高中英语教学论文 美国文学总结归纳.docx

高中英语教学论文 美国文学总结归纳.docx

《高中英语教学论文 美国文学总结归纳.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语教学论文 美国文学总结归纳.docx（72页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

高中英语教学论文美国文学总结归纳

Thefirstlecture

1.AgenerallookattheAmericanliterature

PhasesofthehistoryofAmericanliterature:

1）ColonialAmerica----the17thcenturyfromthesettlementofNorthAmericaintheearlyseventeenthcenturythroughtheendofit.

2）Reasonandrevolution----the18thcentury

3）Romanticism----thefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,tilltheCivilWar（1861-1865）

4）Realism----fromthecivilwartilltheearlyperiodof19thcentury（1861—1918）

5）Modernism----from1918-1945

6）Contemporaryliterature----startingwith1945

2.HistoricalintroductionoftheliteratureofColonialAmerica

1）IndiansweremigrantsformeasternSiberiaandmightbelongtotheMongoloidpeoples.TheytraveledintotheNewWorldmorethan20,000yearsago.

2）AboutA.D.1000,NorsemenfromnorthernEuropehappenedonAmerican,buttheircontactdidnotexertatremendousinfluenceintheworldatthattime.In1492,thedateofthediscoveryofAmerica,Columbussailedhere.

3）ThefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericawasestablishedatJamestown,VirginiainMay14,1607.

4）In1620,Mayflowerwith102passengerssailedtoMassachusetts.Theywerethefirstgroupofpuritans

5）Alargenumberofthesettlersthemselveslefthomeinthefirstyearsofthe17thcenturyinearnestquestofanidealoftheirown.Itistruethattheywishedtoescapereligiouspersecution----andtheEnglishgovernmentregardeditsAmericancolonyasanidealdumpinggroundfortheundesirables,buttheywerealsodeterminedtofindaplacewheretheycouldworshipinthewaytheythoughttrueChristiansshould.Whentheyarrivedandsawthevirginforests,thevirginland,andthevastexpanseofwildernessthatstretchedmilesaroundbeforethem,theybecameawarethatGodmusthavesentthemthereforadefinitepurposetoreestablishacommonwealthbasedontheteachingsoftheBible,restorethelostparadise,andbuildthewildernessintoanewGardenofEden.

3.Puritanthoughts

1）AmericanPuritanismwasoneofthemostenduringshapinginfluencesinAmericanthoughtandAmericanliterature

IthasbecomesomuchapartofthenationalculturalatmospherethattheAmericansbreathe,that,withoutsomeunderstandingofPuritanism,therecanbenorealunderstandingofAmericancultureandliterature.

2）Theyacceptedthedoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandtotaldepravity,andlimitedatonementthroughaspecialinfusionofgracefromGod.

3）ThePuritansdreamedoflivingunderaperfectorderandworkedwithcourageandconfidenthopetowardbuildinganewGardenofEdeninAmerica,wheremancouldatlonglastlivethewayheshould.

Firedwithsuchasenseofmission,thePuritanslookedeventheworstoflifeinthefacewithatremendousamountofoptimism.AndthiswenttothemakingofAmericanliterature.

4.ThefirstAmericanwriter--JohnSmith（1580-1631）

1）Life

HewasEnglandadventurerandoneofthechieffoundersofthefirstpermanentsettlementinNorthAmerica,thecolonyofJamestown.

In1604,hecametoknowagroupofpeoplewhowerereadytogotonorthernAmericatoestablishcoloniesthereafterreturningtoEnglandfromRussia.TheylandedonMay14,1607,andsoonhebecametheleaderofthenewly-establishedcolony,andoneyearlaterhebecamethegovernor.

HewasoncecapturedbyIndians,whosechiefwasPowhatan（波瓦坦）,butwasrescuedbythefamousIndianprincess,Pocahontas,thedaughterofthechief.Andthisstorybecomesalegend.

2）Writings

ATrueRelationofSuchOccurancesandAccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiaSincetheFirstPlantingofThatColony（in1608）（《殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚开拓以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》

AMapofVirginia:

withaDescriptionoftheCountry（in1612）（《弗吉尼亚地图:

一个乡村的描述》）

GeneralHistoryofVirginia（1624）（《弗吉尼亚通史》）

HiswritingsaboutAmericabecamethesourceofinformationabouttheNewWorldforlatersettlers.Andhisnarrativesrevealtheearlysettlers’visionofthenewlandassomethingcapableofbeingbuiltintoanewGardenofEden.

Thesecondlecture

1.ReasonandRevolution

HistoricalIntroduction

Peopleareindustrious,naturalresourcesarerichandeconomydeveloped.Fastdevelopingeconomywillinfluencepolitics.Economyaskedforpoliticalrights.

EnglishrulingclassmadehugeprofitsoutofAmericancolonies.Laboringpeoplesuffered.Eventhemerchantsandmanufacturersdidsufferbecausebuyingandsellingweremonopolized.Southslave-ownersweredissatisfiedwiththeBritishasthepriceoftobaccoandcottontheyproducedwasfixed.

1764,SugarAct.1765,StampAct.Tolevytaxoneverything.

Clasheswereunavoidable.InApril,1775,someBritishtroopsweresenttoLexingtonandConcord,smalltowns30milesfromBoston,todisarmthemilitiamen.Thefirstshot.

In1783,colonieswonindependence.

In1787,theConstitutionpassed.

2.BenjaminFranklin（1706-1790）

1）Life

Bornin1760intoapoorcandle-maker’sfamily–“poorandobscure”.Hehadlittleeducationbuthewasavoraciousreader.

Whenstillveryyoung,heapprenticedtohisolderhalf-brother,aprinter,andbeganat16,topublishessaysunderthepseudonym,SilenceDogood.

At17,heranawaytoPhiladelphiatomakehisownfortuneandsethimselfupasanindependentprinterandpublisher.

Asascientist.Hismanyinventions,besidesthelightningrod,includedtheFranklinstove,bifocalglasses,aminiatureprintingpressandevenastrangemusicalinstrumentcalled“armonica.”Hecontributedtothetheoriesofelectricityandfirstappliedtheterms“positive”and“negative”toelectricalcharges.

Asastatesman.HewastheonlyAmericantosighthefourdocumentsthatcreatedtheUnitedStates:

theDeclarationofIndependence,thetreatyofalliancewithFrance,thetreatyofpeacewithEngland,andtheconstitution.

2）BourgeoisEnlightenment

ThespirituallifeinthecoloniesduringthisperiodwastoagreatdegreemoldedbythebourgeoisEnlightenment–amovementsupportedbyallprogressiveforcesofthecountrywhichopposedthemselvestotheoldcolonialorderandreligiousobscurantism.TherepresentativesoftheEnlightenmentsetthemselvesthetaskofdisseminatingknowledgeamongthepeopleandadvocatingrevolutionaryideas.

AmericanEnlightenmentdealtadecisiveblowuponthepuritantraditionsandbroughttolifeseculareducationandliterature.ThewritersoftheEnlightenmentinjectedaninvigoratingveinintotheEnglishlanguageinAmericansastheyaimedatclarityandprecisionoftheirwritings.

3）Writings

PoorRichard’sAlmanac（《格言历书》《穷理查德的警句》）

TheAutobiography（《自传》）

4）PoorRichard’sAlmanac

Hekeptwritingitforalmostaquarterofacentury.Apartfrompoemsandessays,hemanagedtoputinagoodmanyaxiomsandcommonsensewitticismswhichbecame,veryquickly,householdwordsandmottoesofthemostpracticalkind.

“Losttimeisneverfoundagain.”

“Apennysavedisapennyearned.”

“Godhelpthemthathelpthemselves.”

“Earlytobed,andearlytorise,makesamanhealthy,wealthy,andwise.”

Thoseandmanyothersimilarstatementsfilledthealmanac,andtaughtasmuchasamused.

5）TheAutobiographyofBenjaminFranklin

Afascinatingrecordofamanrisingtowealthandfamefromastateofpovertyintowhichhewasborn,afaithfulaccountofthecolorfulcareerofAmerica’sfirstself-mademan.

APuritandocument.ItisPuritanbecauseitisarecordofself-examinationandself-improvement,andaconvincingillustrationofthePuritanethicthat,inordertogetonintheworldonehastobeindustrious,frugal,andprudent.Franklintoldhimselfandhisfellowmenthatforthatcenturymoderationandtemperancewereamongthebestvirtuesofman.

ItisalsoaneloquentelucidationofthefactthatFranklinwasaspokesmanfortheneworderofeighteenth-centuryenlightenment,andthatherepresentedinAmericaallitsideas,thatmanisbasicallygoodandfreebynatureendowedbyGodwithcertaininalienablerightsoflibertyandthepursuitofhappiness.

Thethirdlecture

TheLiteratureofRomanticism

1.Historicalintroduction

1）Politicalreview

GeorgeWashington

ThomasJefferson（1800-1808）

DuringthetwoadministrationsofJefferson,therelationsbetweenU.S.andBritainwerebecomingworse.

TheBritishwerenotreconciledtothelossoftheirthirteencolonies.Jeffersonhadtotakesomeactions,buthehadtotrytoavoidwarasheknewtheU.S.wasill-prepared.

Madison

In1812,MadisonaskedCongresstodeclarewaronBritain,andthewarbrokeout.ThewarlastedforthreeyearsandendedinanotherAmericanvictoryovertheBritish.

Thiswarhasoneimportantresult–thestrengtheningofnationalunityandpatriotism.AnditwasonlyafterthisthattheUnitedStateswasabletoeffectthechangeofasemi-colonialeconomyintoareallyindependentnationaleconomy.

JamesMonroe（1816-1824）

In1823,PresidentMonroeannouncedhisforeignpolicywhichhascometobeknownastheMonroeDoctrine.ThemainideaofthedoctrinewasthatEuropeannationsshouldnotestablishnewcoloniesintheWesternHemisphere;EuropeannationsshouldnotinterveneintheaffairsofindependentnationsoftheNewWorld;andtheUnitedStateswouldnotinterfereintheaffairsofEuropeannations.

2）Territorialexpansion

In1780s,theAmericangovernmentpassedsomelawstoencouragepeopletomovetothefrontierregionbetweentheMississippiandtheOhiorivers.

May2,1803,theacquisitionofLouisiana（NewOrleans）

1845,annexedTexas

1846,theOregonterritorysettlementbetweenBritainandtheU.S.

1846,waronMexico.ThestatesofCalifornia,NewMexicoandArizonabecamepartoftheUnitedStates.

3）Economicchanges

Inthesouth,sla