,thegreatestdisasteristhecomingoflargenumbersofhumans.WhensettlerscamefromtheEasttoAmerica'sgreatwesternplains,theykilledmillionsofbison,poisonedtheprairiedogs,andshotthecoyotes.Allthisupsetthearea'sbalanceofnature.Fortheanimals,itwasworsethanafloodorearthquake.

2.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.NatureBalanceItselfB.FloodsandEarthquakes

C.AmericanSettlersD.Humans--aDisastertoNature

Paragraph3

Whenapieceofpaperburns,itiscompletelychanged.Theashthatisleftbehinddoesnotlookliketheoriginalpieceofpaper.Whendull-redrustappearsonapieceoftinware（锡制品）,itisquitedifferentfromthegleamingtin.Thetarnishthatformsonsilverwareisanewsubstanceunlikethesilveritself.Animaltissue（组织）isunlikethevegetablesubstancefromwhichitismade.Achangeinwhichtheoriginalsubstanceisturnedintoadifferentsubstanceiscalledachemicalchange.

5.Theauthorwritesthispassagetotellus_________.

A.howpaperburnsB.thatdull-redontinwareisunliketinitself

C.thatanimaltissueisdifferentfromplant'sD.whatachemicalchangeis

Paragraph4

OneofthemostimportantweaponsusedduringtheSecondWorldWarwasnotaweaponusedagainstpeople,butratheradrugusedagainstdisease.Thewartimeuseofpenicillinsavedthousandsoflives.IntheFirstWorldWar,forexample,pneumoniawasresponsibleforeighteenpercentofallthedeathsintheUnitedStatesarmy.IntheSecondWorldWar,theratewentdowntolessthanonepercent.Inaddition,penicillinwasinstrumentalinkeepingwoundsfromgettinginfectedandinhelpingtospeedthehealingprocessofthosewoundsthatdidbecomeinfected. 

1.whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ADangerousWeaponB.GunsintheSecondWorldWar

C.ATerriblePneumoniaD.AnImportantDrug

Paragraph5

Itispossibletodomanysimpletrickswithnumbers.Hereisonetrick.Ithasseveralseparatesteps.

First,writedownyourhousenumber.Forexample,ifyouraddressis73LemonStreet,youwouldwritedown73.Afteryouwritedownyourhouseaddress,nextdoubleit.Thenaddfivetothisdoublednumber.Forexample,ifyouraddresswas73andyoudoubledit,youwouldget146.Then,ifyouaddedfive,you'dget151.     Thenmultiplythisnumberby50.Inourexamplehere,you'llget7550.Thenextstepistoaddyouragetothistotal.Forexample,ifyou're26yearsold,youshouldadd26tothistotal.Inourexamplehere,theresultwouldbe7576.Afterthatyouhavetoaddthenumberofdaysinayear,whichis365.Inourexamplehere,365addedto7576is7941.

Thefinalstepisthis:

Subtract615fromthenumberthatyouhave.Takeaway615fromthetotal,Inourexample,7941minus615is7326.

Theresulthere-7326-isthetrick.Thefirstpartofthenumberistheaddressandthelastpartofthenumberistheageoftheperson.Thatis,73istheaddressthatwestartedwith,and26istheagethatweused.

5.Thebesttitleofthepassageis__________.

A.ThenumbertricksB.Atrickwithnumbers

C.AninterestingproblemD.Howtoworkoutadifficulttrick

Passage6

AnAustralianwildlifeparkattendantsurvivedacrocodileattackafterherfatherjumpedonthehugecrocodile'sbackanddugoutitseyesasthehorrifiedtouristslookedon.

KarlaBredl,21,wasinafairlygoodconditioningoodcareinhospitalwithabrokenbone,abrokenlegandsomeinjuriesaftertheattack.

The4.5-metrecrocodilecaughtKarlaBredlaroundthelegandthenthewaistwhenshefellduringacrocodilefeedingshowfortourists.

Karla'sfatherseizedalong-handledtoolandbeatthecrocodileabouttheheadtoforceittoletgoofher,butthetoolwasdoingnothing.Sohejumpedonitsbackandstuckhisfingersinitseyesandthecrocodileletgoofher.

1.Thebesttitleofthepassageis_________.

A.TheHatefulCrocodileB.FatherSavedDaughter'sLife

C.ATerribleAccidentD.TheDangerousPlace

猜词法（MeaningsGuess）2014.4.5

该题型常见的设题方式有:

⏹1.Theword________couldbestbereplacedby________.

⏹2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword________.

⏹3.By______thewritermeans________.

⏹4.Inthe______paragraph,theword"_______"means（refersto）_______.

⏹5.Theunderlinedword_______isclosestinmeaningto_______.

方法1：

定义，解释法（Definition）

通过下定义的方法，来解释说明某个生词或短语的意义。

信息词：

is,was,means,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,referto...

☐1.Abiographyisthestoryofaperson'slifewrittenbyanother.

☐2.Toboycottastoremeanstorefusetoshopinthestore.

[No.1]Hewasoneof80middleschoolstudentsfromChinaattendingamonth-long"YouthSummit".........TheYouthSummitwasaimedatincreasingunderstandingandfriendshipbetweenyoungstudentsofthetwocountriesthroughvisitsanddiscussion.

55.Thewords"YouthSummit"referto_______.

A.visitstotheNixon'sLibrary

B.theChinesestudents'visittotheUS

C.ameetingdiscussingrelationsbetweenChinaandtheUS

D.activitiestostrengthenthetiesbetweenChinaandtheUS.

[No.2]

Leadershipmeanspower,commandsrespectand,mostimportant,encouragesachievement.UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.

60.Theunderlinedword”cultivated”roughlymeans_____.

A.developedB.co