专四70组近义词辨析.docx
《专四70组近义词辨析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专四70组近义词辨析.docx（43页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。
专四70组近义词辨析
在学习英语词汇中，有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的，我们一般从三方面进行区分，即：
语法、语义和文体。
语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分；语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分；文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。
1.路
way:
Whereverthereisroomforanobjecttoproceed,thereisaway.
road:
Aroadisapreparedwayfortravelingwithhorsesorvehicles.
Beontheroad在途中，状态良好可行驶，居无定所
Beontheroadtorecovery正在恢复中
Byroad/air/rail
Roadaccident/sign
Theroadtohellispavedwithgoodintentions
path:
Awaysuitabletobetraveledonlybyfootpassengersorbyanimals.小径，小路
抽象acareerpath/thepath/routetosuccess
route:
（fromAtoB）Arouteisalineoftravel,andmaybeovermanyroads.
Thebest/quickestroutefromBJtoSH
Anescaperoute逃脱路径
Bus/trainroute公交线、列车运行线路
street:
Astreetisinsomecentreofhabitation,asacitytownorvillage,whenitpassesbetweenhousesofdwellings.
Berecognizedinthestreet
Streetmap/plan街道平面图
It'snotsafetowalkthestreetatnight夜间在街上行走不安全
Highstreet大街sidestreet小街道
avenue:
Aavenueisalong,broadandimposing（庄严）orprincipalstreet.
FifthAvenue第五大道（没有the）
2.时代（期）（时期）
period:
Itindicatesanypassageoftime,greatorsmall./anextentoftimeofanylength.（时代）
time（s）:
Itreferstoaperiodinhistory.inancienttimes/inVictoriatime（新时代）
epoch:
Itindicatesalongperiodoftimemarkedbyeventsordevelopmentofaparticularkind.
Thefirstflightintospacemarkedanewepochinthehistoryofmankind.（纪元）
era:
Itreferstoaverylongperiodoftimemarkedbyaparticularfeatureinagreatneweraofworldrevolution（时期）
age:
Itshowsaparticular/afairlydefiniteperiodinhistory.theBronzeAge,IronAge
3beat,win,conquer,defeat,overcome
这组词均有“获胜，征服，击败”之意。
beat指在战争、竞赛或其他方面最终彻底战胜对方，对象可以是人，也可以是物。
win指在竞赛或战斗中击败对方，其对象一般应是物，如battle,race,victory等。
conquer既可指靠武力或精神道方面的力量使对方屈服，又可指排除障碍和阻力后取得胜利。
defeat意为“击败”，强调的是暂时的胜利。
overcome既可指在战斗和竞赛中战胜对方，也可指在感情、习惯等方面压倒，胜过。
如：
Wecaneasilybeatyouatbaseball.打垒球我们可以轻易地击败你们。
TheChineseteamwonintheend.最后中国队赢了。
TheNormansconqueredEnglandin1066.1066年，诺曼底人征服了英格兰。
Hedefeatedhisopponentsinthiselection.在这次竞选中，他击败了对手。
Hemadeeffortstoovercomeeverydifficulty.他努力克服每一个困难。
4character,personality,nature,temperament,individuality
这组词都表示人的“脾气，性格”。
character
意为“天性，性情，性格，个性；品格”，侧重人格、品质，特指道义方面的邪、正、强、弱等，也可笼统表示性格全貌。
另外character还有“特点，人物”等多种意义。
personality
意为“人格，个性，为人”，是在私下和社交场合体现的能影响他人对自己的印象或看法的性情、举止等。
personality也有“人物、名人”之意。
nature
意为“本性，天性，性质”，指天生的，无法改变的品质或性格。
temperament
意为“性情，脾气，气质”，主要指影响人的思想、感情及行为的性情、气质或人易激动、易怒等特点。
individuality
意为“个性、特征”，指与他人不同的、有显著特色的性格特征。
如：
Sheisawomanofstrongcharacter.她是个性格坚强的女人。
Lovehadtobeagiveandtake,eachrespectingtheother’spersonality.爱既包含奉献也包含索取，彼此应尊重对方的人格。
It’snothernaturetoberude;she’spolitebynature.她的天性不是粗鲁无礼，而是彬彬有礼。
Manyactorshaveexcitabletemperament.许多演员性情容易激动。
Dressexpressesthewearer’sindividuality.衣着反映人的个性。
5.服装
clothing（collect）:
（fml）Generaltermofclothes.
clothes（nosingle）:
Coveringsofthebodysuchascoats,dresses,suits,shoes,hats.
garment（fl）:
Asuitofclothesusedbyactors./asinglearticleofclothing.
costume:
1）Thefashionofdresspeculiartoapeople,nation,class,period,etc.
2）Adresswornbyactorsinaplay.
uniform:
wornbyallmembersofthecommunity.
dress:
1）Akindofoutergarmentwornbywomen（连衣裙）.
2）wornonspecialoccasions（礼服）eveningdress/morningdress
suit:
Asetofouterclothestobeworntogether.eveningsuit/swimmingsuit套装，西装
Three-piecesuit三件式西装
coat:
Agarmentwithsleeveswornontopofotherclothesfromrain,heat,etc.
overcoat:
Awarncoatworninthestreet.
6.哭
cry:
Themostgeneralone.
（哭泣）weep:
Toletflowtears.
（抽泣抽嗒）sob:
Toweeporsighwithshortquickbreaths.
（哭天抹泪涕泪交流）snivel:
Tosniffleandcryinairritatingmanner.
（哭嚎又哭又闹）blubber:
Tocryloudlynoisily.
（发出低声报怨声）whine:
Tomakealowcomplainingcry.
（嚎哭）bawl:
Toutterloudcries（alwaysinbadsense）.
（痛哭）wail:
Tocryaloudfrompainorsorrow.
（呻吟）moan:
Tomakealow,miserablesoundinpainorsorrow.
（呻吟）grown:
Tomakealowsoundofpain,unhappinessordisapproval
（哀悼）mourn:
Tofeelorshowsadnessorsorrowforsomeonewhohasdied.
（哀悼）lament:
Toexpressgreatsorroworregret.
7.美丽漂亮
good-looking:
Havinganattractiveappearanceinastrong,healthywayusedformenandwomennotthings.
beautiful:
（awomanorathing）Suggestingsymmetryoffeaturesorperfectionofproportion,eleganceandmobility.beautifulflowers,abeautifulgirl/voice/city/facebeautifulweather.
handsome:
Ofattractiveappearanceappliestomen.ahandsomefellow/actor/horse/buildings/youngman.
pretty:
（agirl,orasmallthing）Suggestinglivelinessandsweetness,pleasingornicetolookat.aprettylittlewoman/garden,aprettygirl/picture/pieceofmusic,
lovely:
（something）Sobeautifulthatitmakesyoufeelgoodtolookatitoreventothinkaboutit.Thegardenlookslovely.
fair:
Beautiful（ofwomaninpoet）lightincoloresp.,skinhair.
gorgeous:
（personsorthings）（inf）Extremelybeautifulorhandsome.
8.拉拖
pull:
Themostgeneralone.
draw:
Itimpliesasmoother,steadiermotionandgenerallyalighterforcethanpull.
drag:
Itusuallyreferstohorizontalmotionormotionupanincline（slope）anditsuggestslaboriouseffortsoverroughgroundoragainstfriction,resistanceorgravity.
Theescapedprisonerwasdraggedoutofhishidingplace.
haul:
Itimpliescontinuouspullingordraggingofheavyorbulkyobjects.Thefishermanishaulinganet.
tug:
Itappliestohardoftensuddenviolentefforttopull.Hetuggedatmysleevetoaskdirections.
jerk:
Topullsuddenly.Hejerkedouttheknifethatwasstuckinthewound.
tow:
Topullbyaropeorchain.Wetowedthecartothenearestgarage.
wrench:
Topullhardwithatwistingorturningmovement.
9.旋转turn:
Themostgeneralone.
（自转）spin:
Toturnquicklyaroundacentralpoint.Itemphasizesthecontinuityoftheaction,andusuallythenarrowextentofthecircularmotion.
Thewheelisspinningonitsaxis.
Tospinaball/coin
Tospin/whirlaround猛回头
Theearth'sspin地球的自传
（急转）whirl:
Toroundveryfast.Itimpliesthelockofconsciouscontrol.
头脑混乱不清，恍惚
Mymindiswhirling.Somanythoughtswhirlaroundinmymind.
Hermindisinawhirl.
Awhirlawind尘土飞扬
（转动）rotate:
Toturnroundafixedpointwithacircularmovement.
Theearthrotatesonceevery24hours.
Stayawayfromthehelicopterwhenitsbladesstarttorotate
Rotatingpresidency轮值主席
Rotatethenightshift轮值夜班
（绕转）revolve:
Toturnormoveinacirclearoundacentralpoint.Itindicatescircularorelliptical（椭圆）movement.Theplanetsrevolvearoundthesun.Theearthrevolveonitsaxis.
注意力，活动）围着谁转
Thewholehouseholdrevolvedaroundthebaby.
Thefemininetalkrevolvesaroundclothesandgossips.以八卦为主要内容
10.生气气愤
anger:
Themostgeneralone.
（易怒）becross:
Feelingeasytogetangry.
（愤慨）indignation:
（fml）Anger.Itstressesrighteousangeratwhatoneconsidersunfair,meanorshameful.Weexpressedourindignationattheruthlessexploitation.Befilledwithrighteousindignation义愤填膺
（愤怒）wrath:
Verytreatanger.（literary）Itsuggestsadesireorintenttorevengeorpunish.
（狂怒）rage:
Wild,violentanger.Itsuggestslossofself-controlfromviolenceofemotion.inarage/tofallintoarage.
（暴怒）fury:
Violent,extremeanddestructiveanger.Sheflewintoafury.
11.错误
（误会）mistake:
Awrongthought,act.Itimpliescarelessness.Anyonecanmakeamistake.
（过错弱点）fault:
Abadpoint,butnotofaseriousmoralkind.Itreferstobehaviorandcharacter.Hisonlyfaultisthathelacksambition.
findfaultwithsb/atfault
shortcoming:
weakness,failing;Itreferstofailuresordeficienciesinthingsaswellaspeople.
InspiteofallhershortcomingsIstillthinkshe'soneofthebestteachersintheschool.
（疏忽）error:
Amistake（formalsometimesliterary）Itimpliesdeviationfromastandardormodel
Theaccidentwascausedbyhumanerror.
（缺点毛病）defect:
sthlackingorimperfect.Itreferstoquality.
Theradiowasreturnedbecauseofadefect.
（失误过失）blunder:
Averystupidorunnecessarymistake.Itimpliesignorance.
Thisisthefatalblunderofhislife.大错
12.图画
picture:
Themostgeneralone.
（彩图）painting:
pictureswithcolor.
（绘画图画）drawing:
Apicturemadewithapen,pencilandcrayon.Sketch,diagramsandgraphsarealldrawings.
（草图）sketch:
Aroughnotdetaileddrawing.
（图解图表）diagram:
Adrawing,figurethatshowsthearrangementofsomething.
（曲线图）graph:
Adiagraminwhichastraightline,curved,orzigzaglineshowshowtwosetsofnumbersormeasurementsarerelated.
（插图）illustration:
Apicturetogowithwordsofabook.
（图样草图）draft:
Thefirstroughwrittenformofanything.
（平面图）plan:
Alinedrawingofabuildingasitmightbeenseenfromabove.
（主视图）elevation:
Aflatuprightsideofabuilding.
（海图）chart:
Amapesp.adetailedmapofaseaarea.
13.特别
（专门的,与众不同的）special:
Differentinsomewayfromwhatiscommon,ordinary,orusual.Itstresseshavingaquality,character,identity,oruseofitsown.Thetubecontainsspecialgases.
（特别的）especial:
（fml）Toanusuallygreatdegree,exceptional;Itemphasizestheimportanceofthethingsorthepersonsmentioned;Thisisamatterofespecialimportance.
（个别的）particular:
Relatingorbelongingtoonlyonethingorperson.Itstressesthedistinctnessofsomethingasanindividualwhichisworthnotice.Inthatparticularcase,theruledoesn'thold.（适用）
（特种的）specific:
Detailedandexact,clearinmeaningandexplanation,fixed,determined.（usedinscientificarticles）Itimpliesaqualityorcharacterdistinguishi
升级会员 