专四50组近义词辨析.docx

专四50组近义词辨析.docx

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专四50组近义词辨析

在学习英语词汇中，有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的，我们一般从三方面进行区分，即：

语法、语义和文体。

语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分；语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分；文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。

1.路

way:

Whereverthereisroomforanobjecttoproceed,thereisaway.road:

Aroadisapreparedwayfortravelingwithhorsesorvehicles.path:

Awaysuitabletobetraveledonlybyfootpassengersorbyanimals.route:

Arouteisalineoftravel,andmaybeovermanyroads.

street:

Astreetisinsomecentreofhabitation,asacitytownorvillage,whenitpassesbetweenhousesofdwellings.

avenue:

Aavenueisalong,broadandimposing（庄严）orprincipalstreet.

2.时代（期）（时期）

period:

Itindicatesanypassageoftime,greatorsmall./anextentoftimeofanylength.（时代）time（s）:

Itreferstoaperiodinhistory.inancienttimes/inVictoriatime（新时代）epoch:

Itindicatesalongperiodoftimemarkedbyeventsordevelopmentofaparticularkind.Thefirstflightintospacemarkedanewepochinthehistoryofmankind.（纪元）era:

Itreferstoaverylongperiodoftimemarkedbyaparticularfeatureinagreatneweraofworldrevolution（时期）age:

Itshowsaparticular/afairlydefiniteperiodinhistory.theBronzeAge,IronAge

3.战斗（打仗）fight:

Itisabodilystruggle（奋斗斗争）struggle:

Aneffortofanykindtoovercomedifficulty.（战斗）battle:

Afightbetweenarmedforces.（战役）campaign:

Aseriesofrelatedmilitaryoperationsinawar.（战争）war:

Aperiodoffightbetweencountriesorstateswhenweaponsareusedandmanypeoplearekilled.（对抗）combat:

Afight,conflict,controversy.

4.牧师（教士牧师）#

priest:

Aperson,esp.amanspeciallytrainedforvariousreligiousdutiesandceremonies,intheChristianchurch,esp.intheRomanCatholicchurch（牧师）minister:

Amemberofclergy,esp.Protestantchurches.（牧师）clergy（pl）:

Theofficiallyappointedleaderofthereligiousactivitiesofaparticularchurchortemple.

clergyman:

clergymen（pl）amemberofclergy.（牧师）

pastor:

AChristianreligiousleaderinchargeofachurchanditsmembers,esp.inaProtestantchurch.（教区牧师）vicar:

Apriestinchargeofanarea（parish）inthechurchofEngland.

father:

Alittleofrespectforapriest,esp.intheRomanCatholic.

5.服装

clothing（collect）:

（fml）Generaltermofclothes.clothes（nosingle）:

Coveringsofthebodysuchascoats,dresses,suits,shoes,hats.garment（fl）:

Asuitofclothesusedbyactors./asinglearticleofclothing.costume:

1）Thefashionofdresspeculiartoapeople,nation,class,period,etc.

2）Adresswornbyactorsinaplay.uniform:

wornbyallmembersofthecommunity.dress:

1）Akindofoutergarmentwornbywomen（连衣裙）.

2）wornonspecialoccasions（礼服）eveningdress/morningdresssuit:

Asetofouterclothestobeworntogether.eveningsuit/swimmingsuitcoat:

Agarmentwithsleeveswornontopofotherclothesfromrain,heat,etc.overcoat:

Awarncoatworninthestreet.

6.哭cry:

Themostgeneralone.

（哭泣）weep:

Toletflowtears.

（抽泣抽嗒）sob:

Toweeporsighwithshortquickbreaths.

（哭天抹泪涕泪交流）snivel:

Tosniffleandcryinairritatingmanner.

（哭嚎又哭又闹）blubber:

Tocryloudlynoisily.

（发出低声报怨声）whine:

Tomakealowcomplainingcry.

（嚎哭）bawl:

Toutterloudcries（alwaysinbadsense）.

（痛哭）wail:

Tocryaloudfrompainorsorrow.

（呻吟）moan:

Tomakealow,miserablesoundinpainorsorrow.

（呻吟）grown:

Tomakealowsoundofpain,unhappinessordisapproval（哀悼）mourn:

Tofeelorshowsadnessorsorrowforsomeonewhohasdied.

（哀悼）lament:

Toexpressgreatsorroworregret.

7.美丽漂亮good-looking:

Havinganattractiveappearanceinastrong,healthywayusedformenandwomennotthings.

beautiful:

（awomanorathing）Suggestingsymmetryoffeaturesorperfectionofproportion,eleganceandmobility.beautifulflowers,abeautifulgirl/voice/city/facebeautifulweather.

handsome:

Ofattractiveappearanceappliestomen.ahandsomefellow/actor/horse/buildings/youngman.

pretty:

（agirl,orasmallthing）Suggestinglivelinessandsweetness,pleasingornicetolookat.aprettylittlewoman/garden,aprettygirl/picture/pieceofmusic,lovely:

（something）Sobeautifulthatitmakesyoufeelgoodtolookatitoreventothinkaboutit.Thegardenlookslovely.

fair:

Beautiful（ofwomaninpoet）lightincoloresp.,skinhair.gorgeous:

（personsorthings）（inf）Extremelybeautifulorhandsome.

8.拉拖pull:

Themostgeneralone.draw:

Itimpliesasmoother,steadiermotionandgenerallyalighterforcethanpull.drag:

Itusuallyreferstohorizontalmotionormotionupanincline（slope）anditsuggestslaboriouseffortsoverroughgroundoragainstfriction,resistanceorgravity.Theescapedprisonerwasdraggedoutofhishidingplace.

haul:

Itimpliescontinuouspullingordraggingofheavyorbulkyobjects.Thefishermanishaulinganet.

tug:

Itappliestohardoftensuddenviolentefforttopull.Hetuggedatmysleevetoaskdirections.jerk:

Topullsuddenly.Hejerkedouttheknifethatwasstuckinthewound.

tow:

Topullbyaropeorchain.Wetowedthecartothenearestgarage.

wrench:

Topullhardwithatwistingorturningmovement.

9.旋转turn:

Themostgeneralone.

（自转）spin:

Toturnquicklyaroundacentralpoint.Itemphasizesthecontinuityoftheaction,

andusuallythenarrowextentofthecircularmotion.Thewheelisspinningonitsaxis.

（急转）whirl:

Toroundveryfast.Itimpliesthelockofconsciouscontrol.

（转动）rotate:

Toturnroundafixedpointwithacircularmovement.Theearthrotatesonce

every24hours.

（绕转）revolve:

Toturnormoveinacirclearoundacentralpoint.Itindicatescircularorelliptical（木椭圆）movement.Theplanetsrevolvearoundthesun.

10.生气气愤

anger:

Themostgeneralone.

（易怒）becross:

Feelingeasytogetangry.

（愤慨）indignation:

（fml）Anger.Itstressesrighteousangeratwhatoneconsidersunfair,meanorshameful.

Weexpressedourindignationattheruthlessexploitation.

（愤怒）wrath:

Verytreatanger.（literary）Itsuggestsadesireonintenttorevengeorpunish.

（狂怒）rage:

Wild,violentanger.Itsuggestslossofself-controlfromviolenceofemotion.inarage/tofallintoarage.

（暴怒）fury:

Violent,extremeanddestructiveanger.Sheflewintoafury.

11.错误

（误会）mistake:

Awrongthought,act.Itimpliescarelessness.Anyonecanmakeamistake.

（过错弱点）fault:

Abadpoint,butnotofaseriousmoralkind.Itreferstobehaviorandcharacter.Hisonlyfaultisthathelacksambition.

findfaultwithsb/atfault

shortcoming:

weakness,failing;Itreferstofailuresordeficienciesinthingsaswellaspeople.

InspiteofallhershortcomingsIstillthinkshe'soneofthebestteachersintheschool.

（疏忽）error:

Amistake（formalsometimesliterary）Itimpliesdeviationfromastandardormodel

Theaccidentwascausedbyhumanerror.

（缺点毛病）defect:

sthlackingorimperfect.Itreferstoquality.

Theradiowasreturnedbecauseofadefect.

（失误过失）blunder:

Averystupidorunnecessarymistake.Itimpliesignorance.

Thisisthefatalblunderofhislife.

12.图画picture:

Themostgeneralone.

（彩图）painting:

pictureswithcolor.

（绘画图画）drawing:

Apicturemadewithapen,pencilandcrayon.Sketch,diagramsandgraphsarealldrawings.

（草图）sketch:

Aroughnotdetaileddrawing.

（图解图表）diagram:

Adrawing,figurethatshowsthearrangementofsomething.

（曲线图）graph:

Adiagraminwhichastraightline,curved,orzigzaglineshowshowtwosetsofnumbersormeasurementsarerelated.

（插图）illustration:

Apicturetogowithwordsofabook.

（图样草图）draft:

Thefirstroughwrittenformofanything.

（平面图）plan:

Alinedrawingofabuildingasitmightbeenseenfromabove.

（主视图）elevation:

Aflatuprightsideofabuilding.

（海图）chart:

Amapesp.adetailedmapofaseaarea.

13.特别

（专门的,与众不同的）special:

Differentinsomewayfromwhatiscommon,ordinary,orusual.Itstresseshavingaquality,character,identity,oruseofitsown.Thetubecontainsspecialgases.

（特别的）especial:

（fml）Toanusuallygreatdegree,exceptional;Itemphasizestheimportanceofthethingsorthe

personsmentioned;Thisisamatterofespecialimportance.

（个别的）particular:

Relatingorbelongingtoonlyonethingorperson.Itstressesthedistinctnessofsomethingasan

individualwhichisworthnotice.Inthatparticularcase,theruledoesn'thold.（适用）

（特种的）specific:

Detailedandexact,clearinmeaningandexplanation,fixed,determined.（usedinscientific

articles）Itimpliesaqualityorcharacterdistinguishingakindoraspecies.

Hegavemeaveryspecificinstruction.Thereisaspecifictoolforeachjob.

（独特的）peculiar:

Strangeorperhapsunpleasant.Itimpliesstrangeness.Hehasapeculiarwayofspeaking.

14.取消消灭

（取消解除）cancel:

Togiveup,todeclaresomethingistobeeffective.Hehascancelledhisleaveofabsence.Q肖假）

（废除废止）abolish:

Todoawaywith.Itreferstopractices,socialinstitutions.Badcustomsshouldbeabolished.

（肖灭排除）eliminate:

Togetridof.Weshouldeliminatethefalseandretainthetrue.

（撤肖废除）repeal:

Tobringtoanendoftheeffectofalaworanorder.Somelawsshouldberepealed.

（根除肖灭）exterminate:

Todestroycompletelyandwholly.Colonialismmustbeexterminated.

15.破碎

break:

Themostgeneralone.

（压碎压破）crush:

Topresstogetherviolentlyastobreak,todestroyitsshapebysqueezingit.Itsuggeststheeffectofgreatexternalpressure.Thetreefellontopofthecarandcrushedit.

（打碎）smash:

Tobreakthoroughlytopieceswithacrushingsound.Shedroppedtheplateandsmashedit.

（打裂）crack:

Tobreakwithoutseparationofparts.Itsuggeststhebreakingoutacrossasurface.Hecrackedthewindowbyleaningagainstit.

（破裂）burst:

Tobreakopenbypressurefromwithin.Thefireworksburstwhiletheywereintheair.

（砸碎破碎