拓展模块虚拟语气Units11-12.ppt
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虚拟语气,拓展模块Units11-12,王薇,Definition,陈述语气（theIndicativeMood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。
Thefishisnotalivewithoutwater.,虚语语气（theSubjunctiveMood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。
1.虚拟语气的考点1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。
if引导的虚拟条件句,区别:
Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved.陈述语气,Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.虚拟语气,If+主+did（were）,主+would/should/could/might+动词原形,IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.,1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。
2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。
IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.,与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句,If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（havedone）,Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.,1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。
IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.,2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。
与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句,与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句（通常有时间状语）,Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.,Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.,1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.,2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.,If+主+did（wereto/shoulddo）,主+would/should/could/might+动词原形,Ifyou_tomorrow,you_findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.,A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;might,Iftheparents_atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.,A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrived,Ifhe_he_thatfood.,Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.,A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken,Ididntseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_,shewouldhavemetmybrother.,A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome,Ifmylawyer_herelastSunday,he_mefromgoing.,A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented,倒装的If虚拟句,条件状语的倒装：
如果条件状语中有were,had,should时,可以倒装成：
Were/Should/Had+主+其他,WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.,Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.,Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldntgoout.,IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.,Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.,Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldntgoout.,_theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.,A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass,_fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.,A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive,_itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.,A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will,wish引导的虚拟句,IwishIrememberedtheaddress.,我要是记得地址就好了。
（真可惜我忘了）,HowIwishhehadnotleft.,要是他没有离开这里就好了。
（他已离开）,Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.,要是明天下雨就好了。
（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）,wish+thatHowIwishIfonly,did/were现在,haddone过去,would/might/coulddo将来,5.Ifonly
（1）要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!
Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!
IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!
要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。
Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!
IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!
要是我没错过火车就好了.,Exercises:
“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?
”“No,butIreallywishI_.”,A.hadB.didC.haveD.will,Ididntgototheparty,butIdowishI_there.,A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went,IwishI_youyesterday.,A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee,-Heisabraveman.-Yes,IwishI_hiscourage.,A.HaveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave,Tomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_mehow.,A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach,Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI_toit.,A.hadntgoneB.haventgoneC.didntgoD.couldnothavegone,HowIwishI_that!
Everybodypresentwasangrywithme.,A.didntgoB.hadntdoneC.wouldntdoD.wasntdoing,asif/though,区别：
HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA.陈述语气,HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA.虚拟语气,2.asif/though+Clause,现在：
过去：
将来:
did/were（现在）,haddone（过去）,Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.,would+动词原形（将来）,虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood,退一步海阔天空,evenif/though,wish,ifonly等从句的虚拟与它相同。
名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词,如果我是你，我就听从他的建议。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.,从句表示现在，主句表示过去,如果你听我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。
从句表示过去，主句表示现在,如果这些天一直没下雨，我们现在可以进行工作了。
从句表过去进行，主句表现在进行,Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow.,Ifithadntbeenrainingthosedays,weshouldbegoingonwiththeworks.,注意:
主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气（混合条件句）:
有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。
（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。
）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。
（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。
）,Ifyouhadntlentmesomemoney,IcouldnthaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。
（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。
）,suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,adviceetc.引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以（should）+v原的形式出现。
Weallsuggestthathe（should）finishhishomeworkfirst.,Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors（should）getdowntoworkatonce.,Itssuggested（ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required）that后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以（should）+v原.的形式出现。
ItsorderedthatonlyGerman（should）betaughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.,Itsrequestedthatallthestudents（should）wearschooluniformsatschool.,以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以（should）+v原.的形式出现。
Mysuggestionisthatyou（should）gohomefirstbeforecominghere.,Hisrequestthathiscost（should）bepaidbythehouriscompletelyreasonable.,Theordercamethatthework（should）befinishedtwodaysaheadoftime,Myadviceisthatyou（should）practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible,注意:
当suggest表示“暗示”;insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟！
HisaccentsuggestshecomesfromHunan.,Iinsistthathewaswrong,Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision,Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeopleshealth.,虚拟语气特殊句型：
1.wouldratherthat,现在：
过去：
未来：
过去时,过去完成时,过去时,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.,Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.,Dontcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,注意:
在主语would（had）ratherthat宾语从句中，从句谓语一般用过去式表示虚拟形式。
例如:
我真希望你告诉我真相。
Idratheryoutoldmethetruth.,我宁愿不再见着你。
IdratherIdidntseeyouagain.,我倒希望他们和我一起去。
Iwouldrathertheywentwithme.,
（1）对现在的虚拟,谓语动词用过去时（系动词用were）,意指主从句谓语表示的动词同时发生.例如:
他看起来好象病了.,Helooksasifhewereill.,他感到他应该独自对发生的事情承担责任.,Hefeltasifhealonewereresponsibleforwhathadhappened.,
（2）对过去的虚拟谓语动词使用had+过去分词,意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之前.例如:
她英语说的很好就象是在英国学习的一样.,ShespokeEnglishwellasifshehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.,我记得整件事情就象是昨天发生的一样.,Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.,（3）对未来的虚拟谓语动词使用would+动词原形,意指从句谓语动词发生在主句谓语动词之后.例如:
史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了.,Mrs.Smithsobbedasifherheartwouldbreak.,Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_.,A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken,Theactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_ayoungman.,A.isB.willbeC.amD.were,Thecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_rain.,A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.would,注意：
如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
Itlooksasifyouaretired.,3.Its（about/high）time+that-,过去时,should+V.,你该走了。
Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyouweregoing.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,我们该去睡觉了。
Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,4.without和butfor构成虚拟。
butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.,5.Ifonly
（1）要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisname!
Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!
IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!
要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。
要是我没错过火车就好了！
Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!
IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!
（2）=aslongas常用陈述语气.如果我们紧密团结就一定能战胜一切困难.Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultiesifonlywearecloselyunited.,6.Itsnecessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形,Itisimportantthatwe（should）masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.,7.otherwise和supposing也可以引导虚拟语气。
例如：
Thestormstopped,otherwisethesailorswouldhavefallenintothesea.,Imgettingcold,otherwiseIwouldkeepher.,Suppose（supposing）yourfriendsknewhowyouarebehavinghere,whatwouldtheythink?
8.sothat与inorderthat二者引导的目的状语从句谓语部分应该用may/might/can/could/etc.+动词原形Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemighthavemoretimetostudyit.Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatsheminghtdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.Hewenttothestationinataxisothatheshouldnotmissthetrain.,9.用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首,Maygoodluckbeyours!
祝你好运！
Mayyoubehappy!
祝你快乐！
Mayyoudoevenbetter!
祝你取得更大成就Longlivethepeople!
人民万岁！
“Godblessyou,”saidthepriest.牧师说：
“愿上帝保佑你！
”,含蓄条件句,非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。
含蓄条件句大体有三种情况:
1.条件暗含在短语中。
如：
WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?
（条件暗含在分词短语withoutyou中）,Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.（条件暗含在不定式短语todoitthisway中）,Butforyourhelpwecouldnthavesucceededintheexperiment.（暗含条件是butforyourhelp）,Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldleadtoadisaster.（条件暗含在分词短语happeninginwartime中）,Hemusthavethestrengthofahippopotamus,orhenevercouldhavevanquishedthatgreatbeast.（暗含条件是连词or）,Alone,hewouldhavebeenterrified.（暗含条件是alone）,2.条件暗含在上下文中。
如：
Youmightstayhereforever.（可能暗含ifyouwantedto）Wewouldhavesucceeded.（可能暗含ifwehadkepttrying）Yourreputationwouldberuined.（可能暗含ifyoushouldacceptit）Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime.（可能暗含ifyouweresokindastogivemealittleofyourtime）,3.在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。
如：
Youwouldntknow.你不会知道。
Iwouldliketocome.我愿意来。
Iwouldnthavedreamedofit.这是我做梦也不会想到的。
Hetoldthestoryinsuchminutedetailthathemighthimselfhavebeenaneye-witness.他将那事讲的非常仔细，简直就象他亲眼看见一样,1Hesuggestedthatthemeetingput
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