毕业论文设计中西方餐桌礼仪的差异Differences between Chinese and Western Table Manners.docx

毕业论文设计中西方餐桌礼仪的差异Differences between Chinese and Western Table Manners.docx

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毕业论文设计中西方餐桌礼仪的差异DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternTableManners

毕业论文（设计）中西方餐桌礼仪的差异（DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternTableManners）　

毕业论文

　　题　　目　　　中西方餐桌礼仪的差异　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　学　　号1XXXXXXXXXX班　级　旅英1班　　　　

　专　　业　旅游英语　系　别　外语系　　　　　

作者姓名　朱亚平　完成时间2012年12月

指导教师秦礼峰　　职　称　　讲师　　　　

DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternTableManners

ZhuYaping

AthesissubmittedtoHenanBusinessCollegeinpartialfulfillmentofrequirementfortheTourismEnglishMajor

UnderthesupervisionofAssociateProfessor

QinLifeng

ForeignLanguageDepartmentofHenanBusinessCollege

December15,2012

DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternTableManners

Author:

ZhuYaping

Tutor:

QinLifeng

Abstract

Chinaisanationofetiquette,whosetablemannershavealonghistory.Infact,westerncountrieshavetheirownpeculiardiningcustom.WiththedevelopmentofChina’sopening-up,moreandmoreWesternculturegetsintooursight.?

Aswefacewithunfamiliarculturesandcountries,someinevitableculturalconflictsmighthappeninthecommunication,whichwillseriouslyaffectthecontactsbeingcarriedoutsmoothly.TablemannershaveadecisivepositioninthecommunicationbetweenChinaandWesterncountries.Duringcommunicationwewillshowourbestimageandavoidculturalconflicts.Learningandusingtherightetiquettewillnotonlystepupourownimpression,butalsopromotethebenefitandstrifeofthecompany.ThispapermainlydiscussesthedifferencesoftablemannersbetweentheWestandChinafromseveralaspects.Knowingthesedifferences,wecancommunicatewellwitheachother.

KeyWords:

China,westerncountries,tablemanners,differences.

中西方餐桌礼仪的差异

摘要

中国是礼仪之邦，其餐桌礼仪源远流长。

西方餐桌礼仪也是很有讲究。

随着中国对外开放程度的逐渐深入，西方社会的文化越来越多地映入了我们的眼帘。

由于我们所面对的是来自陌生的文化和国家，思维方式、生活习惯和行为方式与我们迥然不同的人，在与之交往的过程中不可避免的会出现文化冲突的现象，严重影响了交往的顺利进行。

餐桌礼仪在交际当中已经占据了重要的地位，学习和运用正确的餐桌礼仪，已不仅仅是自身形象的需要，更是提高双效益、提升竞争力的需要。

本文主要从几个不同的方面论述了中西方餐桌礼仪的差异，了解了它们的不同，我们彼此之间才能更好的交流。

关键词:

中国，西方国家，餐桌礼仪，差异

CONTENTS

AbstractinEnglish…………………...……………………………I

AbstractinChinese…………………………………………….II

1Introduction1

2LiteratureReview1

3MainFactorsCausingtheDifferences3

3.1Geography3

3.2Tradition4

3.3Custom6

4DifferenttablemannersbetweenChinaandWest7

4.1Tablesetting7

4.2Dinnerware8

4.3Theorderofserving9

4.4Ruleswhenenjoyingthemeal10

5Conclusion11

6Bibliographies11

DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternTableManners

1.Introduction

DuetotheChinesepeopleandforeignershavedifferentlifestyles,thewayofthinking,cultures,thetablemannersbetweenchinaandwesterncountriesshowabigdifference.Chinesetablemannershavealonghistory,whichdatefromZhouDynasty,atthattimetablemannershaveaquitecompletesystem.Thosetablemannersgraduallygotoalevelofmatureandperfect,moreover,theytookanimportantpartinthepastandstillhaveadeepinfluenceinthemodernsociety.WesterndiningcustomsoriginateinMerovingianDynasty,France,andinthe20thcentury,ItalianculturecametoFrance,tablemannersandmenuturnedtobemoreelegantanddelicate,fromthattime,booksofetiquettearepublishedgradually.Today,tablemannersinheritinEurope.TablemannersinWesterncountrieshaveinfluenceonChinesetablemannersbecauseofWorldIntegration.Inordertoprotectourtableculture,wecanmakethetwotablemannersintegrated,whichisgoodforuscommunicatingwithforeigners.So,itisnecessaryforustoknowthedifferencesofthetwotablemanners.

2．LiteratureReview

Asweallknow,differentcountrieshavedifferentcultures.CultureisthecollectiveprogrammingofthemindwhichdistinguishesthemembersofonecategoryofpeoplefromanotherHofstadter,1991.Asakindofsocialcustoms,tablemannersareinfluencedbycultureandvaryindifferentareas.China,knownascivilizedancientcountry,hascharacteristictablemannerswithalonghistory.Westerncountriesalsoformedtheirowntablemannersduringthesyncretismofnationsandmodernization.Toacertaindegree,havinggoodtablemannersisasymbolofanation'scivilizationandanexpressionofaperson'smoralcultivationandaccomplishmentlevelaswell.

WiththedeepenofopenpolicyinourcountryandthestrengthenofcommunicationbetweenEastandWest,itisnecessaryforustoimprovetheconsciousnessofcross-culturalcommunicationandknowthedifferencesoftablemanners,suchassenseofarrivingtime,seatarrangement,orderofservingdishes,tableware,behaviors,communicationandsoon.Thefullyunderstandingofthedifferencescanpreventthefailureinpolitenessandpromotepersonalstatusonthedinnertable.OnlyifwerealizeculturalconnotationoftablemannersandthedifferencesbetweenEastandWest,canwetalkandbehavedecentlyincross-culturalcommunicationandmakesocialcommunicationharmonious.

Withanacuteeyeandanirrepressiblewit,MargaretVassartakesafascinatinglookatthewayweeatourmealsinthebookTheRitualsofDinner.FromtheancientGreekstomodernyuppies,fromcannibalismandthetakingoftheEucharisttoformaldinnersandpicnics,shethoroughlydefinestheeatingritual.Shetakesthedifferenttablemannersindifferentareasandracestoshowthedevelopmentoftheworldcivilization.InthebookCultureonDinnerTable,Mr.YiZhongtian2004saysthatthecorethoughtofChinesecultureisgroupconsciousnesswhilethewesterncorethoughtisindividualconsciousness.Westernersorderrespectivedishesbythemselvesratherthanaskothersforwhattheywant.Onthecontrary,Chineseagreesthatpersonalwillshouldobeygroupcommonthought.InthebookDifferencesandSyncretismofEtiquetteCulturebetweenEastandWest,Mr.LiXiaojunexploresthesyncretismofetiquetteculturebetweenEastandWestonthebasisoftablemannerstoachievetheharmonioussociety.YuLinandZhouYoucomparetheculturaldifferencesbetweenEastandWestfromthepointofviewontableware,seatarrangement,dinneratmosphereandlanguage.Itaimsatwarningpeopletotreatexoticculturewithanobjective,tolerantandrespectfulattitudewhileinsistingontheirownculture,inordertocommunicateproperlyandappropriatelyincross-culturalcommunication.

3.MainFactorsCausingtheDifferences

3.1Geography

Asweallknow,differentareashavedifferentcultureandcustom.Becauseofthedifferentlocation,naturalconditionsandgeographicalenvironment,differentareasformeddifferentregionalculturewhichshowsinthatdifferentnationalitiesusingdifferentlanguageexpressionformsforthesamekindofphenomenonorthings.ThegeographicallocationandtheenvironmentleadtothedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesterncultures.Chinaisabigcountrywithavastterritoryaboundinginnaturalresources,andthepeople’swayoflife,customs,economicandculturaldevelopment,aswellasgenerallocalconditions,allvary.

Forexample,Chopsticksand,knifeandforkarethemostbasicdifferencesbetweenChineseandwesterntablemanners.YouXiuling,theprofessorofZhejiangUniversity,saidthateastandwestappeardifferenttablewaresarerelatedtotheenvironment.Chopsticksshouldbeoriginatedintheplaceoflotsofbamboo.TherearemuchwoodinnorthChinaandmuchbambooinsouthChina.SoancestorsuselocalmaterialstomakechopsticksandtheybecameChina'smostprimitiverawmaterialsofchopsticks.Theemergenceofknifeandforkismuchlaterthanthatofchopsticks.AccordingtotheresearchofprofessorYouXiuling,theoriginofknifeandforkisrelatedtothelifehabitofancientEuropeannomads,whoalwaystookknifealongthemandliveonhorseback.Theycutdownandeatmeatassoonasitcooked.Fromthenon,westernersuseknifeandforkastheirtablewares.

3.2Tradition

Thedifferentethnicandnationalhistoricaldevelopmentprocessmayresultindifferenthistoryandtradition.ThousandsofyearsofChinesetraditionalculturereflectedintheChineseConfucianism,TaoismandBuddhism.AsthecoreofChinesetraditionalculture,ConfucianismproducesaprofoundandlonginfluenceonChinesesociety.Confucianismhasthetraditionalthoughtmainlyemphasized“benevolence,righteousness,propriety,wisdom,faith”.Taoistsadvocated“customizationsnature”,“pure”andheBuddhistisadvocated“mercifulPurduebeings”and“harmony”,“continued”.InthebookCultureonDinnerTable,Mr.YiZhongtiansaidthatthecorethoughtofChinesecultureisgroupconsciousnesswhilethewesterncorethoughtisindividualconsciousness.Insharpcontrast,thewesterncultureisakindof“guilt”culture.Theybelieveingodcreatedman.Thewesternculture,tobeself-centered,theboundarybetweenpeopleisclearandtheydonotallowmutualinterference.Thisindividualculturecontributedtowesterntablemannerswithoutsharingaplateoffood.ButChineselovepeaceandquietlifeintheforest,andinthediningroomusecheapchopsticksastableware.ThechopstickscanalsoreflectChinesecollectiveconsciousness.Westernersprefertocolonizeinrestaurants,useaknifeandforkintheclass.Knifeandforkalsocanreflectindividualconsciousness,andnoblewestoflife.

Fromtheuseofchopstickswecanseethewholecourseofusingchopsticksiscollaborativework.Ifoneofthemisabsent,thewholeworkcannotbecompleted.ItshowsthatcollectivismisthecorethoughtofChinesenation.Andknifeandforkisborninmodernindustrialsociety,whichistheproductionofsocialization.Itsmainmaterialismetalwhichshowssocialfunctionofmodernsociety,andfailedtogetridofitsoffensiveduringsocializationprocess.

3.3Custom

Customculturereferstotheculturethatformedinthedailysociallifeandhumancommunicati