英语 温州市高三浙江省第二次模拟试题.docx

英语 温州市高三浙江省第二次模拟试题.docx

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英语温州市高三浙江省第二次模拟试题

英语温州市2018年高三浙江省第二次模拟试题

英语

考试时间：

____分钟

题型

单选题

填空题

总分

得分

单选题（本大题共10小题，每小题____分，共____分。

）

阅读理解（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）

    阅读下面材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

                                A

    ReneDescartes’explanationofpainhaslongbeenacknowledgedinmedicine.Heproposedthatpainisapurelyphysicalphenomenon—thattissueinjurymakesspecificnervessendasignaltothebrain,causingthemindtonoticepain.Thephenomenon,hesaid,islikepullingonaropetoringabellinthebrain.Itishardtooverstatehowdeeplyfixedthisaccounthasbecome.Inmedicine,doctorsseepaininDescartes’termsasaphysicalprocess,asignoftissueinjury.

    Thelimitationsofthisexplanation,however,havebeenapparentforsometime,sincepeoplewithobviousinjuriessometimesreportfeelingnopainatall.Later,researchersproposedthatDescartes’modelbereplacedwithwhattheycalledthegatecontroltheoryofpain.Theyarguedthatbeforepainsignalsreachthebrain,theymustfirstgothroughagatingmechanisminthespinalcord（脊髓）.Insomecases,thisimaginarygatecouldsimplystoppainsignalsfromgettingtothebrain.

    Theirmost____suggestionwasthatwhatcontrolledthegatewerenotjustsignalsfromsensorynervesbutalsoemotionsandother“output”fromthebrain.Theyweresayingthatpullingontheropemaynotnecessarilymakethebellring.Thebellitself（themind）couldstopit.Thistheoryledtoagreatdealofresearchintohowsuchfactorsasmood,gender,andbeliefsinfluencetheexperienceofpain.InaBritishstudy,forexample,researchersmeasuredpainthresholdandtolerancelevelsin53balletdancersand53universitystudentsbyusingacommonmeasurement:

afterputtingyourhandinbody-temperaturewaterfortwominutestoestablishabaselinecondition,youputyourhandinabowloficewaterandstartaclockrunning.Youmarkthetimewhenitbeginstohurt:

thatisyourpainthreshold.Thenyoumarkthetimewhenithurtstoomuchtokeepyourhandinthewater:

thatisyourpaintolerance.Thetestisalwaysstoppedat120seconds,topreventinjury.

    Theresultswerestriking.Onaveragefemalestudentsreportedpainat16secondsandpulledtheirhandsoutoftheicewaterat37seconds.Femaledancerswerealmostthreetimesaslongonbothcounts.Meninbothgroupshadahigherthresholdandtoleranceforpain,butthedifferencebetweenmaledancersandmalenon-dancerswasnearlyaslarge.Whatexplainsthatdifference?

Probablyithassomethingtodowiththepsychologyofballetdancers---agroupknownforself-discipline,physicalfitness,andcompetitiveness,aswellasbyahighrateofchronic（慢性）injury.Theirdrivenpersonalitiesandcompetitivecultureevidentlyaccustomthemtopain.Otherstudiesalongtheselineshaveshownthatoutgoingpeoplehavegreaterpaintoleranceandthat,withtraining,onecanreduceone’ssensitivitytopain.

    Thereisalsostrikingevidencethatverysimplekindsofmentalsuggestioncanhavepowerfuleffectsonpain.Inonestudyof500patientsundergoingdentalprocedures,thosewhoweregivenaplaceboinjection（安慰剂）andpromisedthatitwouldrelievetheirpainhadtheleastdiscomfort---notonlylessthanthepatientswhogotaplaceboandweretoldnothingbutalsolessthanthepatientswhogotactualdrugwithoutanypromisethatitwouldwork.

    Todayitisabundantlyevidentthatthebrainisactivelyinvolvedintheexperienceofpainandisnomorebellsonastring.Todayeverymedicaltextbookteachesthegatecontroltheoryasfact.There’saproblemwithit,though.Itexplainspeoplewhohaveinjuriesbutfeelnopain,butitdoesn’texplainthereverse,whichisfarmorecommon---themillionsofpeoplewhoexperiencechronicpain,suchasbackpain,withnosignsofinjurywhatsoever.Sowheredoesthepaincomefrom?

Theropeandclapperaregone,butthebellisstillringing.

Theauthorimpliesthatthereasonwhythegatecontrolwas“amazing”wasthatit_______.

A.offeredanextremelynewandoriginalexplanation

B.wasjustoppositetopeople’severydayexperiences

C.wasgroundedinaridiculouslogic

D.wassosensiblethatitshouldhavebeenproposedcenturiesbefore

                              A

    ReneDescartes’explanationofpainhaslongbeenacknowledgedinmedicine.Heproposedthatpainisapurelyphysicalphenomenon—thattissueinjurymakesspecificnervessendasignaltothebrain,causingthemindtonoticepain.Thephenomenon,hesaid,islikepullingonaropetoringabellinthebrain.Itishardtooverstatehowdeeplyfixedthisaccounthasbecome.Inmedicine,doctorsseepaininDescartes’termsasaphysicalprocess,asignoftissueinjury.

    Thelimitationsofthisexplanation,however,havebeenapparentforsometime,sincepeoplewithobviousinjuriessometimesreportfeelingnopainatall.Later,researchersproposedthatDescartes’modelbereplacedwithwhattheycalledthegatecontroltheoryofpain.Theyarguedthatbeforepainsignalsreachthebrain,theymustfirstgothroughagatingmechanisminthespinalcord（脊髓）.Insomecases,thisimaginarygatecouldsimplystoppainsignalsfromgettingtothebrain.

    Theirmost ____ suggestionwasthatwhatcontrolledthegatewerenotjustsignalsfromsensorynervesbutalsoemotionsandother“output”fromthebrain.Theyweresayingthatpullingontheropemaynotnecessarilymakethebellring.Thebellitself（themind）couldstopit.Thistheoryledtoagreatdealofresearchintohowsuchfactorsasmood,gender,andbeliefsinfluencetheexperienceofpain.InaBritishstudy,forexample,researchersmeasuredpainthresholdandtolerancelevelsin53balletdancersand53universitystudentsbyusingacommonmeasurement:

afterputtingyourhandinbody-temperaturewaterfortwominutestoestablishabaselinecondition,youputyourhandinabowloficewaterandstartaclockrunning.Youmarkthetimewhenitbeginstohurt:

thatisyourpainthreshold.Thenyoumarkthetimewhenithurtstoomuchtokeepyourhandinthewater:

thatisyourpaintolerance.Thetestisalwaysstoppedat120seconds,topreventinjury.

    Theresultswerestriking.Onaveragefemalestudentsreportedpainat16secondsandpulledtheirhandsoutoftheicewaterat37seconds.Femaledancerswerealmostthreetimesaslongonbothcounts.Meninbothgroupshadahigherthresholdandtoleranceforpain,butthedifferencebetweenmaledancersandmalenon-dancerswasnearlyaslarge.Whatexplainsthatdifference?

Probablyithassomethingtodowiththepsychologyofballetdancers---agroupknownforself-discipline,physicalfitness,andcompetitiveness,aswellasbyahighrateofchronic（慢性）injury.Theirdrivenpersonalitiesandcompetitivecultureevidentlyaccustomthemtopain.Otherstudiesalongtheselineshaveshownthatoutgoingpeoplehavegreaterpaintoleranceandthat,withtraining,onecanreduceone’ssensitivitytopain.

    Thereisalsostrikingevidencethatverysimplekindsofmentalsuggestioncanhavepowerfuleffectsonpain.Inonestudyof500patientsundergoingdentalprocedures,thosewhoweregivenaplaceboinjection（安慰剂）andpromisedthatitwouldrelievetheirpainhadtheleastdiscomfort---notonlylessthanthepatientswhogotaplaceboandweretoldnothingbutalsolessthanthepatientswhogotactualdrugwithoutanypromisethatitwouldwork.

    Todayitisabundantlyevidentthatthebrainisactivelyinvolvedintheexperienceofpainandisnomorebellsonastring.Todayeverymedicaltextbookteachesthegatecontroltheoryasfact.There’saproblemwithit,though.Itexplainspeoplewhohaveinjuriesbutfeelnopain,butitdoesn’texplainthereverse,whichisfarmorecommon---themillionsofpeoplewhoexperiencechronicpain,suchasbackpain,withnosignsofinjurywhatsoever.Sowheredoesthepaincomefrom?

Theropeandclapperaregone,butthebellisstillringing.

Theauthorrefersto“chronicbackpain”asanexampleofsomethingthatis_______.

A.costly,becauseittroublesmillionsofpeople

B.puzzling,becauseitsometimeshasnoobviouscause

C.disappointing,becauseitdoesnotimprovewithtreatment

D.worrying,becauseitliesbeyondthereachofmedicine

                              A

    ReneDescartes’explanationofpainhaslongbeenacknowledgedinmedicine.Heproposedthatpainisapurelyphysicalphenomenon—thattissueinjurymakesspecificnervessendasignaltothebrain,causingthemindtonoticepain.Thephenomenon,hesaid,islikepullingonaropetoringabellinthebrain.Itishardtooverstatehowdeeplyfixedthisaccounthasbecome.Inmedicine,doctorsseepaininDescartes’termsasaphysicalprocess,asignoftissueinjury.

    Thelimitationsofthisexplanation,however,havebeenapparentforsometime,sincepeoplewithobviousinjuriessometimesreportfeelingnopainatall.Later,researchersproposedthatDescartes’modelbereplacedwithwhattheycalledthegatecontroltheoryofpain.Theyarguedthatbeforepainsignalsreachthebrain,theymustfirstgothroughagatingmechanisminthespinalcord（脊髓）.Insomecases,thisimaginarygatecouldsimplystoppainsignalsfromgettingtothebrain.

    Theirmost ____ suggestionwasthatwhatcontrolledthegatewerenotjustsignalsfromsensorynervesbutalsoemotionsandother“output”fromthebrain.Theyweresayingthatpullingontheropemaynotnecessarilymakethebellring.Thebellitself（themind）couldstopit.Thistheoryledtoagreatdealofresearchintohowsuchfactorsasmood,gender,andbeliefsinfluencetheexperienceofpain.InaBritishstudy,forexampl