综合英语教程第一册第三版Unit 8 The Message behind the Smile文档格式.docx
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might"
could"
.However"
and"
arenowgenerallyused.Requestswith"
couldbetooformalandthosewith"
soundold-fashioned.
Toaskforsomethinginaninformal,indirectway,youcanuse"
Haveyougot...?
or"
Youhaven'
tgot...,haveyou?
Foracustomertoaskforsomethinginabar,shop,restaurant,café
orhotel,requestscanbemadelikethis:
e.g.Onesalad,oneglassofredwine,please.
I'
dlikeasingleroom,please.
Youcanasksomeonetodosomethingbysaying"
Canyou...?
Willyou...?
ininformalsituations.Tomakeitmorepolite,youcanuse"
Couldyou...,please?
Wouldyou...,please?
Informallettersandspeeches,youuseverypoliteexpressionstomakerequests:
e.g.Iwouldbegratefulifyouletmeknow.
Youcanuseexpressionssuchas"
Wouldyoudomeafavor?
Iwonderifyoucoulddomeafavor"
toindicatethatyouareabouttomakearequest.
Possiblewaystomakerequests:
Couldyoupossiblypassmethesalt?
Wouldyoubesokindastogivemeacall?
Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?
Doyouthinkyoucouldposttheletterforme?
Iwonderifyoucouldgoshoppingwithme?
tgotatorch手电筒,haveyou?
llhaveaglassofbeer.
HaveyougotabookcalledEvolution?
Can/Willyouturnonthelight?
Could/Wouldyouturnontheheater,please?
Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldmakeanearlyreply.
Wouldyoukindlysendmeabrochureofyourschool?
Bill,wouldyoudomeafavor?
Couldyoulendyourtextbooktomeforjustoneday?
Waystoreplytoarequest:
Yes,Ok.
Allright.
Sure.
Certainly.
mafraidIcan'
t.
Sorry,Ican'
Goahead,please.
2.Conversationone
1）Havestudentspracticetheconversation,andhighlightthesentencesformakingpoliterequests.
MayIspeaktoJudy?
（Atelephoneformula）
MakeItakeamessage?
（Arequestforpermission）
Pleaseaskherto…（ArequestforJudy’ssister）
Couldyoupossiblyaskher…
TheserequestssuggestSusanwasverypolite,sowemayinferthatshewasn’tveryfamiliartoJudy’ssister.
2）Wordsandphrases
1.Residence[ˈrezidəns]:
n.aperson'
shouse,especiallyalargeandimpressiveone寓所，住宅，大宅
inresidence:
livinginoroccupyingaparticularplace
居住于（某一场所）；
占用（某一场所）
takeupresidence
:
startlivinginaparticularplace.开始定居于…
permanentresidence永久住处
changeone'
sresidence改变住所
2.tennis[ˈtenis]:
agameinwhichtwoorfourplayersstrikeaballwithracketsoveranetstretchedacrossacourt.Theusualform（originallycalledlawntennis）isplayedwithafelt-coveredhollowrubberballonagrass,clay,orartificialsurface网球运动
tennisarm[elbow]网球员肘病tennisshoes网球鞋,跑鞋
atenniscourt网球场tabletennis乒乓球运动
3.cousin[ˈkʌzn]:
achildofone'
suncleoraunt堂兄弟；
堂姐妹；
表兄弟；
表姐妹
cousin-in-law表姐［妹］夫，表嫂，表弟媳，堂姐［妹］夫，堂嫂，堂弟媳
4.racquet=racket[ˈræ
kit]:
n.abatwitharoundorovalframestrungwithcatgut,nylon,etc.,usedespeciallyintennis,badminton,andsquash（尤指网球、羽毛球和软式墙网球的）球拍
5.extra[ˈekstrə]:
adj.addedtoanexistingorusualamountornumber额外的，分外的，外加的
extraloss额外损失extrabus加（班）车extraallowance特别津贴
extrahand临时雇工extratrain加（班火）车
Wedonotaskforextrapay.我们不要求额外报酬。
6.acoupleof
several两三个，（少数）几个
7.altogether:
adv.1）completely;
totally彻底地，完全地；
整个地
2）includingeverythingoreveryone;
intotal.所有地；
总共地
inthealtogether
withoutanyclotheson;
naked（非正式）一丝不挂的，裸体的
eg:
she'
sagreedtoposeinthealtogether.她同意摆裸体姿态。
8.prerecord[ˈpri:
riˈkɔ:
d]
v.（无线电与电视）预先录制（广告、节目等）
pre-recordedadj.（指磁带）已录影的，已录音的
3.Speakingproperly
1）Appropriate
Flatmate:
apersonwhosharesaflatwithothers（英）合住一套公寓的人
2）Toodirect
Motorbikeisusuallyavaluableobject.Youcanmaketherequestlikethis:
Hi,Paul,doyoumindifIaskyouforabigfavor?
Iknowyoucouldn’tliketolendyourmotorbike.ButIhaveanurgentneedtogodowntownforanimportantdate.CouldIborrowitthisafternoonifyou’renotusingit?
Ipromisetotakegoodcareofit,andreturnittoyoubyfive.
3）Inappropriate,veryrude,anditsoundslikeyouwanttohaveafight
Ass[ɑ:
s,as]
屁股
Youcanbefairlydirectwhenmakingtherequestbysaying:
Comeon!
Getoutthebathroom.You’vebeenintherefortoolong.Don’tbeselfish.
4）Inappropriateevenifyourflatmateisnotatidyperson/
Soup[su:
p]
aliquiddish,typicallysavouryandmadebyboilingmeat,fish,orvegetablesetc.instockorwater汤；
羹
Mark:
asmallareaonasurfacehavingadifferentcolourfromitssurroundings,typicallyonecausedbyaccidentordamage（尤指事故、伤害导致的）痕；
疤痕；
斑
Youcanmaketherequestlikethis:
Hi,Tom,canyoutidyupthedesk,andclearuptheroom?
4.Communicatingculturally.
1.PuertoRican[ˌpwə:
təuˈri:
kən]
波多黎各人
2.Thoughtless:
adj.1）（ofapersonortheirbehaviour）notshowingconsiderationfortheneedsofotherpeople（人，行为）不为他人着想的，不顾及他人的
2）withoutconsiderationofthepossibleconsequences.不考虑后果的，轻率的
3.Offend[əˈfend]
（常作beoffended）causetofeelupset,annoyed,orresentful得罪；
冒犯
4.
TextTheMessageBehindtheSmile
Leadingin
1.Describeasmile.
Theteacherfindstwostudentstogivesmileandthenasksotherstudentstodescribe.Theteacherlistssomewordsthatcanbeusedtodescribeasmileasreference:
attractive,instinctive,artificial,wry,
pleasurable,genuine,forced,incomprehensible
Theteacherthenexplainsthemeaningsoftheseadjectives,describingthewordsmile.
attractivesmile:
漂亮的（诱人的,有吸引力的）微笑
instinctivesmile:
直率,真诚的（本能的）微笑
artificialsmile:
装出来的,虚假的微笑
wrysmile:
（英国人特有的表示幽默,冷嘲,乐趣,厌恶等感情时将嘴角作微微翘起状的）狡黠的微笑;
面部扭曲的微笑
pleasurablesmile:
令人高兴的微笑
genuinesmile:
真诚的微笑,天真无邪的微笑
forcedsmile:
强作的微笑,苦笑
incomprehensiblesmile:
令人难以琢磨的微笑,难解的笑
2.Pre-readingtasks:
Theteacherpresents3pre-readingquestionstothestudentsandaskthemtoanswer:
1）Dopeoplesmileinthesameway?
Theteacherasksthestudentstotalkabouttimeswhenwheyhaveexperienceddifferentkindsofsmile.
2）Whatarethefunctionsofasmile?
·
expresspleasure
makepeopleattractive
helpcommunicatewithotherseasily
hidepeople’srealfeelings（e.g.embarrassment,anger,sadness,disgust,etc.）
3）Whatkindofsmilewouldyouprefer?
3.Words&
Phrases
Ask2studentstoreadthenewwords,andthentheteacherexplainssomeofthem.
Paragraph1
1.fake:
n.athingthatisnotgenuine;
personwhotriestodeceiveothers假货，赝品
adj.notgenuine:
伪造的，假冒的
e.g.afakepolicemansynonym:
counterfeit:
n./adj.仿冒品；
伪造的，假装的
v.
makesth.sothatitseemsgenuine伪造，假冒
e.g.Hefakedhisfather’ssignature.
pretendtofeelorsufferfrom（anemotionorillness）.:
假装，伪装（感情，疾病）
e.g.fakesurprise:
pretendtobesurprised
Paragraph2
1.psychologist.[saɪˈkɔlədʒɪst]
心理学家→psychology[saiˈkɔlədʒi]心理学
philosopher[fiˈlɔsəfə]哲学家→philosophy[fiˈlɔsəfi]
哲学
2.pickup:
obtain,acquire,orlearnsomething,especiallywithoutformalarrangementsorinstruction（尤指未经正式安排或指点）获得，取得，学会
hehadpickedupalittleRussianfromhisfather.他从父亲那儿学了点俄语。
3.apparently:
1）asfarasoneknowsorcansee看来，根据所能观察到情况来看
thechildnodded,apparentlycontentwiththepromise.孩子点了点头，看来他对这个许诺还满意。
2）usedbyspeakersorwriterstoavoidcommittingthemselvestothetruthofwhattheyaresaying.[为避免对所说或所写内容的真实性表态时使用]似乎
Eg:
ministersmetbutapparentlyfailedtomakeprogress.部长们开了会，但似乎没有取得什么进展
4.wrinkle[ˈriŋkl]:
n.
linesonyourfaceorskinwhenyouareold;
smalloruntidyfoldinapieceofclothingorpaper;
皱，皱纹；
褶皱
smallproblems（非正式）困难，难题；
障碍
e.g.ironoutthewrinkles:
tosolvethesmallproblemsinsth.
v.tomovepartofyourfacesotherearewrinklesonoraroundit使起皱纹
e.g.wrinkleyournose/eyes/browetc.
5.function:
n.
specialactivityorpurposeofapersonorthing功能
importantsocialeventorofficialceremony宴会，典礼
（mathematics）函数
work,operate工作，运转，起作用
e.g.Thismachinehasstoppedfunctioning.（故障，outofwork）
（functionassth.）:
workas/usedas,serveas起…作用；
执行…任务
e.g.Thesofacanalsofunctionasabed.
6.vital[ˈvaitl]:
adj.
connectedwithornecessarytolife;
fatal生命的，致命的，生命必需的
e.g.Theheartperformsavitalbodilyfunction.（playsanimportantrole）
avitalwound致命伤avitalquestion生死攸关的问题
bevitalto/for:
veryimportant/essentialto/for必不可少的；
必要的
e.g.Itisvitalthatthematteriskeptsecret.
ofvitalimportance
energeticorlively有生命力的
n.vitality[vaiˈtæ
liti]:
energy活力
abilitytocontinuefunctioning生命力
7.survival[səˈvaivəl]
n.thestateorfactofcontinuingtoliveorexist,typicallyinspiteofanaccident,ordeal,ordifficult
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