职称英语等级考试真题+答案卫生AWord下载.docx

职称英语等级考试真题+答案卫生AWord下载.docx

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3　Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.

A　faithfulBroyal

CgenuineDsincere

4　Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

A　attractionBsimplicity

C　powerDrigor

5　Tenyearsaftertheevent，herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.

A　mistBfog

C　mysteryDsecret

6　Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation.

A　annoyedBtroubled

C　threatenedDaroused

7　Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.

A　borrowedBpurchased

C　rewrittenDcopied

8　Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch.

A　fastenedBencouraged

C　raisedDinitiated

9　Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney.

A　some　Blittle

C　extraDenough

10Thedoctor'

spillsworkedmarvelsforme.

A　patientsBmiracles

C　illnessDrecovery

11Mary'

sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.

A　monotonousBendless

C　seriousDbitter

12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment.

A　oldBunforgettable

C　funnyDunfair

13Youdidn'

tadheretotheseprinciples.

A　followBorder

C　proveDhandle

14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland.

A　emptyBhairless

C　bareDsmooth

15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.

A　expressionsBwarnings

C　instructionsDadvertisements

第2部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；

如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；

如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.

CancerDrugTrialsOftenHaltedEarly

Anincreasingnumberofclinicaltrialsfornewcancertreatmentsarebeinghaltedbeforetherisksandbenefitshavebeenfullyevaluated，sayItalianresearchers，whowarnthatthisgrowingtrendcouldputpatientsatriskofharmfromnewtherapiesrushedintouse.

Theresearcherslookedat25randomized，controlledclinicaltrialsthatwerestoppedearlybecausethetreatmentshadstartedtoshowbenefittopatients.

“Whenweanalyzed25trialsovera10-yearperiodbetween1997and2007，wefoundaconsistentincreaseinprematurelystoppedtrials-morethan50percentwerestoppedwithinthelastthreeyears，”studyco-authorGiovanniApolonesaidatanewsconferenceTuesday.

Of14trialshaltedearlyandpublishedbetween2005and2007，theresearchersfoundthat11（79percent）ofthemwereusedtosupportdrugapprovalapplicationssubmittedtotheEuropeanMedicinesAgencyandtheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration.

“Thissuggestsastrongcommercialcomponentinstoppingtrialsprematurely.Infact，thisstrategycouldguaranteequickeraccesstothemarketforcompanies.Ontheotherhand，aquickerclinicaldrugdevelopmentmayleadtoan'

immature'

benefit/riskbalanceofnewdrugs，”Apolonesaid.

Heandhiscolleagues“areawarethattrialsstoppedearlybecausetheyareshowingbenefitmayresultinidentificationofpromisingnewtreatmentsforpatients.However，findingsobtainedfollowingthisstrategyshouldbeconsideredtobepreliminaryresultsthatrequiresubsequentconfirmation.”

Itcantakeseveralyearsforthelong-termbenefitsorharmfulsideeffectsofanewtreatmenttobecomeapparent，Apolonenoted，buttheaverageduration（持续时间）ofthe25studiesheandhiscolleaguesanalyzedwas30months，witharangefrom12to64months.

Theyalsofoundthatatthetimefiveofthestudieswerestopped，they'

denrolledlessthan40percentofthetotalnumberofpatientsplannedforfinalanalysis.

“Clinicaltrialsneedtostopearlyforsuperiorbenefitwheneverthere'

sproofbeyondreasonabledoubtthatthenewtreatmentreallyissuperior.Thatwouldbeanethicalobligation，”StuartPocock，aprofessorofmedicalstatisticsattheLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicineintheUnitedKingdom，saidatthenewsconference.“However，toomanytrialsarestoppedearlyclaimingefficacy（功效）withoutstrongevidencebeingavailable.”

16　Thenumberofprematurelystoppedclinicaltrialshasincreasedrecently

ARightB　WrongCNotmentioned

17　Thetrialswerestoppedearlybecausethetreatmentsprovedtobeofnovalue

18　The25trialsinvolvedroughlythesamenumberofparticipants

19　Someofthetrialswereprobablystoppedearlyforcommercialreasons.

20　Participantsinthetrialswerehappywhentheywerestoppedearly

21　Someofthetrialsweretooshorttoshowtheirlong-termeffects

22　StuartPocockbelievedthatinnocaseshouldclinicaltrialsstopearly

第3部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；

（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Cancer

1　　Cancerisagroupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincells，thebody'

sbasicbuildingblocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normallycellsgrowanddividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebodyhealthy.Sometimes，thisorderlyprocessgoeswrong.Newcellsformwhenthebodydoesnotneedthem，andoldcellsdonotdiewhentheyshould.Theextracellsformamassoftissuecalledagrowthortumor.Benign（~良性的）tumorsarenotcancer.Theycanoftenberemovedand，inmostcases，theydonotcomebackMalignant（恶性的）tumorsarecancer.Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormalanddividewithoutcontrolororder.

2　　Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceriscausedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells.Certainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorscanchangesomenormalgenesintogenesthatallowthegrowthofcancer.Manygene

changesthatleadtocanceraretheresultoftobaccouse，diet，exposuretoultravioletradiationfromthesun，orexposuretocarcinogens（致癌物）intheworkplaceorintheenvironment.Somegenealterationsareinherited.

3　　Cancertreatmentcanincludesurgery，radiationtherapy，chemotherapy（化疗），hormonetherapy，andbiologicaltherapy.Thedoctormayuseonemethodoracombinationofmethods，dependingonthetypeandlocationofthecancer，whetherthediseasehasspread，thepatient'

sageandgeneralhealth，andotherfactors.Becausetreatmentforcancercanalsodamagehealthycellsandtissues，itoftencausessideeffects.Patientsanddoctorsgenerallydiscussthetreatmentoptions，weighingthelikelybenefitsofkillingcancercellsandtherisksofpossiblesideeffects.

4　　Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whetherapatienthaspainmaydependonthetypeofcancer，theextentofthedisease，andthepatient'

stoleranceforpain.Mostpainoccurswhenthecancergrowsandpressesagainstbones，organs，ornerves.Painmayalsobeasideeffectoftreatment.However，paincangenerallyberelievedorreducedwithprescriptionmedicinesorover-the-counterdrugsrecommendedbythedoctor.

23　Paragraph1　　　　　。

24　Paragraph2　　　　　。

25　Paragraph3　　　　　。

26　Paragraph4　　　　　。

A　Doescanceralwayscausepain？

B　Cancancerbeprevented？

C　Whatiscancer？

D　Howcommoniscancer？

E　Whatcausescancer？

F　Howiscancertreated？

27　Canceroccurswhencellsmthebodydividewithout

28　Genealterationsmaybecausedby

29　Treatmentforcancermayalsobringaboutsome

30　Cancerpatientsmaydifferintheir

A　prescriptionmedicines

B　controlororder

C　toleranceforpain

D　variousfactors

E　normalgenes

F　differentgenessideeffects

第4部分：

阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

YouthEmancipationinSpain

TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.

Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents'

homes，saysthelatestreportfromthecountry'

sstate-runInstituteofYouth.

Tocoax（劝诱）youngpeoplefromtheirhomes，theInstitutestarteda“YouthEmancipation（解放）”programthismonth.Theprogramoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.

Economistsblameyoungpeople'

sfamilydependenceontheprecarious（不稳定的）labormarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.

Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem，saysociologists（社会学家）。

FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy，PortugalandGreece-arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope，saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport“TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth：

KeyforUnderstanding”。

“Ingeneral，youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhicht