商务英语中西方餐桌礼仪的差异Word下载.docx
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2.1.5餐巾
2.1.6牙签
2.2中餐席位的安排
2.3西餐主要餐具的使用
2.3.1刀和叉
2.3.2勺子
2.3.3餐巾
2.4西餐席位的安排
2.5进餐礼仪的差异
2.5.1中餐进餐礼仪
2.5.2中餐上菜次序和礼仪
2.5.3西餐的进餐礼仪
2.5.4西餐的上菜顺序结语
一、课题(论文)提纲
二、内容摘要
Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theworldhasgrownsosmallthatwealldependoneachothernow.Whathappensinoneplaceoftheworldaffectsotherplaces.Andfrequentcontactsareshowingtheimportanceoftablemanners.Differentcountrieshavedifferenttablemanners.ThedifferenttablemannersbetweenChineseandwesterncountriesarethecoreofthispaper.ThispaperintroducestheuseofmaintablewaresandarrangmentofseatsandtheorderofdishesandtablemannersbetweenChineseandwesterncountries.WemusthaveagoodknowledgeoftablemannersbetweenChineseandwesterncountriesinordertoworkandliveproperlyduringtheinternationalcommunication.
随着经济全球化的日益发展紧密,世界变得越来越小,并相互依存相互影
响。
国际间人与人之间的交往日趋频繁,也就突显了餐桌礼仪在国际交往中的重要性,不同的国家有着不同的餐桌礼仪。
本文主要介绍中西方餐桌礼仪的差异,主要从主要餐具的使用,座位的安排,进餐礼仪,上菜次序来比较中西方餐桌礼仪差异的.人们需要了解中西方国家在餐桌礼仪上的差异,以便能在国际交往中更好地交流,给生活和工作带来更大的便利。
三、参考文献
18
南京龙虎
[5]西餐席位应如何安排南京日报社
浙2006-2-4
西餐餐具摆放中国时尚品牌网
[4]精致生活
[1]李元授.礼仪训练[M]华中理工大学出版社,2005-5
[2]魏志国,餐饮服务饮食管理[M]北京:
旅游教育出版社, 2002-9
[3]中餐座位主客座的位置坐法及其相关用餐礼仪常识 中国旅游2007-4-2
ThedifferenttablemannersbetweenChineseandwestern
countries
00000
Abstract:
Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theworldhasgrownsosmallthatwealldependoneachothernow.Whathappensinoneplaceoftheworldaffectsotherplaces.Andfrequentcontactsareshowingtheimportanceoftablemanners.Differentcountieshavedifferenttablemanners.ThedifferenttablemannersbetweenChineseandwesterncountriesarethecoreofthispaper.ThispaperintroducestheuseofmaintablewaresandarrangmentofseatsandtheorderofdishesandtablemannersbetweenChineseandwesterncountries.WemusthaveagoodknowledgeoftablemannersbetweenChineseandWesterncountriesinordertoworkandliveproperlyduringtheinternationalcommunication.
中文摘要:
随着经济全球化的日益发展紧密,世界变得越来越小,并相互依存相互影响。
本文主要介绍中西方餐桌礼仪的差异,主要从主要餐具的使用,座位的安排,进餐礼仪,上菜次序来比较中西方餐桌礼仪差异的.人们需要了解中西方国家在餐桌礼仪上
的差异,以便能在国际交往中更好地交流,给生活和工作带来更大的便利。
关键词:
餐桌;
礼仪;
差异;
座位;
Keywords:
table;
manners;
difference;
seats;
Introduction:
Withthedevelopmentofopening-uppolicy,foreignetiquetteenterstoourdailylifedaybyday.Besidesthecommercialetiquette,thetablemannersisveryimportant,too.Ithaveeffectonthequalityofthepeople,especialychildern.Youshouldtrainyourselfinpropertablemanners,whetheraloneorwithfamily.
Becauseitwillbecomeanaturalpartofyoubehavior,andyouwillbeateaseatthetable.
1.Theimportanceoftablemanners
Thetablemannersexpressone’squalityandeducationsowhateverageit’sworthtoadvocating.Alargenumberofwhite-collorandleadergotomannertraininginstitution,whichproveit’simportance.Inourdialylifeweoftenusetablemannerssoitcan’tbeignoredandshouldbereceivedconsiderableconcernbyparent.Ifyouwantyourchildrenhaveexcellenttablemanners,pleasestarttoteachthemintheirchildhood.
Britainattachgreatattentiontochildren’smannereducation.Inordertohelpchildrendevelopexcellenttablemannersandhaveallsortsofcommendablequalityorcharacters,theybegintoteachthechildrentablemannerfromthefirstdaychildrenonthetable.ThemajorityofBritishparentsbelievethatifyouchildrenwanttoeattheirown,whichindicatedtheydesiretopersonalindependence.Thatisnodoubtthatweshouldgivethemencourage.TheBritishgeneralagreementthatchildren’sbadhabitsarecausedbyearly
childhoodthattheyparentsdon’tcare.It’swillnotonlyinfluenceingestionofacomprehensiveandadequatenutrition,butalsomakethechilddevelopself-willed,selfishandself-controlpersonality.Tablemannersisamirrorthatreflectthepeople’squalityandfamilyeducation.
2.Differenttablemannersbetweenchineseandwestern
2.1Theuseofchinesefoodmaintablewares
2.1.1Chopsticks
ThechopsticksarethemaintablewareofChinesefood.Itshouldbeheldbetweenthethumbandfingersoftherighthand.Chopsticksaretraditionallyheldintherighthandonlyandafewpeoplestillconsiderthatusechopstickwithlefthandisimproper.Whenpublicchopsticksareofferedonthetable,itisconsideredimpolitetouseyourownchopstickstopickupthefoodfromthepublicplateoreatusingthepublicchopsticks.Anexceptiontothisruleismadeinfamilydinnersthatfamilymembersmaynotmindusingownchopsticks.
Neverwaveyourchopsticksorbangthemlikedrumsticksorusethemtomovebowlsorplates.Decidewhattopickupbeforereachingwithchopsticks.Donotusechopsticksmovearoundinshareddish.Afteryouhavepickedupanitem,donotputitbackinthedish.Chopstickscanbeputquitelyonone'
splateorbowl.Neverstabchopsticksintoabowlofrice,leavingthemstandingupwards.
2.1.2Spoon
It’smainfuctionisscoopthefoodanddish.Sometimesyoucanusethespoonandchopstickstogethertogetfood,buttrynottoseparetelyusethe
spoontopickupdish.Pleasebecarefulwhenyougetthesoupwithspoonanddon’ttakefullsuopincasethesoupoverflow.Itwillmakeyouclothsandtablegotdirty.Afteryougetthesoup,youcanpauseamomentwhenthesoupisnotfurtherdownstreamandthenmoveitbackandenjoy.Thespoonshouldbeplacedontheplatewhenyoutemporarilynotuseandpleasedon’tputitdirectlyonthetableorinthedish.Andifthefoodyouhavegotistoohot,nottouseaspoontoscoopandscooporblowwithmouth.Youcanputitonyourownbowlfirstandwaitamomentwhenitbecomecool,theneatthem.Alsodon’tusethespoonstuffedintoyoumouthorlickwithyourtonguerepeatedly.
2.1.3Plate
plateismainlyusedforholdingfoodandthefunctionaswellasthebowl.Generallyplatemustbestayedinoneplaceatthedinneranddon’tstackittogether.Weneedtogiveaimportancepresentationfordishplatebecauseofspecialuseful.Themainroleofthedishplateisusedforholdingfoodthattakefromthepublicdishtoenjoy.Pleasedon’tgetmanydisheachtime.Itwillnotonlyappeardisorderbutalsolikeahungryghost.Donotputavarietyofdishesstackedtogether,itwillnotgood-lookingandbecomebadtasteandnotdelicious.Theresidue,bone,gillyounoteatshould’tsplitedonthegroundoronthetablebutshouldbetakenlightyonthefrontofdishplate.Ifthedishplateisfilledwithfood,youaskthewarterforchanging.
2.1.4Cups
It’smanilyusedforholdingwater.Suchassoftdrinks,fruitjuice,colaandothers.Donotuseittoholdwineanddonot turnitover.Inaddition,thedrink
intothemouthcan’tbespritedback.
2.1.5Napkin
Thewaiterpreparedawetnapkcinforyoubeforedinner.It’susedtocleanyouhandsandshouldbeputbackintotheplatethatbetakenbywaiter.Sometimesbeforetheformalendofthebanquet,thewaiteralsobringawetnapkinforyouistowipeyoumouthratherthanface.
2.1.6Toothpick
Trynottopickyouteethinpublic.Whenyouhavetodothatpleasecoveryoumouthwithyourotherhand.Afterpicking,donotholdthetoothpickinyourmouthforlongtime.Andnotuseittotakefood.
2.2ThearrangementforChinesefoodseats
Chineseandwesternpeopleusedifferentarrangementfor tabletotreattheir guests. The different arrangement require different types of table
seating。
InthetraditionalChinesebanquets,peopleusethesquaretable.The
squaretableisalsocalledatraditionalChinesetableforeight.Asitsnameshows,squaretableissquareshapeandcanprovidefoursidesforseating.Eachsidecanhavetwoseatsandeightseatsinall.Theseatsfacingthedoorareconsideredasthehonoredseatsandtheotherseatsareforordinaryguests.Inthebanquet,theguestsofhonorsitonthehonoredseatsandthehostandthehostesssitontheseatsoppositetothem.Theothergueststaketherestseatsinorder.IntheChinesetradition,thesouthisusuallyconsideredasthepositionofhonorwhilethenorthislessfavored.AsaChinesesayinggoes,“theseatofthekingfacesthesouth.”SointheChinesefeast,theseatsfacingthesouthare
usuallysavedfortheimportantguestsortheelderly.BeforetheChinesepeoplegetintotheseatingtheyalwaysdeclinemodestlyabouttheseatsfacingthesouth.
2.3Theuseofwesternmaintableware
2.3.1Knifeandfork
Theforkisheldinyourlefthandandtheknifeisheldinyourright.Youshouldholdyourknifewiththehandleinyourpalm.Atfirstyouholddownthefoodwithafork,thencut it intosmallpieceswithaknife,andthenforkitintoyour mouth. Americanusetheforkinyourlefthandwhilecutting,andthenswitchtorighthandtopickupandeatapiecewhileeuropeansnotchangehands.Theforkisusedtoconveyanysolidfoodtothemouth.Theknifebladeshouldbeplacedontheedgeofyourplatewhennotinuse.Thebladeshouldalwaysfaceinward.Ifthereareanumberofknivesorforks,thenyoushouldstartfromtheoutsidesetaseachcourseisserved.
2.3.2Spoon
Withtherighhandheldthespoonandthefingermustbemaintainedattheendofspoonhandle.Inaddition,pleaseusethespoontogetthesoupanddonotuseittogetotherfood.Whenyouhavefi