商务英语整理.docx

商务英语整理.docx

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商务英语整理

（1）Organization

达到集体目标要素成本国民收入与支出

AchievecollectivegoalsFactorcostNationalIncomeandExpenditure

投入/产出原材料/成品红利（股息）

Inputs/OutputsRawmaterial/FinishedgoodsDividends

留存利润竞争优势营业额

Retainedprofitcompetitiveedge/advantageTurnover

资产私有/国有部门第一/二/三产业

AssetsPrivate/PublicsectorPrimary/Secondary/Tertiary

产生收入/收益国内生产总值

Generateincome/arevenueGrossDomesticProduct（GDP）

（2）Organization

*Anorganizationisacollectionofpeoplewhichexiststoachievecollectivegoalsandinwhichbehavioriscontrolled.

*Organizationscanbecategorizedbysize,sector,activity,andlegalform.  

*MostoftheincomeintheUKisincreasinglygeneratedbythetertiarysector.

*Allorganizationstransforminputsintooutputs.Thisisatransformationprocess.

*Added-valueisthedifferencebetweentheoutputsandthevalueoftheboughtininputs.

*Competitiveadvantageisanaspectofthefirm’sbehaviororperformancewhichgivesitacompetitiveedgeoveritscompetitors.

（3）Decisionmaking

决策过程客户满意度投资评估

DecisionmakingprocessCustomersatisfactionInvestmentappraisal

盈亏平衡分析进入新市场战略/战术决策

Break-evenanalysisEnternewmarketStrategic/Tacticaldecisions

规模经济获得市场支配力现金流

EconomiesofscaleGainmarketpowerCashflow

融资激励人力资源

RaisefinanceMotivationHumanresource

营销短期来看销售队伍

MarketingIntheshortrunsalesforce

（4）Decisionmaking

*Whenundertakingadecisionmaking,afirmwouldsetobjects,gatherandanalyzeinformation,selectacourseofaction,implementandreview.

*Decisionscanbestrategicdecisionsandtacticaldecisions.

*Objectivesoforganizationsincludesurvival,profit,growth,customersatisfactionorprovideaservicetothepublic.

*Factorsafirmcancontrol,butwhichrestrictitsabilitytoachieveitsobjectivesareinternalconstraints.

*Externalconstraintsmayincludepoliticalfactors,economicfactors,socialfactors,technology,etc.

（5）Managementprocess

执行决策动态过程

ImplementdecisionsDynamicprocess

技术/人际/概念技能管理层级

Technical/humanrelations/conceptualskillsManagementhierarchy

组织使命使命书高层经理主管

MissionoftheorganizationMissionstatementSeniormanagers

可量化规章制度主动性

QuantifiableRegulationsInitiative

负激励危机管理

DemotivateCrisismanagement

（6）ManagementProcess

*Managementcoverplanning,organising,motivatingandcontrolling

*Managementskillsincludetechnical/humanresource/conceptualskills

*Managementhierarchydealswithdifferentresponsibilitieswithinanorganization.

*Amissionstatementstatestheoverallaimoftheorganizationanditsvalues

*Objectivemustbequantifiableandtimespecific.

*Whenthingsgowrong,crisismanagementisneeded.

（7）Businessformat

实现自我价值企业家识别机会

SelfactualisationEntrepreneuridentifyopportunities

整合资源商业计划损益表

CombineresourcesBusinessplanProfitsandlossstatement

资产负债表现金流量表预期收益率

BalancesheetCashflowstatementExpectedrateofreturn

独资经营者无限责任管理技能

SoleTraderUnlimitedliabilityManagerialskills

合伙契约专门经营利润分配

DeedofpartnershipSpecializethedivisionofprofits

有限责任非赢利性组织利润为导向

LimitedliabilityNonprofitorganizationsProfit-oriented

（8）Businessformat

1.Anentrepreneurtendtocombineresources,

identifyopportunities,takerisksandmakedecisions.

2.Themainelementsofbusinessplaninclude:

a.adescriptionofthebusiness

b.astatementofitsaims

c.amarketingplan

d.alistofkeypersonnel

e.aprojectedprofitandlossstatement

f.aprojectedbalancesheet

g.aprojectedcashflowstatement

h.detailsofthefinancerequired

（9）BusinessFormat

公司章程公司条例注册地址

MemorandumofassociationArticlesofassociationLocationofregisteredoffice

营业执照上市公司公司法

CertificateofincorporationListedcompanyCompanyActs

股票资本市值审计报告提升形象

MarketcapitalisationAuditor’sreportRaisetheprofile

媒体关注收购披露信息

MediaattentionTake-overRevealinformation

账面价值非执行董事年度股东大会

BookvalueNonexecutivedirectorsAnnualgeneralmeeting

年度决算表公司治理行使权利

AnnualreturnscorporategovernanceExerciseone’spower

优先股发行股股本贷款偿付

PreferencesharesIssuedsharesSharecapitalLoanrepayment

控股公司子公司赢利能力金融机构

HoldingcompanySubsidiaryProfitabilityFinancialinstitution

（10）BusinessFormat

1.Deedofpartnershipisalegaldocumentwhichformsacontractbetweenthepartners.

2.Corporategovernancecoversissuesofwhoreallycontrolsthecompany.

3.BeinglistedontheStockExchangeprovidesaccesstomoreinvestors,andraisestheprofileofthecompanyandattractsmoremediaattention.

4.Tobecomealistedcompany,acompanymustproduceaprospectusgivingdetailsaboutthecompany.

5.Bookvalueisthevalueofcompanystatedinitsaccounts.

（11）BusinessFormat

特许经销/出让人/受让人促销

Franchise/Franchisor/FranchiseePromotion

新产品开发启动成本股权收购

NewproductdevelopmentStart-upcostManagementbuyouts（MBO）

主营业务私有化多国公司总部

CorebusinessPrivatiseMultinationalsHeadquarter

获得税收优惠合资企业战略联盟

GaintaxadvantageJointventuresStrategicalliances

无偿付能力债权/务人清算

InsolvencyCreditor/debtorReceivership

（12）BusinessFormat

*Issuessharemeanstheamountofsharesactuallyissued.

*Aholdingcompanycontrolsothercompaniesbutisnotinvolvedintheirdaytodayrunning.

*Astockexchangeisthemarketforshares.

*Themainshareholdersareusuallyfinancialinstitutions,suchaspensionfunds,notindividuals.

（13）BusinessFormat

*Afranchiseoccurswhenafranchisorsellstherighttouse/sellaproductorservicetoafranchisee.

*Theexistingmanagerstakingoverthecompanyiscalledmanagementbuyouts.

*Amultinationalsisacompanywithproductionbasesinmorethanonecountry.

*Companiesworkingtogetheronspecificprojectsarecalledjointventures/strategicalliances.

*Ifacompanyisinsolvent,itmaybeforcedtoclose.

（14）Smallfirms

中小企业填补市场空缺贷款担保

Smallandmedium-sizedbusinessesServenichemarketLoanguarantee

公司税税收优惠政府干预

CorporationtaxTaxallowanceGovernmentinterference

所得税创业计划

IncometaxBusinessstart-upscheme

（15）BusinessFormat

•Asmallcompanymayhavethetwomaincharacteristics:

_relativelysmallshareofthemarket

_managedbyownersinapersonalisedwaywithoutformalmanagementstructure

（16）Growth

收购/接管/兼并横向/纵向/前向/后向一体化

Acquisition/Turn-over/MergerHorizontal/Vertical/Forward/Backwardintegration

跨行业集团规模（不）经济文化冲突

ConglomerateEconomies/DiseconomiesofscaleCultureclash

垄断发盘销售终端（门店）

MonopolyMakeabidOutlets

大规模生产单位成本协同拆分

MassproductionCostperunitSynergyDemerger/Unbundle

（17）Growth

*Theexternalgrowthcanbeviaacquisition,take-over,andmerger.

*Integrationoccurswhentwoormorecompaniesjointogether.

*Thereasonsofcompanies’mergeareshareresources,gaineconomiesofscaleandquickgrowth.

*Abigproblemofamergedcompanyshouldbecultureclash.

（18）Growth

*Therearethreetypesofintegration.Theyarehorizontalintegration,verticalintegrationandconglomerate.

*Verticalintegrationisdividedintoforwardintegrationandbackwardintegration.

*Asoutputincreases,costperunitfalls,whichisnamedeconomiesofscale.

*Andifacompanygetstoobig,thecostsperunitmayincrease,whichisnameddiseconomiesofscale.

*Synergymeanstheoverallperformanceisbetterthanthesunofthetwoindividuallywhentowcompaniesjointogether.

（19）Businessenvironment

宏观微观内部环境

Macro-environmentmicroenvironmentinternalenvironment

招募利益相关者抵消成本

Recruitmentstakeholdercovercosts

垄断寡头垄断完全竞争

Monopolyoligopolyperfectcompetition

（20）Businessenvironment

Macro-environmentreferstothefactorsbeyondtheimmediatecontrolofthecompany.

Microenvironmentreferstothefactorsintheimmediateenvironmentofthecompany..

Thefunctionsofacompanyare,e.g.marketing,production,financeandhumanresourcemanagement.

Thosegroupswith“stake”orinterestintheorganizationarecalledstakeholders.

Marketscanbecategorizedintomonopoly,oligopolyandperfectcompetition.

（21）Marketingandmarketingplanning

满足顾客需求市场为导向营销组合

Meetcustomerneedsmarket-orientedmarketingmix

中介分销市场份额市场空缺

Intermediarydistributionmarketsharemarketniche

赢利能力产品组合产品生命周期

Profitabilityproductportfolioproductlifecycle

市场细分预算

Marketsfragmentedbudget

（22）Marketingandmarketingplanning

Marketorientationmeanstheorganizationfocusesoncustomerneedsandwants.

MarketingmixarethefourP’s;theyareprice,place,product,andpromotion.NowitispossibletoaddanothertwoP’speopleandprocess

Asmallpartofthemarketwhichmajorproducersarenotconcernedwithiscallednichemarket.

Marketsizereferstothefirmorproduct’smarketshareisitspercentageofallthesalesinthemarket.

（23）Marketingresearch

识别机会促销活动一手数据二手数据

Identifytheopportunitypromotionalcampaignprimarydatasecondarydata

顾客反应定性研究问卷

Customer’sreflectionqualitativeresearchquestionnaire

样本人数概率可信度随即抽样

Samplepopulationprobabilityconfidencerandom

（24）Marketingresearch

Marketingresearchisaprocessofdefiningcorporateobjectives,gatheringinformation,assessingexistingmarketingaudit,settingmarketingobjectives,selectingmarketingstrategy,implementingandlastlyreviewing.

MarketingresearchcanbecategorizedintoPrimaryandSecondary.

Qualitativeresearchisresearchintopeople’smotivation,feelings,behavior.

（25）Marketingresearch

Populationreferstothetotalnumberofitemsorpeopletheresearcherisinterestedin.

Usingstatisticaltechniques,theresultsareexpressedintermsofprobabilityandtheconfidencewithwhichtheyareused.

Segmentationmeansidentifyinggroupsofrelativelysimilarneedsandwantswithinamarket.

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