高考英语阅读理解综合经典题附详细答案.docx

高考英语阅读理解综合经典题附详细答案.docx

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高考英语阅读理解综合经典题附详细答案

-X高中英语阅读理解

1•阅读理解

Citytreesgrowfasteranddieyoungerthantreesinruralforestry,anewstudyfinds.Overtheirlifetimes,then,urbantreeswilllikelyabsorblessCO2fromtheairthahforesttrees.

Asweallknow,theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.However,CO2isagreenhousegas,meaningittrapsenergyfromthesunas/heat・Thatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundrise.Humanactivities,especiallythewidespreadburning-offossil（化石）fuels,havebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheair.Thishasledtoariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobe・

StudieshadshownforestsreadilyabsorbCO2,buttherehadn'tbeenmuchdataonwhethercitytreesgrogdieandabsorbCO2atthesamerateasforesttreesdo.Sosomeresearchersdecidedtofindout.

Tofigureouthowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters（thewidthoftheirtrunks）between2005and2014.Atree'sdiameterincreasesasitgrows,justasaperson'swaistsizeincreasesastheygainweight.Abouthalftheweightofatreeiscarbon,researchhasshown.Mostoftherestiswater.Overthenineyears'tracking,theresearchersfoundcitytreesabsorbedfourtimesasmuchcarbonfromtheairasforesttrees・However,theyweretwiceaslikelytodie.Sooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftree,foresttreesactuallyabsorbedmoreCO2.

Citytreesgrewfasterbecausetheyhadlesscompetitionforlightfromtheirneighbors.Inaforest,treestendtogrowclosetogether,shadingtheirneighbors・Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen（氮）inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow・Wastegasesfromgasburningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen・Later;rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.Somestreettreesmayalsohavebetteraccesstowaterthantreesinthecountrybecausetheundergroundwaterpipescanleak・

（1）WhatcanheknownaboutCO2fromparagraph2?

A.Itisoneofthesideeffectsofgreenhouses・

B.Itgreatlyacceleratestheprocessofglobalwarming.

C.Itresultsfromthewidespreadburningoffossilfuels.

D.Itpreventstheearthfrombecomingunsuitabletoliveon.

（2）Whydidresearcherstrackthediametersoftrees?

A.Toknowabouttheirgrowthrates・B・Tofindouthowmuchtheyweigh・

C・Tocheckwhethertheywerehealthy.D・Toassessthecarbonamountsinthem・

（3）Whatadvantagedocitytreeshaveoverforesttrees?

A.Theyaremorelikelytoaccessgrowthpromoters・

B.Theycanenjoymorewatercomingfromtheair.

C・Theycanenjoymoreshadefromneighbors・

D・Theyarebetteratcompetingforlight.

（4）Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutifthepassageiscontinued?

A.Howurbantreescanlivelonger.B.Whycitylivingmakestreesdieyoung・

C.Howtreesrespondtodrysoilconditions・D・Whyfaster-growingtreesabsorbmoreCO2.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究发现：

与长在森林中的树木相比，城市里的树木长得更快，但死得更早。

（1）考査推理判断。

根据第二段中的"theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutC02."可知，如果没有二氧化碳，地球将会极冷或极热。

可以推断，二氧化碳可以防止地球变得不适合居住。

故选D。

（2）考査细节理解。

根据第四段中的"Tofigureonhowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters."可知，研究人员监测树木的直径是为了了解树木的生长速度。

故选A。

（3）考査细节理解Q根据最后一段中的"Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen（氮）inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen・Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground."可知，与生长在森林中的树木相比，城市里的树木长得更快是因为它们无需与邻近的树木争夺光照，也能得到更多的氮量，还更容易得到水。

光、氮和水都可以促进树木的生长。

由此可以推断，城市里的树木比森林中的树木更可能获得生长促进剂。

故选Ao

（4）考查推理判断。

文章首句就提到了一项新的研究结果：

城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快，但死得更早：

文章第三段说到"以前有研究表明森林会吸收二氧化碳，但是城市里的树木的生长、死亡和吸收二氧化碳的速度是否跟森林中的树木一样，这方面的数据不多。

因此一些研究人员决泄弄淸楚”：

文章第四段再次介绍了他们的研究发现：

城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快，但死得更早：

文章最后一段介绍了城市里的树木比森林中的树木生长得更快的几个原因。

由此可以推断，文章接下来很可能就要介绍城市里的树木死得更早的原因。

故选Bo

【点评】本题考点涉及细肖理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2.阅读理解

AuniversityinNanjing,Jiangsuprovinc已hasinstalledfacialrecognitionsystemsinclassroomstomonitorstudents1behavioosparkingaheateddebateonline.ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversityrecentlyinstalledthesystemsintwopilotclassroomsaswellasschoolgates,dormitoryentrances,thelibraryandlaboratorybuildings・

XuJianzhen，directoroftheuniversity'slibraryandinformationcenter;toldTbePthatthesystemswillhelpteacherscheckstudentattendanceandmonitorbehaviorduringthelectures・"Inthepast,somestudentsjustcheckedtheirattendanceandditchedtheclassoraskedotherstudentstochecktheattendanceforthem・Nowwithfacialrecognition,thatwouldnoIongerbeaproblem/1hesaid・"Themomentyouentertheclassroom,thecamerawillmonitoryouallthewaythroughandcantellhowlongyouloweryourhead,whetheryou'replayingwithasmartphon已whetheryou'redozingofforreadingotherbooks/1headded・

ThenewshasraisedwidedebateonChinesesocialmedia,withmanyquestioningifthecameraswillviolatestudents'privacy.ASinaWeibousersaid:

"Iopposesuchmethods,anditisnotclearwhetherthesystemsaredevelopedbytheschoolitselforbythirdparties・Ifitisthelatter;isthereanyregulationofsecurity?

Wherewilltheinformationbesentandstored?

"

GanXiangsi,aseniorstudentfromtheuniversity,saidshewelcomedthesystemsbeingappliedindormitoriesandlibrariesasthiscanhelppreventpersonalbelongingsbeingstolen,butitisnotnecessarytousesuchtechnologyintheclassroom・"Iftheteacherteacheswell,thestudentswillbeinterested/1shesaid・“Onthecontrary,thiskindofmonitoringwillmakeeveryonefeelresistant."

ChinaPharmaceu廿calUniversityisnotthefirstuniversitytousefacialrecognitiontechnologyoncampus・Manyuniversitiesacrossthecountryhaveinstalledcamerasatcampusentrancestoensuresafety.Butmanyarealsohesitantwhenitcomestoapplyingsuchtechnologyinclassrooms・

"Thisissuehasbeendebatedforquitealongtime,"ChuZhaohui,aseniorresearcherattheNationalInstituteofEducationSciencesftoldChinaNationalRadio.AccordingtoChuzteachersandstudentswhoareunderobservationmightnotbehaveastheynormallywouldsincetheyknowtheyarebeingwatched・"Camerasshouldnotbeinstalledinclassroomsmerelyforeffectiveteachingpurposes/1Chusaid,asteachersarealsobeingobserved・Heagreedthat"students'privacyneedstobeprotected11・Healsosaidthatnotputtingclassroomsundercontrolisanimportantprinciple."Ifyoudon'tfollowthisprinciple,studentswillfalsifyanddisguisetheirstateoflistening,andteachersmayalsonotperformaswell・Thenrealteachingwillnotoccur/headded・

（1）WhichofthefollowingisNOTthefunctionoffacialrecognitionsystems?

A.Tohelpcheckstudentattendance.

B.Tohelpmonitorstudentbehavior.

C.Tohelpensurestudentsafety.

D.Tohelpprotectstudentprivacy

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"ditch11inparagraph2mean?

A.abandon

B.attend

C.dislike

D.enjoy

（3）What*sChuZhaohui'sattitudetowardsinstallingcamerasinclassrooms?

A.favorable

B.indifferent

C.unfavorable

D.neutral

（4）What'sthewriter'spurposeofwritingthispassage?

A.Tointroducethefunctionoffacialrecognitionsystems.

B.Toexpresshispreferenceforfacialrecognitionsystems.

C.Toexpresshisstrongdislikeforfacialrecognitionsystems.

D.Tointroducepeople'sdifferentattitudestofacialrecognitionsystems.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了江苏省南京市的一所大学在教室里安装了面部识别系统来监控学生的行为，这在网上引起了激烈的争论。

（1）考査细节理解。

根据第二段中的"XuJianzhen,directoroftheuniversity'slibraryandinformationcenter,toldTbePthatthesystemswillhelpteacherscheckstudentattendanceandmonitorbehaviorduringthelectures.''该校图书馆信息中心主任徐建振告诉TbeP,该系统将帮助教师检査学生出勤情况，并监控学生在课堂上的行为）排除A和B；根据倒数第二段中的"Manyuniversitiesacrossthecountryhaveinstalledcamerasatcampusentrancestoensuresafety/'全国许多大学都在校园入「处安装了摄像头，以确保安全排除C。

D选项"帮助保护学生的隐私”不是而部识别系统的功能，故选D。

（2）考査词义猜测。

根据第二段中的"oraskedotherstudentstochecktheattendanceforthem.”或者让其他学生帮他们签到。

可知上文意思是过去，一些学生只是签到，然后逃课。

"ditch"的意思是放弃,抛弃,故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的n/amerasshouldnotbeinstalledinclassroomsmerelyforeffectiveteachingpurposes/Chusaid,asteachersarealsobeingobserved."不应该彳又仅为了有效的教学而在教室里安装摄像头，"朱说，因为老师们也在被观察。

）由此推断出，朱朝晖对在教室里安装摄像头持不赞成的态度，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的"AuniversityinNanjing,Jiangsuprovince,hasinstalledfacialrecognitionsystemsinclassroomstomonitorstudents'behavior,sparkingaheateddebateonline.”江苏省南京市的一所大学在教室里安装了而部识别系统来监控学生的行为，这在网上引起了激烈的争论。

可推断岀，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍人们对人脸识別系统的不同态度，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细肖理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考査，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选岀正确答案。

3.阅读理解

Peoplewhosleepfewerthansixhoursanightaremorelikelytodieearly,researchersinUniversityofWarwickhavefoundinarecentstudy・Theydiscoveredthatpeoplewhosleptforlessthansixhourseachnightwere12%morelikelytodiebeforetheageof65thanthosewhoslepttherecommendedsixtoeighthoursanight.

Theresearcherspointedoutthatpreviousstudieshadshownthatthelackofsleepwasassociatedwithproblemslikeheartdiseaseandhighbloodpressure・However,theresearchersalsofoundthatsleepingtoomuchwaslinkedtoanearlydeath・Thosewhosleptformorethanninehoursanightwere30%morelikelytodieearly,asanarticleinthelatestSleepsuggested・Thatdirectlycontradictsanotherpassageinthesamejournallastmonthsuggestingthatpeoplewhosleptfortenhoursorlongeranightweremorelikelytoliveto100.Thiswasthoughttobebecausepeoplewholivedintoextremeoldagewerehealthierandthereforesleptbetter.

However,theauthorsofthelatestresearchcontradictedthisandsuggestedthatlongsleepwasasigno