英语高中英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题.docx

英语高中英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题.docx

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英语高中英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题

【英语】高中英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题

一、高中英语阅读理解

1•阅读理解

Durian（榴莲）isprobablythesmelliestfruitintheworld,lettingoutanunusualunpleasantsmellwhichwouldmakeanyonebringup.However,nobodywasawareofwhatgavethisfruititsuniquesmell,soateamofresearchersfromSingaporedecidedtotakealookatitsgenome（基因组）andfindout,

Durianiswell-knownthroughoutSoutheastAsiaasthekingoffruits,mostlybecauseofitsawfulappearaneeandsmell.However,theoriginofthisunpleasantsmellwasunknown,soresearchersdecidedtomapthegenomeofthefruit,andfindthegenethatcontrolledit.Agroupofgenes,volatilesulfurcompounds（含硫化合物）,becameveryactiveinthefruit,andtheywerefoundresponsibleforresultingintheunpleasantsmell.

Thefruitconfuseseveryonewithasulfuricsmell,likerottenonionsandingredients.Thesmelllastslong,mostlybecausethefruitcontainsmorevolatilesulfurcompounds.Otherspeciesusuallybenefitfromtwogenecopiesatmost,butdurianhasfour,leadingtothestrikingsmell.

However,thissmellmightbeanadvantagefordurianinthewild.Althoughwefinditunpleasant,manyanimalsmightbeattractedbyit.Iftheyeatthefruit,thentheycaneasilyspreaditsseedseverywhere,thuscontributingtothedistributionofthespecies.

Themappingoftheduriangenomealsoshowedsomeotherinformationonthespecies.Firstofall,thefruithasanimpressivenumberofgenes,namely46,000.Also,withthehelpofthesegenes,theysawhowitevolved,anddiscovereditwasrelatedtothecacaotree.AlltheotherdiscoverieshavebeenpublishedinthejournalNatureGenetics.

Despitethestrikingsmell,manypeopleactuallyenjoyeatingthefruit.However,notalldurianspeciesareedible,andsomeofthemmayevencausedamagetoourhealth,Evenso,thefruitisoftenimported,significantlycontributingtotheeconomy.

（1）Whatgivedurianitsuniquesmell?

A.Onionsnearby.B.Twogenecopies.

C.Rotteningredientsinit.D.Volatilesulfurcompounds.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolved”inParagraph5probablymean?

A.Developed.B.Escaped.C.Predicted.D.Tolerated.

（3）Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A.Nobirdsenjoyeatingdurian.B.Duriancanbeplantedallovertheworld.

C.Someofdurianspeciescannotbeeaten.D.Durianhasnorelationshipwiththecacao

tree.

（4）What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A.What'sDurian?

B.TheInflueneeoftheSmell

C.TheDistributionofDurianD.TheMysteryoftheUnpleasantSmellofDurian

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，新加坡的研究者找出导致水果有难闻气味的原因就是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物非常活跃，这种气味对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动物来吃这种水果，同时传播种子。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“soesearchersdecidedtomapthegenomeofthefruit,

andfindthegenethatcontrolledit.Agroupofgenes,volatilesulfurcompounds（含硫化合物）,

becameveryactiveinthefruit,andtheywerefoundresponsibleforresultingintheunpleasantsmell.可知，研究人员找到一组基因一一挥发性硫化合物（South-Type），在水果中非常活

跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。

故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。

通过基因图，

发现了这种水果的基因庞大，有46000条基因。

在这些基因的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的

基因如何演变的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。

A项develop使进化”与划线词evolved是

同义词。

故选A。

⑶考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“notalldurianspeciesareedible,andsomeofthemmay

evencausedam6.agetoourhealth,可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可以吃的。

由此可推断出选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。

新加坡的研究者决定来查明原因。

最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。

由此可知，本文最好的题目应该是榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合，故选Do

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2•阅读理解

Astudyshowedthattheexperienceschildrenhaveintheirfirstfewyearsareimportant.Theseexperiencesaffectthedevelopmentofthebrain.Whenchildrenreceivemoreattention,theyoftenhavehigherIQs.Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.Thereareahundredtrillion（万亿［connectionsinthebrainofathree-year-oldchild.

ResearcherJuditGervaintestedhowgoodnewbornsareatdistinguishingdifferentsoundpatterns.Herresearchersproducedimagesofthebrainsofbabiesastheyhearddifferentsoundpatterns.Forexample,oneorderwasmu-ba-ba.Thisisthepattern"A-B-B".Anotherorderwasmu-ba-ge.Thisisthepattern-B-C".TAeimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsible

forspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthediffereneebetweendifferentpatterns.Theyalsoweresensitivetowhereitoccurredintheorder.

Gervainisexcitedbythesefindingsbecausetheorderofsoundsisthebuildingblockofwordsandgrammar."Positioniskeytolanguage,"shesays."Ifsomethingisatthebeginningorattheend,itmakesabigdifferenee:

Johncaughtthebear.'isverydifferentfrom'ThebearcaughtJohn.'"

ResearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthatIanguagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones—nomatterhoweducational—doesn'tappeartobe

enoughforchildren'sbraindevelopment.Theycarriedoutastudyofnine-month-oldAmericanbabies.Theyexpectedthefirstgroupwho'dwatchedvideosinChinesetoshowthesamekindoflearningasthesecondgroupwhowerebroughtface-to-facewiththesamesounds.Insteadtheyfoundahugedifferenee.ThebabiesinthesecondgroupwereabletodistinguishbetweensimilarChinesesoundsaswellasnativelisteners.Buttheotherbabies—regardlessofwhethertheyhadwatchedthevideoorlistenedtotheaudio—learnednothing.

（1）Whatmakesconnectionsinababy'sbrain?

A.HavingahigherIQ.B.Experiencingnewinformation.

C.Thebaby'earlyage.D.Theconnectionwithotherbabies.

（2）WhatdidJuditGervainandherteamfindintheexperiment?

A.Babiesidentifydifferentsoundpatterns.

B.Wordorderisrelevanttomeaning.

C.Babiescanwellunderstanddifferentwords.

D.AcertainbrainregionprocessesIanguage.

（3）WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph3?

A.GrammarisimportantinlearningIanguages.

B.Differentordershavedifferentmeanings.

C.Differentlanguageshavedifferentgrammar.

D.Wordshavedifferentsounds.

（4）WhatisthemainconclusionfromthestudyledbyPatriciaKuhl?

A.Babiesshouldn'twatchalotoftelevision.

B.ListeningtodifferentIanguagesdevelopsbabies'brain.

C.ForeignIanguageshelpbabies'braindevelop.

D.Socialcommunicationimprovesbabies'braindevelopment.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章，介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要，而媒

介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显，最有效的是面对面语言输入。

（1）纟田节理解题。

根据第一段Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,

whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.可知，婴儿接收至U不同信息，可

以让大脑不同部分形成连接，故选B。

（2）推理判断题。

根据第二段Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsibleforspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthedifferencebetweendifferentpatterns.可知，实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式，故选A。

（3）句意猜测题。

根据第三段"Ifsomethingisatthebeginningorattheend,itmakesabigdifference:

'Johncaughtthebear.'isverydifferentfrom'ThebearcaughtJohn.'可知，有些东西

放在句首和句尾，会有很大的不同，比如John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John,意思是不一

样的，可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很重要的，顺序不同，意思不同，故选B。

（4）推理判断题。

根据最后一段ResearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthat

languagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones－nomatterhoweducational－doesn'tappeartobeenoughforchildren'sbraindevelopment.可知,通过电视、网络等媒介的语言教学,对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的,并且后面的实验表明,面对面的语言输入才有效,故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查,是一篇说明类阅读,要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼）,然后以此为线索,运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：

段落、语句,仔细品味,同时根据上下文进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Payingahigherpricethanusualforatickettoseeafilmin3Distheannoyanceofmanyacinema-goer'slife.

Buttheremaybeabenefittodoingso,asastudyhasfoundthat3Dfilmsexercisethebrain

andimproveshort-termfunctioninginasimilarwaytobrain-trainingtests.

Theresearchfoundthatpeoplewhowatchedamoviein3Dimprovedcognitive（认知）skills,comparedtothosewhowatcheditin2D.

Theresearchwasledbyneuroscientist（神经学家）DrPatrickFaganfromGoldsmithsUniversityinLondon.Morethan100peopletookpartintheexperiment,whereparticipantswatchedDisneyfilmBigHero6ineitherstandardformatorRealD3D.

Theyalsocarriedoutabrain-training-styletestbeforeandafterseeingasectionfromthefilm.

Thetestcoveredmemory,reactiontimesandcognitivefunctionandtheresultswerecomparedlater.

Accordingtotheresearch,whichwascarriedoutinpartnershipwithsciencegroupThrillLaboratory,participantsexperienceda23percentincreaseincognitiveprocessing,aswellasan11percentincreaseinreactiontimes.

DrFagansaidthattheresultsshowedenoughofanimprovementinbrainfunctiontosuggestthat3Dcouldplayapartinimprovingbrainpowerinthefuture.

"Thesefindingsaremoresignificantthanyoumightthink,"hesaid."Itisafactthatpeoplearelivinglongerandthereisanoticeabledeclineincognitivebrainfunctioninoldagewhichcanworsenfuturequalityoflife.Therehasneverbeenabettertimetolookatwaystoimprovebrainfunction.Theinitialresultsofthisstudyshowthat3Dfilmsmaypotentiallyplayaroleinslowingthisdecline."

Asecondpartoftheexperimentinvolvedthosewatchingthefilmbeingfittedwithheadsetsthatscannedbrainactivityandthistooshowedheightened（加强的）activitywhenwatching3D.Accordingtotheresults,participantsweresevenpercentmoreengagedwithwhattheywerewatching,addingtoargumentthat3Dmoviesaremorelikewatchingreal-life—somethingProfessorBrendanWalkerfromThrillLaboratoryagreedwith.

"AsProfessorBrendanWalke