山东省届高三下学期开学检测英语试题解析版.docx

山东省届高三下学期开学检测英语试题解析版.docx

《山东省届高三下学期开学检测英语试题解析版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《山东省届高三下学期开学检测英语试题解析版.docx（26页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

山东省届高三下学期开学检测英语试题解析版

山东省2020届高三下学期开学检测英语试题

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

Someofthegreatestscientistsofalltimearewomenwhohavemadeimportantdiscoveriesinavarietyoffieldsinscience.Severaloftheircontributionsthroughouthistoryareevenmorethanmen’scontributions.Ourlistofthemostfamousfemalescientistsbelowareorganizedinorderofpopularitysoyoucanreadabouttheadvancementsthattheymade.

MarieCurie（1867-1934）

FamousFor:

Workonradioactivity

MarieCuriewasthefirstwomantowintheNobelPrizeandtheonlywomantowinthisawardintwofields:

PhysicsandChemistry.ShediscoveredpoloniumandradiumandherworkhelpedwiththecreationofX-rays.

JaneGoodall（1934）

FamousFor:

Primate（灵长类）studies

JaneGoodallisknownworld-wideforhergroundbreakingstudiesonprimates.Sheisconsideredasthetopexpertonchimpsintheworldandisperhapsbestknownforher45-yearstudyonthesociallivesoftheseanimalsinTanzania.

RitaLevi-Montalcini（1909-2012）

FamousFor:

Nervegrowthstudies

RitaLevi-Montalciniwasaneurologist（神经病学家）whowontheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicinein1986forherfindingsinNerveGrowthFactor（NGF）.ShewasthefirstNobelPrizewinnertolivepasther100thbirthday.

LiseMeitner（1878-1968）

FamousFor:

Workonradioactivityandnuclearphysics

LiseMeitnerwasakeymemberofagroupthatdiscoverednuclearfission（裂变）.Oneofhercolleagues,OttoHahn,wasgiventheNoblePrizeforthiswork.ThatMeitnerdidn’tgettheawardisconsideredtobeahugeerrorbytheNobelcommittee.

1.Whoisstillcontributingtotheworld?

A.MarieCurie.B.JaneGoodall.

C.RitaLevi-Montalcini.D.LiseMeitner.

2.WhatdidRitaLevi-Montalcinireseachon?

A.Nervegrowth.B.Thewildlife.

C.Nuclearexplosion.D.Radioactivity.

3.WhatdoweknowaboutLiseMeitner?

A.ShewasawardedtheNobelPrize.

B.Shemadeabigmistakeinherwork.

C.Shedidlotsofstudiesaboutnervegrowth.

D.Shemadegreatcontributionstonuclearphysics.

B

Knowingmoreaboutsciencethantheaveragemiddlestudent,CarolineCrouchley,13,ofGardenCityisafinalistinthe20193MYoungScientistChallenge.Theannualcompetitiontasksstudentsingradesfifthtoeighthwithmakingavideotracingauniquesolutiontoaneverydayproblem.Crouchleyisoneof10finalistschosenoutofthousandsofstudentsthisyear.

Afterwatchingherbrotherenterthecompetitionseveralyearsago,Crouchley,whohasalwayslovedscience,couldn’twaitforherturn.InMay,shesubmittedatwo-minutevideoaboutherideatotheorganizertocreategrowingmethodsofpublictransportation.WhenshefoundoutshewasafinalistinJune,shecouldn’tbelieveit.

Crouchley’sprojectwasinspiredbytheconstructionsheseeseverydayoutsideherwindowinGardenCity,aswellastheLongIslandRailroad’srecentexpansion.Shenoticedtransportationcausespollutioninhercommunity,andshewasdeterminedtofindawaytostopit.

“Maybeoneday,wecanhavebettertechnologyandfindawaytohelptheenvironment,”Crouchleysaid.Inhervideo,Crouchleyexplainsthattheuseoffossilfuelsletoutbypublictransportationisamajorcauseofenvironmentalproblems.Shebelievestechnologythatreducestheneedforadiesel（柴油）engineoranelectricmotoristhesolution.Toshowherideainaction,shedesignedanewtypeoftrain.

CrouchleycreatedacomputerizedsystemdesignmodelforhertrainusinganengineeringprogramcalledAutodeskInventor.Shebroughtthetraintolifeusinga3Dprinter,magnets（磁铁）andasolar-poweredaircompressor（压缩机）.Crouchleysaidittookalongtimetodevelopherideasandmakethevideo.Shehadtoworkunderdeadlines,too,whichshesaidwasstressful.

4.What’sthecompetitionabout?

A.Solvingdailyproblems.

B.Knowingaboutscience.

C.Meetingpersonalcuriosity.

D.Answeringthequestiononscience.

5.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“tracing”inparagraph1?

A.arrestingB.overcoming

C.describingD.accumulating

6.What’sthepurposeofCrouchley’sproject?

A.Tohelpprotecttheenvironment.

B.Toinventanewkindoftransportation.

C.Toinspireteenagerstostrugglefortheirdreams.

D.Tofindasolutiontoavoidusingtransportation.

7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesCrouchley?

A.Energetic.B.Creative.

C.Humorous.D.Demanding.

C

Youmighteasilygainaccesstofreshfruitandvegetables,butthisisn’tthecaseinsomepartsofAmerica.TheU.S.hasmanyareasthatareconsideredasfooddeserts,whicharedefinedaspartsofthecountryshortoffreshfruit,vegetablesandotherhealthyfood,usuallyfoundinpoorareas.

Fooddesertsareurbanareaswherethenearestgrocerystoreismorethan1mileaway,andruralareaswherethenearestgrocerystoreismorethan10milesaway.AccordingtotheUSDA,19millionAmericansor6.2%ofthepopulation-liveinplacesthatcanbeconsideredasfooddeserts.

Theissueisn’tnecessarilyaboutthedifferenceincostbetweenhealthyandunhealthyfoodsintheseareasbutit’saboutalackofaccesstohealthychoicesatall.And,withthelackofhealthyfoodchoices,theseareastypicallyhavealargesupplyofunhealthyfoodssoldatfast-foodcompaniesandconveniencestores.

Eatingunhealthyfoodscanleadtooverweight,whichputspeopleatriskforallkindsofmajorhealthissues,includinghighbloodpressure,heartdisease,andsomecancers.

Butsomepeople,especiallythosewhocannotaffordacar,arestuckwitheatingwhat’sreadilyavailable.Inthecaseoffooddeserts,it’susuallythetypeoffoodthatcanleadtoover-weight.Studieshaveshownthatthisislikelytobeaprobleminlow-incomeareas.Whenmoneyisnotenough,peopletendtobuyfoodsthatlastlongerandremovefoodwaste,whichisawasteoftheirlimitedincome.

Lackofaccessisonlyonepartoftheproblem,however.Astudypublishedin2018foundthatfoodinequalitywasn’tremoved.Thebiggerissuewaslikelythelackofeducationandnutritionalknowledgeinthesecommunities,whichpreventspeoplewithlowerincomesfromunderstandingthebenefitsofhealthyeating.

Whileoverweightisasignificantissueinthesecommunities,thecostofunhealthyeatingisn’tjustphysical.Astudyfoundthat71billiondollarsinhealthcarecostsduetochronicdiseasescouldbesavedthroughhealthiereating.

8.Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.6.2%oftheAmericansliveinpoorareas.

B.SomepartsoftheUSAlackfreshvegetables.

C.SomepeopleinAmericadon’tneedfreshfruit.

D.Peopleinthefooddesertsbuyfreshvegetableseasily.

9.Whycanfast-foodcompaniesselllargeamountsofunhealthyfoodinthefooddeserts?

A.Theseareasarerichinunhealthyfoodmaterials.

B.Fast-foodcompanieswanttomakealargerprofit.

C.Healthyfoodchoicesareunavailableintheseareas.

D.Peopleintheseareaspreferunhealthyfoodtohealthyfood.

10.Whatdostudiessayaboutpeopleinlow-incomeareas?

A.Theyarelesslikelytohaveoverweightproblems.

B.Theyaredelightedtopreparefoodforthemselves.

C.Theyhavetobuyfoodthatcanbepreservedlonger.

D.Theyareusedtoeatingfooddonatedbyfoodcompanies.

11.Whatstopspeoplefromunderstandinghealthyeatingbenefitsinthefooddeserts?

A.Lackofgovernmentfinancialsupport.

B.Lackofknowledgeofdiseaseprevention.

CLackofsocialpromotionofhealthyeating.

D.Lackofeducationandknowledgeinnutrition.

D

Rescuingvictimsfromaburningbuildingachemicalspill,oranydisasterthatisinaccessibletohumanresponderscouldonedaybeataskforadaptablerobots.Imagine,forinstance,rescue-robotsrisingupontwolegscanboundthroughrubble（碎石）,pushasideaheavyobstacle,orbreakthroughalockeddoor.

Engineersareimprovingthedesignoffour-leggedrobotsandtheirabilitytorun,jumpandevendobackleaps.Butgettingtwo-legged,human-likerobotstouseforceorpushagainstsomethingwithoutfallinghasbeenalionintheway.

NowengineersatMITandtheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaignhavedevelopedamethodtocontrolbalanceinatwo-legged,tele-operatedrobot-anessentialsteptowardenablingahuman-liketocarryouthigh-impacttasksinchallengingenvironments.Theteam’srobot,physicallyresemblingamachinedbodyandtwolegs,iscontrolledremotelybyahumanoperatorwearingavestthatsendsinformationaboutthehuman’smotionandgroundreactionforcestotherobot.Throughthevest,thehumanoperatorcandirectandexperiencetherobot’smovements.Iftherobotisstartingtotipover,thehumanfeelsthesamepullonthevestandcanadjustinawaytorebalancebothhimselfandtherobot.

Inexperimentswiththerobottotestthisnew“balancefeedback”approach,theresearcherswereabletoremotelymaintaintherobot’sbalanceasitjumpedandwalkedinsync（同步）withitshumanoperator.

“It’slikerunningwithaheavybackpack-youcanfeelhowthedynamics（力）ofthebackpackmovearoundyou,andyoucanmakeupproperly,”saysJoaoRamos,whodevelopedtheapproachasanMITPostdoctor.“Nowifyouwanttoopenaheavydoor,thehumancancommandtherobottothrowitsbodyatthedoorandpushitopen,withoutlosingbalance.”

12.What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?

A.Advertiseanewrobot.

B.Showtheappearanceoftherobot.

C.Telltheprincipleofthetwo-leggedrobot.

D.Introducethepurposeofthetwo-leggedrobot.

13.Whatisthetroublewithhuman-likerobots?

A.It’shardforthemtodobackleaps.

B.It’shardforthemtokeeptheirbalance.

C.Theycan’tpushagainstanythinghard.

D.Theyoftenfalldownwhenmeetingthelions.

14.Whatisspe