考研英语真题.docx

考研英语真题.docx

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考研英语真题

2002年

SectionⅠListeningComprehension

（略）

SectionⅡUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEETⅠ.（10points）

Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened（21）Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot（22）the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic（23）,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe（24）oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution（25）up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading（26）throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures（27）the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane]Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin（28）.

Itisimportanttodoso.Itisgenerallyrecognized,（29）,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,（30）bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,（31）itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately（32）.Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame"personal"too,aswellas（33）,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage（34）increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople,（35）generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch（36）.

Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm"informationsociety"begantobewidelyusedtodescribethe（37）withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas（38）bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeen（39）viewaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications."Benefits"havebeenweighed（40）"harmful"outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.

21.[A]between[B]before[C]since[D]later

22.[A]after[B]by[C]during[D]until

23.[A]means[B]method[C]medium[D]measure

24.[A]process[B]company[C]light[D]form

25.[A]gathered[B]speeded[C]worked[D]picked

26.[A]on[B]out[C]over[D]off

27.[A]of[B]for[C]beyond[D]into

28.[A]concept[B]dimension[C]effect[D]perspective

29.[A]indeed[B]hence[C]however[D]therefore

30.[A]brought[B]followed[C]stimulated[D]characterized

31.[A]unless[B]since[C]lest[D]although

32.[A]apparent[B]desirable[C]negative[D]plausible

33.[A]institutional[B]universal[C]fundamental[D]instrumental

34.[A]ability[B]capability[C]capacity[D]faculty

35.[A]bymeansof[B]intermsof[C]withregardto[D]inlinewith

36.[A]deeper[B]fewer[C]nearer[D]smaller

37.[A]context[B]range[C]scope[D]territory

38.[A]regarded[B]impressed[C]influenced[D]effected

39.[A]competitive[B]controversial[C]distracting[D]irrational

40.[A]above[B]upon[C]against[D]with

SectionⅢReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyouranswerson4NSWERSHEETI.（40points）

Text1

Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentifysharedexperiencesandproblems.Yourhumormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelptoshowthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywiththeirpointofview.Dependingonwhomyouareaddressing,theproblemswillbedifferent.Ifyouaretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.

Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses'convention,of'astorywhichworkswellbecausetheaudienceallsharedthesameviewofdoctors.AmanarrivesinheavenandisbeingshownaroundbySt.Peter.Heseeswonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalissuddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorashestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodandstompsovertoatablebyhimself."Whoisthat?

"thenewarrivalaskedSt.Peter."Oh,that'sGod,"camethereply,"butsometimeshethinkshe'sadoctor."

Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowtheexperiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoall-ofyouandit'llbeappropriateforyoutomakeapassingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodor

thechairman'snotoriousbadtasteinties.Withotheraudiencesyoumustn'tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparagingremarksabouttheircanteenortheirchairman~YouwillbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoatslikethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.

Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,youmustpracticesothatitbecomesmorenatural.Includeafewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforcedmanner.Oftenit'sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthataraisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.

Lookforthehumor.Itoftencomesfromtheunexpected.Atwistonafamiliarquote"Ifatfirstyoudon'tsucceed,giveup"oraplayonwordsoronasituation.Searchforexaggerationandunderstatements.Lookatyourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutandinjectwithhumor.

41.Tomakeyourhumorwork,youshould______.

[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience

[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople

[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople

[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners

42.Thejokeaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare______.

[A]impolitetonewarrivals

[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole

[C]entitledtosomeprivileges

[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours

43.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthatpublicservices______.

[A]havebenefitedmanypeople

[B]arethefocusofpublicattention

[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor

[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock

44.Toachievethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered______.

[A]inwell-wordedlanguage

[B]asawkwardlyaspossible

[C]inexaggeratedstatements

[D]ascasuallyaspossible

45.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe______.

[A]UseHumorEffectively

[B]VariousKindsofHumor

[C]AddHumortoSpeech

[D]DifferentHumorStrategies

Text2

Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics-thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

Asaresult,themodemworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmof'robotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy-fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves-goalsthatposearealchallenge."Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,"saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,"Wecan'tyetgivearobotenoughcommonsensetoreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld."

Indeedthequestfortreeartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain'sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented-andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated-thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan'tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon'tknowquitehowwedoit.

46.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin______.

[A]theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

[B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

[C]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

[D]theelite'scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

47.Theword"gizmos"（Line1,Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans______.

[A]programs[B]experts[C]devices[D]creatures

48.Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman'sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan______.

[A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery[B]interactwithhumanbeingsverbally

[C]hav