高考英语考前刷题大卷练五.docx

高考英语考前刷题大卷练五.docx

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高考英语考前刷题大卷练五

刷题大卷练（五）

第一部分　阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节　（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

[2019·烟台高考诊断性测试]

Dogsandhumanshavebeenlivingsidebysideforabout15000years,buttherearetonsoffactsaboutdogsthatperhapswehaveneverheardof.

Nightvision

Dogshavegoodnightvision.Theirlargepupilsletmorelightinandtherods（视杆细胞）workbetterinpoorlight.Butthebiggestfactoristhetapetum（反光组织）,whichreflectslightatthebackoftheeye.Besides,dogs'whiskers（胡须）alsohelpthem“see”inthedarkbecausetheypickuponverysmallchangesinair,providingdogswithinformationaboutthesize,shape,andspeedofthingsnearby.

Secrettailcode

Dogscanusetheirtailstocommunicate.Theywagtheirtailstotherightwhentheyarerelaxedorhappy,andtotheleftwhennervousorthreatened.Whenthey'reaggressive,thetailswillstickstraightupintheair.Abroadwagisfriendlywhileaslowwagisneutral,neitherexcitednoranxious.

Dreams

Weoftenseeadog'sbodymakingsuddenmovementsinitssleep.Dogshavethesamebrainwavepatternsashumans'whiletheyareasleep,sotheydreamjustlikewedo.

Supernose

Dogscanfindtheirwayhomedespitelongdistances.Theirnosesareavitalpartoftheirincrediblesenseofdirection.Thepartofadog'sbrainthatcontrolssmellis40timeslargerthanhumans'.They'reabletofollowsmellsformiles.Furthermore,dogshaveanamazingabilitytorecognizethesmellsgivenoffbytheabnormalcellsinhumanbodies,includingcancer.Thisissomethingscientistsareeagertoexplorefurther.Andinterestingly,adog's“fingerprint”isonitsnose.Thepatternsondogs'nosesaresodistinctthattheycanactuallybeusedtoidentifytheanimals.

Asixthsense

Dogsactstrangelybeforesomethingbad,likeastormorearthquake,happens,fortheyaresensitivetolowfrequenciesthathumanscan'tsense.Sodon'tlettheirstrangebehaviorgounnoticednexttime.Itcouldsaveyourlife.

【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了关于狗的一些信息。

1．Whichofthefollowingindirectlyhelpsdogsseewellinthedark?

A．Theirrods.B．Theirtapetum.

C．Theirwhiskers.D．Theirpupils.

答案与解析：

C　考查细节理解。

由第二段第四句Besides,dogs'whiskers（胡须）alsohelpthem“see”inthedarkbecausetheypickuponverysmallchangesinair,providingdogswithinformationaboutthesize,shape,andspeedofthingsnearby.可知，狗的胡须能间接帮助它们在黑暗中看清东西，故正确答案为C。

2．Ifadogholdsupthetail,itindicates________.

A．happinessB．attack

C．friendlinessD．relaxation

答案与解析：

B　考查细节理解。

由第三段第三句“Whenthey'reaggressive,thetailswillstickstraightupintheair.”可知，当狗的尾巴笔直竖起时，它们有攻击性，故正确答案为B。

3．Whathasn'tbeendiscoveredaboutadog?

A．Whyitcansensenaturaldisasters.

B．Whyithasanacutesenseofsmell.

C．Whatemotionsitshowswithitstail.

D．Howitcansmellhumans'illnesses.

答案与解析：

D　考查细节理解。

该题问的是有关狗的信息还有什么没有被发现。

根据最后一段第一句可知，狗能感受到自然灾害是因为它们能感知到人类无法感知的低频率；根据第五段第三句可知，狗有敏锐的嗅觉是因为狗的大脑里控制嗅觉的部分比人类的要大40倍；根据第三段内容可知，狗的尾巴可以表达它的情绪；根据第五段倒数第三、四句可知，狗如何能嗅到人类的疾病还需要进一步的探索，故正确答案为D。

B

[2019·洛阳、许昌高三质量检测]

Lookingbackonmychildhood,Iamconvincedthatnaturalistsarebornandnotmade.

Althoughwewereallbroughtupinthesameway,mybrothersandsisterssoonabandonedtheirpressedflowersandinsects.Unlikethem,Ihadnoearformusicandlanguages.IwasnotanearlyreaderandIcouldnotdomentalmaths.

Ihaveonlytheunmemorablememoryofthehousewelivedin,ofmyroomandmytoys.NordoIrecallclearlythelargefamilyofgrandparents,aunts,unclesandcousinswhogatherednextdoor.ButIdohaveacrystalclearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals,thelocalbirds,andabovealltheinsects.

Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld,andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations.Ilovediscussingmyfavoritetopicsandenjoyburningthemidnightoilwhilereadingaboutotherpeople'sobservationsanddiscoveries.Thensomethinghappensthatbringstheseobservationstogetherinmyconsciousmind.Thishasresultedinmypublishing300papersandbooks,whichsomemighthonourwiththetitleofscientificresearch.

Butcuriosity,akeeneye,agoodmemoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworlddonotmakeascientist:

Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisselfdiscipline,aqualityIlack.Ascientistrequiresnotonlyselfdisciplinebutalltraining,determinationandagoal.Ascientist,uptoapoint,canbemade.Anaturalistisborn.Ifyoucancombinethetwo,yougetthebestofbothworlds.

【文章大意】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过自身的经历明白了一个道理：

博物学家是天生的，而科学家则是可以后天培养的。

【熟词生义】　result常用义：

n.结果

例句：

HisviewsarethedirectresultofthetimehespentinAfrica.他的观点是他在非洲那段日子的直接产物。

本句义：

v.产生；造成

例句：

Thecyclonehasresultedinmanythousandsofdeaths.气旋已经造成了成千上万的人死亡。

【难句分析】　ButIdohaveacrystalclearmemoryofthedogs,thefarmanimals，thelocalbirds，andabovealltheinsects.

分析：

本句是一个强调句，对句子的谓语have进行强调，助动词do放在谓语之前。

译文：

但是我确实非常清楚地记得那些狗，农场的动物，当地的鸟类，尤其是昆虫。

4．Whatimpressedtheauthordeeplyduringhischildhood?

A．Wildlife.B．Music.

C．Languages.D．Literature.

答案与解析：

A　考查细节理解。

根据第三段最后一句“ButIdohaveacrystalclearmemoryofthedogs，thefarmanimals，thelocalbirds，andabovealltheinsects”可知，作者在童年时，印象深刻的是那些野生生物，故选A。

【干扰项分析】　根据第二段最后两句“Unlikethem，Ihadnoearformusicandlanguages.IwasnotanearlyreaderandIcouldnotdomentalmaths”可知，B、C、D三项错误，故排除。

5．Whycan'ttheauthorrememberhisrelativesclearly?

A．Hedidn'tlivewiththemforlong.

B．Thefamilywasextremelylarge.

C．Hewasfullyoccupiedwithobservingnature.

D．Hewastooyoungwhenhelivedwiththem.

答案与解析：

C　考查推理判断。

根据第三段最后一句“ButIdohaveacrystalclearmemoryofthedogs，thefarmanimals，thelocalbirds，andabovealltheinsects”可推知，作者童年时期过于专注自然界而对周围的亲戚并不是很在意，所以没有深刻的印象，这与第四段第二句中的“Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld”呼应，故选C。

6．Accordingtotheauthor,whatpersonalityshouldabornnaturalisthavefirstofall?

A．Beingknowledgeable.B．Beingselfdisciplined.

C．Beingfullofambition.D．Beingfullofenthusiasm.

答案与解析：

D　考查推理判断。

根据第四段前两句“Iamanaturalist,notascientist.Ihaveastrongloveofthenaturalworld，andmyenthusiasmhasledmeintovariedinvestigations”可知，作者从小热爱自然界，而且这种热情促使作者不停地去探索，成了一个博物学家。

由此可推知，一个天生的博物学家首先要充满热情，故选D。

7．Whydoestheauthorsayheisanaturalist,notascientist?

A．Hethinkshelackssomequalityrequiredofascientist.

B．Hethinkshehasmuchtroubledoingmentalarithmetic.

C．Hethinkshecomesupwithsolutionsinamostnaturalway.

D．Hethinkshejustreadsaboutotherpeople'sobservations.

答案与解析：

A　考查细节理解。

根据最后一段第一句“Butcuriosity，akeeneye，agoodmemoryandenjoymentoftheanimalandplantworlddonotmakeascientist：

Oneoftheoutstandingandessentialqualitiesrequiredisselfdiscipline，aqualityIlack”可知，作者认为自己只是一个博物学家而不是一个科学家是因为自己缺乏成为科学家的必备素质，故选A。

C

[2019·洛阳、许昌高三质量检测试卷]

“Timeisaproblemforkids，”statesanewsreportforanewSwisswatch.Childreninsomecountries“learntimeslowly”because“theydon'twearwatches”and“parentsdon'treallyknowhowtoteachthemtime”.Thekidsgrowupwiththishandicapandbecomeadults—andthencan'tgettoworkontime.Isthereananswertothisproblem?

Ofcourse—it'stheFlikFlak,madebyafamousSwisswatchcompany.

TheFlikFlakisbeingmarketedasateachingwatchforchildrenaged4to10.Thewatchitselfdoesnotteachkidshowtotelltime,andofcourseitmerely“controlstheirimagination”bypresentingthe“hour”handasabeautifulredgirlnamedFlakandthe“minute”handasatallblueboynamedFlik.Flikpointstocorrespondingblueminutenumbersonthedial,whileFlakpointstoredhournumbers,whichissupposedtoteachyoungchildrenhowtotelltime.

Thewatchcomesequippedwithastandardbatteryandanylonband.PeterLipkin,theUnitedStatessalesmanagerfortheFlikFlak,callsit“Kidproof”：

ifitgetsdirtyyoucanthrowthewholewatchinthewashingmachine.TheproductisbeingsoldinselectdepartmentstoresinEurope,AsiaandtheUnitedStatesforasuggestedpriceof$25.Parentswhobuythewatchmaydiscoverthatitisonethingforkidstotelltime;andit'squiteanotherforthemtobeontime.

【文章大意】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一款可以教孩子们看时间的手表。

【难句分析】　Flikpointstocorrespondingblueminutenumbersonthedial，whileFlakpointstoredhournumbers，whichissupposedtoteachyoungchildrenhowtotelltime.

分析：

本句是一个复合句。

while引导状语从句，表对比；which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰前面整个句子。

译文：

Flik指向表盘上相应的蓝色分钟数字，而Flak则指向表盘上红色的小时数字，这应该能教孩子们如何看时间。

8．Whydoesthewriterusethequestioninthefirstparagraph?

A．Tostresstheroleoftime.

B．Todrawreaders'attentiontothetopic.

C．Toemphasizeparents'importancetokids.

D．Toinvitereaderstoanswerit.

答案与解析：

B　考查推理判断。

根据第一段以及对全文的整体理解可推知，第一段的问题目的是吸引读者的注意力，从而导入本文的主题，故选B。

9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“handicap”inthefirstparagraphreferto?

A．Children'slackofconceptoftime.

B．Children'sconflictontimewithparents.

C．Parents'overreactiontochildren'sunpunctuality.

D．Parents'neglectonchildren'seducation.

答案与解析：

A　考查推理判断。

根据第一段第二句和画线词所在句中的“andthencan'tgettoworkontime”可推知，由于缺乏时间概念，这些孩子们长大后上班不能准时，故选A。

10．Howdoesthewatchcontributetoteachingchildrenhowtotelltime?

A．Bybeingdecoratedwithdifferentfairies.

B．Byarrangingthefaceinafantasticorder.

C．Withcreativedesignseffectiveonchildren.

D．Withthecolorful“minute”handand“second”hand.

答案与解析：

C　考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“itmerely‘controlstheirimagination’bypresentingthe‘hour’handasabeautifulredgirlnamedFlakandthe‘minute’handasatallblueboynamedFlik...whichissupposedtoteachyoungchildrenhowtotelltime”可推知，这款手表的特色在于其特别的设计，这有利于“控制孩子们的想象力”，从而让其对时间有一定的概念，故选C。

11．WhatdoesPeterLipkinthinkofthewatch?

A．It'seffectiveinteachingchildrentime.

B．It'sthechildren'sfavouritewatch.

C．Itc