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全套考研英语二真题和答案解析详解
专业整理
2014年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语
（二）试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.（10points）
Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weight
peopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoare
overweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually
___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.
Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficult
todefine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI___7__bodymass
dividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsidered
tobenormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.
Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andvery
severelyobese.
Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablyless
amatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremely
fit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Forexample,manycollegiateand
professionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.
Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.
Todaywehavea（an）_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharbor
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biases
against
the
obese._17_very
youngchildren
tendtolookdownontheoverweight,
andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.
1.
[A]denied[
B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured
2.
[
A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome
3.
[A]Instead[B]However[
C]Likewise[D]Therefore
4.
[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin
[D]example
5.
[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance
[D]concern
6.
[A]intermsof[B]incaseof
[C]infavorof[D]inof
7.
[A]measures
[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies
8.
[A]inessence
[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart
9.
[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable
[D]straightforward
10.
[A]so
[B]
unlike[C]since[D]unless
11.
[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste
12.
[A]start[B]quality[C]retire
[D]
stay
13.
[A]strange[B]changeable
[C]normal[D]constant
14.
[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity
[D]tendency
15.
[A]employed
[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored
16.
[A][B]combined
[C]settled[D]associated
17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only
18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded
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19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies
20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.（40points）
Text1
Whatwouldyoudowith590m?
ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhistory.Ifshehopesher
new-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabethDumnandMichaelNorton.
Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnew
becomesold-hat;regretcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingto
thecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmoreconnectedtoothers.
Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslottery
winnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbe
betteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriends
andfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision（somethingtheaverageAmericanspends
awhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit）.Buyinggiftsor
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givingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,and
luxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.Thisisapparently
thereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib-amarketing
trickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.
Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearly
aprivileged
lot,
anxious
about
fulfillment,
nothunger.Moneymaynot
quite
buyhappiness,
but
people
inwealthier
countries
are
generallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodand
spendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,
andscarcity
enhances
the
pleasureofmostthings
for
mostpeople.
Noteveryone
will
agreewith
the
authors
’policy
ideas,
which
rangefrom
mandating
moreholiday
time
toreducing
tax
incentives
for
American
homebuyers.
But
mostpeople
will
comeaway
fromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent
。
21.AccordingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?
[A]Abighouse
[B]Aspecialtour
[C]Astylishcar
[D]Arichmeal
22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis
[A]critical
[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic
[D]ambiguous
23.Macribismentionedinparagraph3toshowthat
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[A]consumersaresometimesirrational
[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality
[C]marketingtricksareaftereffective
[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure
24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney
[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism
[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheus[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto
[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries
[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent
[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries
Text2
AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsays
that,actually,youthinkyou’remorebeautiful
needtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturally
thanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seated
employanumberofself-enhancing
strategiestoresearchintowhatthecallthe“aboveaverageeffect”,or“illusory
superiority”,andshownthat,forexample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverage
inleadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviously
statisticalimpossibilities.
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Werosetintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-affirmingsituations.We
becomedefensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboost
ourownesteem,westalkaroundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.
Psychologist
andbehavioral
scientist
Nicholas
Epley
oversaw
akeystudying
into
self-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheir
beautycompresswithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghof
themselves
’from
alineup
including
versions
that
hadbeenaltered
toappearmore
andlessattractive.Visualrecognition,readsthestudy,is
“anautomatic
psychological
process
occurring
rapidly
andintuitively
withlittle
orno
apparent
conscious
deliberation
”.Ifthesubjects
quickly
choseafalsely
flattering
image-
whichmustdid-theygenuinely
believed
itwasreallyhowtheylooked.Epleyfound
nosignificant
gender
difference
in
responses.
Norwasthereanyevidencethat,
those
whoself-enhance
themust（that
is,
theparticipants
whothought
the
mostpositively
doctoredpicturewerereal）weredoingso
tomakeupfor
profoundinsecurities.In
factthose
whothought
that
the
imageshigher
uptheattractiveness
scale
werereal
directlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigher
self-esteem.
“I
don’tthink
thefindingsthatwehavinghave
are
anyevidenceof
personaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It
thinkingwellofthemselves’.Ifyou
KnowingtheresultsofEpley‘sstudy,it
ofthemselvesViscerally-ononelevel,
’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerally
aredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.
makessensethatwhypeopleheatphotographs
theydon’tevenrecognisethepersoninthe
pictureasthemselves,Facebooktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,where
peoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheir
wit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyleit’snotthatpeople’sprofilesare
dishonest,sayscatalinatomaofWiscon—Madisonuniversity,”buttheyportrayan
idealizedversionofthemselves.
26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat
______.
[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh
[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect
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[C]ourne
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