Zjglux新托福词汇分类突破71100.docx

Zjglux新托福词汇分类突破71100.docx

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Zjglux新托福词汇分类突破71100

生命是永恒不断的创造，因为在它内部蕴含着过剩的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界限，它不停地追求，以形形色色的自我表现的形式表现出来。

－－泰戈尔

071

Antcolonieshaveelaboratesocialstructuresinwhichthevariousactivitiesnecessaryforthefeeding,shelter,andreproductionofthecolonyaredividedamongspeciallyadaptedindividuals.AntsbelongtoanorderofinsectscalledtheHymenoptera,agroupthatalsoincludesbees,wasps,andsawflies.Somespeciesofwaspsandbeesresembleantsinthattheyliveincoloniesandarethereforesaidtobesocial,butantsaretheonlyhymenopteransinwhicheveryspeciesissocial.Antsaredistinguishedfromotherhymenopteransinthattheyhavebent,orelbowed,antennaeandanindentedabdomenthatformsanarrowwaist.

oelaborate[i5lAbErEt]adj.复杂的

oshelter[5FeltE]n.遮蔽处

oadapted[E5dAptid]adj.适合的

ohymenoptera[7haimi5nCptErE]n.膜翅目

osawfly[5sR:

flai]n.叶蜂

oresemble[ri5zembl]v.类似

ointhat[in][TAt]conj.因为

odistinguish[dis5tiN^wiF]v.区别

obent[bent]adj.弯曲的

oelbowed[5elbEud]adj.像肘一样弯曲的

oantenna[An5tenE]n.触须

oindented[in5dentid]adj.锯齿状的

oabdomen[5AbdEmEn]n.腹部

owaist[weist]n.昆虫腹部的较窄部位

072

Membersofanantcolonytypicallyfallintocategoriesknownascastes,eachwithadifferentrole.Themajorityofcolonymembersarefemaleworkerantsthatareunabletomate.Workerantsdonothavewingsandperformmostoftheworkofthecolony,includingsearchingforfood,nursingyoung,anddefendingthecolonyagainstantsfromothercolonies.Queensarelargerthanworkerantsandaretheonlyfemalesofthecolonycapableofmating.Queensarebornwithwings,whichtheybreakoffaftermating.Theymatewithwingedmaleants,laterusingthespermfromthematingtoproducefertilizedeggs,whichhatchtoproducemoreworkerantsandanewgenerationofqueens.

ocaste[kB:

st]n.有社会组织的昆虫的阶级

omate[meit]v.交配，繁殖

operform[pE5fC:

m]v.执行

onurse[nE:

s]v.看护

ocapableof[5keipEbl][Ev]adj.有能力

osperm[spE:

m]n.精子

ofertilizedegg[5fE:

tElaizd]n.受精卵

ohatch[hAtF]v.孵化

073

Insectsanddiseasesareacontinuingmenacetoforests.Variousinsects,suchasthegypsymoth,thetussockmoth,andthesprucebudworm,devastateextensiveareasbydefoliation.Otherinsectsserveascarriersforthecausativeagentsofdiseasesthatdestroytrees.Parasitictreediseasesmaybecausedbybacteria,fungi,viruses,andnematodes,orbysuchparasiticplantsasthemistletoeordodder.Noninfectiousdiseasesoftreesincludesunscald;droughtinjury;rootdrowning,orsuffocation;nutritionalexcessesordeficiencies;winterinjury;andinjuryfromsmoke,gases,andfumes.

omenace[5menEs]n.威胁

ogypsymoth[5dVipsi][mCW]n.舞毒蛾

otussockmoth[5tQsEk][mCW]n.毒蛾

osprucebudworm[spru:

s][5bQdwE:

m]n.云杉蚜虫

odevastate[5devEsteit]v.糟蹋

odefoliation[7di:

fEuli5eiFEn]n.落叶

ocausativeagent[5kC:

zEtiv][5eidVEnt]n.病原体

obacteria[bAk5tiEriE]n.细菌

ofungi[5fQndVai]n.真菌

ovirus[5vaiErEs]n.病毒

onematode[5nemEtEud]n.线虫

omistletoe[5misltEu]n.槲寄生，一种欧亚寄生灌木

ododder[5dCdE]n.菟丝子

osunscald[5sQnskR:

ld]n.日灼病

odroughtinjury[draut]n.旱害

orootdrowning[ru:

t][5drauniN]n.根部溺死

osuffocation[7sQfE5keiFEn]n.窒息

onutritional[njU:

5triFEnEl]adj.营养的

odeficiency[di5fiFEnsi]n.缺乏

ofume[fju:

m]n.浓烟

074

Birdsaretheonlyanimalswithfeathers,collectivelycalledplumage,althoughsomeotheranimals,suchasinsectsandbats,alsohavewings.Nearlyallbirdscanfly,andevenflightlessbirds,suchasostrichesandpenguins,evolvedfromflyingancestors.Manycharacteristicsandbehaviorsofbirdsaredistinctfromallotheranimals,buttherearesomesimilarities.Likemammals,birdshavefour-chamberedheartsandarewarm-blooded—havingarelativelyconstantbodytemperaturethatenablesthemtoliveinawidevarietyofenvironments.Likereptiles,birdsdevelopfromembryosineggsoutsideofthemother’sbody.

oplumage[5plu:

midV]n.（鸟的）全身羽毛

oostrich[5astritF]n.鸵鸟

openguin[5peN^win]n.企鹅

oancestor[5AnsistE]n.祖先

odistinct[dis5tiNkt]adj.截然不同的

osimilarity[7simE5lArEti]n.相似之处

ochamber[5tFeimbE]n.腔

owarm-blooded[wC:

m5blQdid]adj.恒温的（动物）

oconstant[5kCnstEnt]adj.恒定不变的

oreptile[5reptail]n.爬行动物

oembryo[5embriEu]n.胚胎

075

Themaincomponentoffeathersiskeratin,aflexibleproteinthatalsoformsthehairandfingernailsofmammals.Feathersprovidethestrongyetlightweightsurfaceareaneededforpowered,aerodynamicflight.Theyalsoserveasinsulation,trappingpocketsofairtohelpbirdsconservetheirbodyheat.Thevariedpatterns,colors,textures,andshapesoffeathershelpbirdstosignaltheirage,sex,socialstatus,andspeciesidentitytooneanother.Somebirdshaveplumagethatblendsinwiththeirsurroundingstoprovidecamouflage,helpingthesebirdsescapenoticebytheirpredators.Birdsusetheirbeakstopreentheirfeathers,oftenmakinguseofoilfromaglandatthebaseoftheirtails.Preeningremovesdirtandparasitesandkeepsfeatherswaterproofandsupple.Becausefeathersarenonlivingstructuresthatcannotrepairthemselveswhenwornorbroken,theymustberenewedperiodically.Mostadultbirdsmolt—loseandreplacetheirfeathers—atleastonceayear.

okeratin[5kerEtin]n.角质

oflexible[5fleksEbl]adj.柔韧的

omammal[5mAmEl]n.哺乳动物

oaerodynamic[7eErEudai5nAmik]adj.空气动力学的

oinsulation[7insju5leiFEn]n.绝缘，绝热

otrap[trAp]v.捕捉

oconserve[kEn5sE:

v]v.保存

otexture[5tekstFE]n.质地

osocialstatus[5sEuFEl][5steitEs]n.社会地位

oblendin[blend][in]v.与（环境等）协调

ocamouflage[5kAmEflB:

V]n.伪装

opredator[5predEtE]n.捕食者

obeak[bi:

k]n.喙

opreen[pri:

n]v.（鸟）用嘴整理

ogland[^lAnd]n.腺

otail[teil]n.尾

oparasite[5pArEsait]n.寄生生物

owaterproof[5wC:

tEpru:

f]adj.防水的

osupple[5sQpl]adj.柔软的

oworn[wC:

n]adj.用旧了的，磨破了的

operiodically[7piEri5CdikEli]adj.周期的，定期的

omolt[mEult]v.换毛

076

Birdwingsarehighlymodifiedforelimbswithaskeletalstructureresemblingthatofarms.Theshapeofabird’swingsinfluencesitsstyleofflight,whichmayconsistofgliding,soaring,orflapping.Flightmusclesarelocatedinthechestandareattachedtothewingsbylargetendons.Thebreastbone,alargeboneshapedlikethekeelofaboat,supportstheflightmuscles.

oforelimb[5fC:

lim]n.前肢

oresemble[ri5zembl]v.类似

oglide[^laid]v.滑行

osoar[sC:

]v.翱翔

oflap[flAp]v.振翅飞行

ochest[tFest]n.胸部

otendon[5tendEn]n.腱

obreastbone[5brestbEun]n.胸骨

okeel[ki:

l]n.龙骨：

船的主要结构部件

077

Nearlyallbirdshaveatail,thepairedflightfeathersofwhich,calledrectrices,extendfromthemarginsofabird’stail.Tailsmaybesquare,rounded,pointed,orforked,dependingonthelengthsoftherectricesandthewaytheyterminate.

otail[teil]n.尾

orectrix[5rektriks]n.（plural:

rectirces[5rektrEksiz]）舵羽：

鸟尾巴上主要几支硬羽毛的一支，用于掌握飞行方向

osquare[skweE]adj.正方形的

oforked[5fC:

kt]adj.叉状的

oterminate[5tE:

mineit]v.中止，结束

078

Birdshavetwolegs;thelowerpartofeachlegiscalledthetarsus.Mostbirdshavefourtoesoneachfoot,andinmanybirds,includingallsongbirds,thefirsttoe,calledahallux,pointsbackwards.Birdtoesareadaptedinvariousspeciesforgraspingperches,climbing,swimming,capturingprey,andcarryingandmanipulatingfood.

otarsus[5tB:

sEs]n.跗骨

otoe[tEu]n.趾

osongbird[5sRNbE:

d]n.鸣禽

ohallux[5hAlEks]n.（鸟）后趾,（人）大拇趾

oadapted[E5dAptid]adj.适合的

operch[pE:

tF]n.栖木：

供鸟栖息的枝条

omanipulate[mE5nipjuleit]v.处理

079

Insteadofheavyjawswithteeth,modernbirdshavetoothless,lightweightjaws,calledbeaksorbills.Theeyesofbirdsareprotectedbythreeeyelids:

anupperlidresemblingthatofhumans,alowerlidthatcloseswhenabirdsleeps,andathirdlid,calledanictitatingmembrane,thatsweepsacrosstheeyesideways,startingfromthesidenearthebeak.Thislidisathin,translucentfoldofskinthatmoistensandcleanstheeyeandprotectsitfromwindandbrightlight.

ojaw[dVC:

]n.颚

obeak[bi:

k]n.喙

obill[bil]n.啄

oeyelid[5ailid]n.眼睑

onictitatingmembrane[5niktiteitiN][5membrein]n.瞬膜：

鸟类、爬行动物和一些哺乳动物的内生透明眼睑，闭上可保护和滋润眼睛

otranslucent[trAnz5lu:

snt]adj.半透明的

omoisten[5mCisn]v.使潮湿

080

Forbreeding,mostbirdsbuildnests,whichhelpthemtoincubate,orwarm,thedevelopingeggs.Nestssometimesoffercamouflagefrompredatorsandphysicalprotectionfromtheelements.Nestsmaybeelaborateconstructionsoramerescrapeontheground.

obreed[bri:

d]v.繁殖；育种

onest[nest]n.巢

oincubate[5inkjubeit]v.孵化

ocamouflage[5kAmEflB:

V]n.伪装

oelement[5elEmEnt]n.环境

oelaborate[i5lAbErEt]adj.精心制作的

oscrape[skreip]n.浅坑

081

Amongthebest-knownbirdsarethebirdsofprey.Some,includinghawks,eagles,andfalcons,areactiveduringthedaytime.Others,notablyowls,arenocturnal,oractiveatnight.Birdsofpreyhavehookedbeaks,strongtalonsorclawsontheirfeet,andkeeneyesightandhearing.Scavengersthatfeedondeadanimalsarealsoconsideredbirdsofprey.

obirdofprey[bE:

d][Ev][prei]n.猛禽，食肉鸟

ohawk[hC:

k]n.鹰

ofalcon[5fAlkEn]n.隼

oowl[aul]n.猫头鹰

onocturnal[nCk5tE:

nl]adj.夜间的

obeak[bi:

k]n.喙

otalon[5tAlEn]n.爪

oscavenger[5skAvindVE]n.食腐动物

082

Migratingbirdsuseavarietyofcuestofindtheirway.Theseincludethepositionsofthesunduringthedayandthestarsatnight;theearth’smagneticfield;andvisual,olfactory,andauditorylandmarks.

omigrate[5mai^reit]v.迁徙

ocue[kju:

]n.提示

omagneticfield[mA^5netik][fi:

ld]n.磁场

oolfactory[Cl5fAktEri]adj.嗅觉的

oauditory[5C:

dEtEri]adj.听觉的

083

Exceptincombinationssuchaswaterfowlandwildfowl,inmode