英语高一英语阅读理解易错剖析及解析.docx

英语高一英语阅读理解易错剖析及解析.docx

《英语高一英语阅读理解易错剖析及解析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语高一英语阅读理解易错剖析及解析.docx（53页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

英语高一英语阅读理解易错剖析及解析

（英语）高一英语阅读理解易错剖析及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Chinesescientistsrecentlyhaveproducedtwomonkeyswiththesamegene,ZhongZhongandHuaHua,usingthesametechniquethatgaveusDollythesheep.Thesemonkeysarenotactuallythefirstprimates（灵长类）tobecloned.AnotheronenamedTetrawasproducedinthelate1990sbyembryo（胚胎）splitting,thedivisionofanearly-stageembryointotwoorfourseparatecellstomakeclones.Bycontrast,theywereeachmadebyreplacinganeggcellnucleus（原子核）withDNAfromadifferentiatedbodycell.ThisDollymethod,knownassomaticcellnucleartransfer（SCNT）,cancreatemoreclonesandallowsresearchersgreatercontrolovertheeditstheymaketotheDNA.

   Successcamefromadoptingseveralnewtechniques.Theseincludedanewtypeofmicroscopytobetterviewthecellsduringhandlingorusingseveralmaterialsthatencouragecellreprogramming,whichhadn'tbeentriedbeforeonprimates.Still,theresearchprocessproveddifficult,andmanyattemptsbytheteamfailed.Justtwohealthybabymonkeysbornfrommorethan60testedmothers.Thisleadstomanyresearchers'pouringwaterontheideathattheteam'sresultsbringscientistsclosertocloninghumans.Theythoughtthisworkisnotasteppingstonetoestablishingmethodsforobtaininglivebornhumanclones.Instead,thisclearlyremainsaveryfoolishthingtoattempt,itwouldbefartooinefficient,fartoounsafe,anditisalsopointless.

   Butthescientistsinvolvedemphasizethatthisisnottheirgoal.Thereisnownobarrierforcloningprimatespecies,thuscloninghumansisclosertoreality.However,theirresearchpurposeisentirelyforproducingnon-humanprimatemodelsforhumandiseases;theyabsolutelyhavenointention,andsocietywillnotpermitthisworktobeextendedtohumans.Despitelimitations,theytreatthisbreakthroughanovelmodelsystemforscientistsstudyinghumanbiologyanddisease.

（1）WhatdoweknowaboutthetechnologycalledSCNT?

A. Itcreatedthefirsttwoprimates.                     B. ItmaycontributetoeditingtheDNA

C. Itcandivideanearly-stageembryointoseveralcells.         

D. Itproducedtwoclonedmonkeyswithdifferentgenes.

（2）Whatdoestheauthormeanby“pouringwaterontheidea”inparagraph2?

A. Keepingahottopicofit.                                 

B. Havingalowopinionofit.

C. Attachingnoimportancetoit.                        

D. Addingsupportiveevidencetoit.

（3）Whatisthescientists'purposetoclonethesemonkeys?

A. Tohelpwiththestudyofhumandiseases.         

B. Toserveasasteppingstonetotheirreputation.

C. Topreparefortheirresearchonhumancloning.         

D. Toraisemoneyforholdinganexhibitionofnovels.

（4）Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A. Newtechniquesseemtobepointless.           

B. Cloninghumansisalreadyonitsway.

C. Societywon'tagreetocloneanothermonkey.         

D. Thesuccessrateofcloningamonkeywasnothigh.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家们利用高科技克隆猴子帮助研究人类疾病。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“ThisDollymethod,knownassomaticcellnucleartransfer（SCNT）,cancreatemoreclonesandallowsresearchersgreatercontrolovertheeditstheymaketotheDNA.”可知，SCNT可能有助于编辑DNA。

故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“Still,theresearchprocessproveddifficult,andmanyattemptsbytheteamfailed.Justtwohealthybabymonkeysbornfrommorethan60testedmothers.Thisleadstomanyresearchers'pouringwaterontheideathattheteam'sresultsbringscientistsclosertocloninghumans.”可知在第二段中“pouringwaterontheidea”的意思是“对它的评价很低。

”故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“However,theirresearchpurposeisentirelyforproducingnon-humanprimatemodelsforhumandiseases;theyabsolutelyhavenointention,andsocietywillnotpermitthisworktobeextendedtohumans.”可知，科学家们克隆这些猴子的目的是帮助研究人类疾病。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“Theythoughtthisworkisnotasteppingstonetoestablishingmethodsforobtaininglivebornhumanclones.Instead,thisclearlyremainsaveryfoolishthingtoattempt,itwouldbefartooinefficient,fartoounsafe,anditisalsopointless.“和最后一段中的“Despitelimitations,theytreatthisbreakthroughanovelmodelsystemforscientistsstudyinghumanbiologyanddisease.“可知，克隆一只猴子的成功率并不高。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.Theyneedtodomoretopreparefortheside-effects.

   Forthepast3,000years,whenpeoplethoughtofmoneytheythoughtofcash.Overthepastdecade,however,digitalpaymentshavetakenoff—tappingyourplasticonaterminalorswipingasmartphonehasbecomenormal.Nowthisrevolutionisabouttoturncashintoanendangeredspeciesinsomericheconomies.Thatwillmaketheeconomymoreefficient—butitalsocausesnewproblemsthatcouldholdbackthetransition（转型）.

   Countriesareremovingcashatvaryingspeeds.InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.Americaisperhapsadecadebehind.Outsidetherichworld,cashisstillking.Buteventhereitsleadingroleisbeingchallenged.InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.

   Cashisdyingoutbecauseoftwoforces.Oneisdemand—youngerconsumerswantpaymentsystemsthatplugeasilyintotheirdigitallives.Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms（indevelopedmarkets）andtelecomscompanies（inemergingones）aredevelopingfast,easy-to-usepaymenttechnologiesfromwhichtheycanpulldataandpocketfees.Thereisahighcosttorunningtheinfrastructurebehindthecasheconomy—ATMs,vanscarryingnotes,tellerswhoacceptcoins.Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.

   Inthemain,theprospectofacashlesseconomyisexcellentnews.Cashisinefficient.Whenpaymentsdematerialise,peopleandshopsarelessopentotheft.Italsocreatesacredithistory,helpingconsumersborrow.

   Yetsetagainstthesebenefitsareacoupleofworries.Electronicpaymentsystemsmayrisktechnicalfailures,powerfailureandcyber-attacks.Inacashlesseconomythepoor,theelderlyandcountryfolkmaybeleftbehind.Andadigitalsystemcouldletgovernmentswatchoverpeople'sshoppinghabitsandprivatemultinationalsexploittheirpersonaldata.

（1）Somerichcountriesaretryingto     .

A. dematerializemoney

B. getridoftheside-effectsofcash

C. maketheeconomymoreefficientbyprotectingendangeredspecies

D. promotepaymentwithoutpapermoneyorcoins

（2）Inparagraph3,severalcountriesarementionedtoshow    .

A. thedifferencesbetweendevelopedanddevelopingcountries

B. thatcashisstillkingacrosstheworld

C. digitalpaymentsarebecomingatrendthatcannotbestopped

D. Chinaisdevelopingfasterthatthosedevelopedcountriesindigitalpayment

（3）Cashisdisappearinglargelybecause     .

A. youngerconsumersareshortofmoneytolivetheirdigitallives

B. suppliersaretryingtoreducecostsandobtainmoneyanddata

C. theinfrastructureisdevelopingatahighspeedindevelopedmarkets

D. financialfirmswanttoabandonold-fashionedcustomers

（4）Theauthor'sattitudetowardsdigitalizedpaymentis    .

A. favorable                         

B. negative                         

C. objective                         

D. indifferent

【答案】

（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，富裕国家正在减少现金支付,现金正在因为需求等原因消失。

总的来说,无现金经济的未来是个好消息,但是对于电子支付人们也有一些担忧。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Richcountriesareracingtodematerialisepayments.”可知,富裕国家正竞相将支付非物质化；再根据第三段中的“InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.”在过去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售现金交易数量下降了80％。

结合上下文,可知某些富裕国家比如瑞典正在减少现金支付,推广不用纸币或硬币的支付方式,也就是电子支付方式。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“InSwedenthenumberofretailcashtransactionperpersonhasfallenby80%inthepasttenyears.”可知在过去的十年中,瑞典的人均零售现金交易数量下降了80％；再根据“InChinadigitalpaymentsrosefrom4%ofallpaymentsin2012to34%in2017.”可知在中国,数字支付从2012年占所有支付的4％上升到2017年的34％。

瑞典和中国的共同点是现金支付减少,电子支付比例上升,由此可推断作者提到瑞典和中国是为了说明数字支付正成为一种不可阻挡的趋势。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Butequallyimportantisthatsupplierssuchasbanksandtechfirms（indevelopedmarkets）...Mostfinancialfirmsarekeentoabandonit,ordiscourageold-fashionedcustomerswithheavyfees.”可知现金消失的一个重要原因就是诸如银行和科技公司（在发达市场）和电信公司（在新兴市场）之类的供应商正在开发快速,易于使用的支付技术,他们可以从中提取数据和小费。

运行现金经济背后的基础架构需要付出高昂的成本,这些基础设施包括自动取款机,载有纸币的货车,接受硬币的出纳员。

大多数金融公司都渴望放弃它,或者以高昂的费用劝阻老式客户。

也就是供应商为了减少成本,获取数据和小费,开发了更便捷的支付方式,导致现金支付的减少。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，,作者提到无现金支付即电子支付的好处,也提到电子支付引起的担忧,对待电子支付是客观的,故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Onacollegecampingtrip,curiosityaboutwavesandsandcausedRobThielertostudyshorelinesaroundtheworld.ThirtyyearslaterandnowaU.S.GeologicalSurveyresearchgeologist,Thieler,iscombiningscienceandsmartphonetechnologytohelpstudyanendangeredbird,theAtlanticCoastpipingplover.

   Thepipingploverisashorebirdthatbreeds（繁殖）alongtheAtlanticCoast,theGreatLakesandtheGreatPlains.Risingsealevelsassociatedwithclimatechange,aswellasincreaseddevelopmentintheirbeachhabitats（栖息地）,threatenthespecies（物种）.Tohelptrackchangesinpipingploverhabitats,ThielerdevelopedafreeappcallediPloverin2012.Thisisamarkedchangefromthetypicalwayscientistscollectdata,whichinvolvesgatheringinformationusingspecializedequipmentorwritinginnotebooksandthenputtingintospreadsheets.

   SincereleasingiPlover,scientistshavegathereddataacross1500kmofbreedingrange.ThatequalsaboutathirdofthedistanceacrosstheU.S.,whichisalargeareatocoverforonlytwo