考研英语一真题和答案解析.docx

考研英语一真题和答案解析.docx

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考研英语一真题和答案解析

2011年考研英语一试题及参考答案

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But_____someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfilnessLaughterdoes_____short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,____heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto____,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave_____benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

____,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe____,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter.muscles,

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp____theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof______feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.______oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted_______physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry______theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhentetearsbegintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalso_______tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow_____muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritz.

1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like

2.[A]reflect[B]demend[C]indicate[D]produce

3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe

5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable

6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief

7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected

8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]morderate[D]enhance

10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subcinscious[D]intermal

11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because

14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]supresses

15.[A]into[B]form[C]towards[D]beyond

16.[A]fecth[B]form[C]pick[D]hold

17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similatly[D]Conversely

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readingthefollowingfourstexts.AnswerthequestionbeloweachtextbyChoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

ThedecisionoftheNewYorkphilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast“Hooray!

Atlast!

”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic

Oneofthereasonwhytheappiontmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilberiscommparativelylittleknownEvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatsemmslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintprwise

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,beperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcomposition,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeramddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicformiTumes

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theeatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecorsedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingarecheap,availableeverwhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilytyofsuchrecordinghasthusbroughtaboutactisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalcouncert

Onepossiblereponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattravtivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecors.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:

AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhiharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?

Merely,expandingtheorchestra’srepertorrewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthrPhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’aolderestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

21.WelearnfromPara1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas

[A]incuredcriticism

[B]raisedsuspicion

[C]raceivedacclaim

[D]aroundcuriousity

22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

[A]influential

[B]modest

[C]respectable

[D]talented

23.Theautherbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

[A]ingoretheexpenseofliveperformance

[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformance

[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformanc

[D]overestimatethevarietyofliveperformance

24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninterrortoliveconcertsinquality

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegenralpublic

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic

[D]Theyhaveonlyconveredmasterpieces

25.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalixingthePhilharmonic,theauthirfeels

[A]doubtful

[B]enthusisastic

[C]confident

[D]puzzled

Text2

WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexpanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleavingtopresuemygoalofrunningacompany,broadcastinghisambition"wasverymuchmydecision,"McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

MaGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetorefectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn'talone.InrecentweekstheNO.2executivesAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsebusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEoturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKrnFerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey,"Ican'tthinkofasinglesearchI'vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst."

Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven'talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiedexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCItigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstiturionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadon."Thetraditionalrulewasit'ssafertostaywhereyouare,buthat'sbeenfundamentallyinverted,"saysoneheadhunter."Thepeoplewho'vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho'vestayedtoolong"

26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing（）

A.ArrogantB.frankC.self-centeredD.impulsive

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,seniorexecutivesquittingmaybespurredby（）

A.theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus

B.theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife

C.theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards

D.theirpursuitofnewcareergoals

28.Theword"poached"（Line3,Paragraph4）mostprobablymeans（）

A.approvedofB.attendedtoC.huntedforD.guardedagainst

29.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）

A.topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts

B.loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated

C.topperformerscaremoreaboutreputations

D.it'ssafertosticktothetraditionalrules.

30.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.CEOs:

wheretoGO?

B.CEOs:

AlltheWayUp?

C.TopmanagersJumpwithoutaNet

D.TheOnlywayoutforTopPerformers

Text3

Theroughguidetomarketingsuccessusedtobethatyougotwhatyoupaidfor.Nolonger.Whiletraditional"paid"media-suchastelevisioncommercialsandprintadvertisements-stillplayamajorrole,companiestodaycanexploitmanyalternativeformsofmedia.Consumerspassionateaboutaproductmaycreate"owned"mediabysendinge-mailalertsaboutproductsandsalestocustomersregisteredwithitsWebesite.Thewayconsumenrs