高中英语Unit5Thepowerofnature单元质量评估人教版.docx
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高中英语Unit5Thepowerofnature单元质量评估人教版
单元质量评估（五）
时间：
100分钟 分数：
120分
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Theseaishometobillionsofplantsandanimals.Manyliveonlynearthesunlitsurface.Oceanographersclassifymarinelivingbeingsbyseparatingthemintotwomaingroups:
plantsandanimals.
Therearetwogeneraltypesofplantsfoundintheocean,thosehavingrootsthatareattachedtotheoceanbottomandthosenothavingrootswhichsimplydriftaboutwiththewater.Therootedplantsintheoceanareonlyfoundinshallowwaterbecausethereisnotenoughsunlighttosustainphotosynthesis（光合作用）indeeperwaters.Sincesunlightdoesnotpassmorethanafewhundredfeetintotheocean,mostoftheoceanisnotcapableofsupportingrootedplants.
Themostplentyplantsintheoceanareknownasphytoplankton（浮游生物）．Theseareusuallysingle－celled,minutefloatingplantsthatdriftthroughoutthesurfacewatersoftheocean.Togrow,phytoplanktonneednutrientsfromtheseawaterandlotsofsunlight.
Marineanimalsaredividedintothreegroups:
zooplankton,nekton,andbenthos.Zooplanktonaredriftinganimalsandareusuallysmall,however,theycangrowtofairlylargesize.Forexample,thejellyfishandthePortugueseman－of－warareexamplesoflargertypesofzooplanktonwhichareunabletopropel（推进）themselveseffectively.
Nektonarethefreeswimmersandprobablythelargestportionoffamiliaranimalsfoundintheoceanbelongtothisclass.Commonfishes,theoctopus,whales,eelsandsquidareallexamplesofnekton.
Thethirdtypeofseaanimalspendsitsentirelifeonorintheoceanbottom.Thisgroupofmarineanimalsiscalledthebenthos.Someofthesecreatures,suchaslobstersandsnails,maybeabletomoveaboutonthebottombuttheirlifestyleissoboundupwiththeoceanfloorthattheyareunabletosurviveawayfromthisenvironment.
【语篇解读】 海洋是成千上万种动物和植物的家乡。
海洋植物主要有两种：
有根植物和浮游植物；海洋动物大体可分为三类：
浮游动物、游泳动物和海底动物。
1．Thetextmainlytellsussomethingabout________．
A．marineplantsandmarineanimals
B．twotypesofseaplants
C．threekindsofseaanimals
D．smallandbiganimalsintheocean
解析：
主旨大意题。
本文主要讲述了海洋生物的分类（海洋植物和海洋动物）以及它们的特点。
答案：
A
2．Whycan'twefindtherootedplantsindeepwateroftheocean?
A．Becausetherearetoomanyrocksatthebottomoftheocean.
B．Becausetherootedplantscan'tstandthecoldnessoftheocean.
C．Becausethereisnotenoughsunlightforthemindeepwater.
D．Becausetherootedplantsneedmoresunlightthanplantswhichhavenoroots.
解析：
细节理解题。
根据第二段可知，有根植物不能在很深的海底生存是因为那儿没有充足的阳光来进行光合作用。
答案：
C
3．Oneofthecharacteristicsofzooplanktonisthat________．
A．theyaresmallandnevergrowtolargesize
B．someofthezooplanktoncan'tswimeffectively
C．theycanswimfreelyindeepwateroftheocean
D．theyneedmoresunlightthanotheranimalsintheocean
解析：
细节理解题。
根据倒数第四段最后一句可知，有些浮游动物事实上不能自己前进，也就是说它们实际上不能游泳。
答案：
B
4．Accordingtothelastparagraph,wecanconcludethat_____．
A．benthosliveonthesurfaceoftheoceanwater
B．someofthebenthoscan'tlivewithouttheoceanfloor
C．benthosspendmostoftheirtimeswimmingintheocean
D．benthoscanmoveaboutinthemiddleoftheseawater
解析：
细节理解题。
根据短文最后一句可知海底动物离开海底不能生存。
答案：
B
B
DorisCarvalho，awomanfromTampa，Americahascomeupwithanoriginalwayofcombininghertwogreatestpassions－veterinaryscience（兽医学）andfashion.Sherecyclesdoghairandchangesitintohigh－enddesignerhandbags.
Dorisloveshernewjobsomuchthatshehopestochangeitintoabusiness—she'scurrentlyrunningaKickstartercampaigntoraise$15，000towardthatpurpose.That'sjustenoughmoneytomakeherfirstlineof30handbagsandpayformarketing.
“Thesehandbagsprovethathigh－endcanbemadeeco－friendlyfromyourpetforyou，”shepointedout.“Iturndoghairthatwouldberubbishanywhereelseintheworldintothesehandbags.Iuseittomakethethread.It'sreusedandrecycled.”
IttakesDorisabout50hourstocompleteeachonehandbagwithoutanymachines.Sheneedsabouttwopoundsoffurperhandbagandsheinsiststhatthecompletedhandbagisassoftasanyotherfur.Itispricedat$1，000，butshesaysthatthepricewouldgodowniftheproductsweretoevergointomassproduction.“IhopeinthefutureIcanmakeitcheaperandsellmuchcheaperforeveryone，”shesaid.
Wearen'tsurehowwellthesehandbagsareselling，butaccordingtoJaimeCalderbank，own
erofOneLuckyDoginStPetersburg，italldependsonhowmuchpeoplearewillingtodisplaytheirlovefortheirdogs.“Ithinkafewofthemthatreallylovetheirdogswouldlikesomethinglikethat，”shesaid.
Dorishasmanagedtoraisejust$350eversinceshestartedthecampaign，butshehas50daystoreachher$15，000goal.“Ihopepeoplewholikethecampaigncanhelp，”shesaid.“Anycontributioniswelcome.”
【语篇解读】 多丽丝用废弃的狗毛做成高端手提包。
5．WhatdoyouknowaboutDorisCarvalho?
A．Shemakeshandbagsfromdoghair.
B．Sheisstudyingveterinaryscience.
C．Shestudiedfashiondesignincollege.
D．Sheraiseshomelessdogsinherhometown.
解析：
细节理解题。
根据第一段“Sherecyclesdoghairandchangesitintohigh－enddesignerhandbags.”可知，多丽丝用狗毛做手提包。
答案：
A
6．WhydidDorisCarvalhostarttheKickstartercampaign?
A．Toletmorepeopleknowherhandbags.
B．Tocollectdoghairtomakehandbags.
C．Tohelpprotecttheenvironment.
D．Toraisesomemoneyforherbusiness.
解析：
细节理解题。
根据第二段“...shehopestochangeitintoabusiness—she'scurrentlyrunningaKickstartercampaigntoraiseD|S15，000towardthatpurpose.”可知，多丽丝想要把用狗毛做手提包当成一项事业，所以她在Kickstarter众筹平台筹钱。
答案：
D
7．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________．
A．itisnoteasytoreuseandrecycledoghair
B．doghairisthemostsuitablematerialf
orhandbags
C．whatDorishasdonebenefitsthesurroundings
D．noonesupportedDorisCarvalho'scampaign
解析：
推理判断题。
根据第三段内容可知，多丽丝把被当作垃圾的狗毛做成手提包，这使得狗毛被回收和再利用，由此可推知，多丽丝的手提包对环境有益。
答案：
C
C
Alltradeinfivenamedspeciesofsharksistoberegulated（管制）fromnowon.Withoutapermit，thesaleoftheirmeatorfins（鳍）willbeforbidden.
TheregulationwasagreedlastyearatameetingoftheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesinThailand.Accordingtotherules，thewhitetip（白鳍鲨），theporbeagle（鼠鲨），andthreevarietiesofhammerheadwillbeprotected.Besides，mantarays（比目鱼），valuedfortheirgills（鳃）whichareusedinChinesemedicine，willalsobeprotected.
Theactionisseenasthemostimportantoneinthe40－yearhistorytoprotectthesespecies.
“Regulatinginternationaltradeinthesesharkandmantarayspecieshasagreateffectontheirsurvivalandisaveryclearwayofhelpingtoprotectsharksandouroceans，”saidSecretaryGeneralJohnScanlon.“Thepracticalstepswillinvolveissuessuchaslimitingexportlevels，andidentifyingthefins，gillsandmeatthatareintrade.Thismayseemchallenging，butbyworkingtogetherwecandoitandwewilldoit.”
Undertherules，alltradeinthesesharksandraysacross180countrieswillnotbeallowedunlesstheyhavegottheirpermitsgivenbythenationalrelatedorganization.
Asamatteroffact，tradeinsharkfinshasalreadydecreasedgreatlyasaresultofcampaignstoraiseawareness.Recentlyithasbeenreportedthatsaleshavegonedownby70%.Earlierthisyearthehotelgiant，HiltonWorldwidestoppedservingshar
kfinsatits96ownedandmanagedAsia－Pacifichotels.
However，Denmark，Canada，Guyana，Japan，IcelandandYemenhaveallannouncedtheywillnotfollowthenewrulesandwillcontinuetofishforsomeorallofthesespecies.Undertheregulationsthough，theyareonlyabletotradewithothercountriesthatarealsoreadytoignoretherules.
Officialspointoutthatforsuchaquestionedissue，thenumberofcountrieswhichisgoingtocontinuethetradeissmall.
【语篇解读】 去年在泰国的一个国际会议上，与会人员通过了保护鲨鱼和比目鱼的规定。
人们需要获得许可证才能捕杀和交易鲨鱼。
8．Thepurposeofputtingthenewrulesintoforceisto_______．
A．limitpeople'stradeinoceananimals'meat
B．protectsomespeciesofsharksagainstoverfishing
C．letfishersknowtheimportanceofprotectingsharks
D．preventbighotelsfromservingsharks'meat
解析：
细节理解题。
根据第一、二段内容可知，实施新规定的目的是保护五种鲨鱼和比目鱼，只有获得许可，人们才可以捕捞和贩卖这些鲨鱼。
答案：
B
9．Whichofthefollowingdoesn'tbelongtospeciesofsharks?
A．Themantaray.
B．Theporbeagle.
C．Thewhitetip.
D．Thehammerhead.
解析：
细节理解题。
根据第二段“Accordingtotherules，thewhitetip，theporbeagle，andthreevarietiesofhammerheadwillbeprotected.Besides，mantarays...”可知，比目鱼不属于鲨鱼。
答案：
A
10．WhatcanbeinferredfromJohnScanlon'swordsinParagraph4?
A．Theregulationmayhavesomene
gativeeffectsonsharks.
B．Theexportofsharks'meatwillbecalledoffinsomeperiods.
C．It'snearlyimpossibletocarryouttheregulationworldwide.
D．Officialsareconfidentthattheregulationshaveapromisingfuture.
解析：
推理判断题。
根据第四段“Thismayseemchallenging，butbyworkingtogetherwecandoitandwewilldoit.”可知，约翰认为虽然很具有挑战性，但是只要人们一起努力，保护鲨鱼的行动就会成功，由此可推知，官方对新规定的前景很看好。
答案：
D
11．HiltonWorldwideisagoodexampleof________．
A．people'sgettingtheirpermitstotradeinsharkfins
B．asuccessfulcompany'smanagingitswealth
C．people'sbeginningtostopeatingsharkfins
D．people'sraisingawarenesstoprotectsharks
解析：
推理判断题。
根据第六段内容可知，随着保护鲨鱼意识的提高，鲨鱼交易已经大幅度减少了。
希尔顿酒店停止向顾客出售鱼翅，这给提高保护鲨鱼意识做出了好的表率。
答案：
D
D
Snooker（桌球）isabilliards（台球）stylegameenjoyedbymillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.Buthowdidthisgamecomeintobeing?
ThebirthofSnookercomesfromthe19thcenturywhenBritishArmyofficersstationedinIndia.Theseofficersoftenplayedbilliardsbutthegameonlyhadtwoplayers.Inordertoplaywithmanyplayers,moreballswereintroducedtothematchandmoreplayersbegantoplayineachgame.ThenewgamesthatformedwerecalledBlackPoolandLifePool.Theyfinallycombinedinthelate1
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