空气压缩机曲轴零件的机械加工工艺及夹具毕业设计论文英译汉.docx

空气压缩机曲轴零件的机械加工工艺及夹具毕业设计论文英译汉.docx

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空气压缩机曲轴零件的机械加工工艺及夹具毕业设计论文英译汉

教学单位宝鸡文理学院

学生学号200894014098

编号JD2012JZ4098

外文翻译

题　　目离心泵

学生姓名　　冯涛

专业名称机械设计制造及其自动化

指导教师　　史革盟

2012年5月18日

Centrifugalpump

Theconceptofcentrifugal

Centrifugalinertiaistheperformanceofanobject,suchasumbrellasonthewaterdroplets,whentheumbrellaslowlyrotating,thewaterdropletswillfollowtheumbrellarotation,becausetheumbrellaandthefrictionofwaterdropletstodropasthecentripetalforceofshiran.However,iftheumbrellarotationspeed,thefrictionenoughtomakewaterdropletsinacircularmotion,thendropthesportfromtheumbrellatotheouteredge,likearopepullingthestonestodowithcircularmotion,ifthespeedistoofast,theropewilldisconnect,stoneswillbeflyingout.Thisistheso-calledcentrifugal.

Centrifugalpumpisdesignedaccordingtothistheory,high-speedrotationoftheimpellerbladesrotatedrivenwater,throwwater,soastoachievethepurposeoftransportation.

Goodvarietyofcentrifugalpumps,fromtheusecanbedividedintocivilandindustrialpumps;fromthetransmissionmediumcanbedividedintoclearwaterpump,trashpump,corrosionpumpandsoon.

Basicstructurecentrifugalpump

Basicstructureofthecentrifugalpumpiscomposedofsixparts,namely:

impeller,shaft,bearings,sealrings,stuffingbox.

1centrifugalimpellerisacorecomponentofitsspeedandhighoutputforce,theimpellerbladehasplayedamajorroleintheassemblybeforetheimpellerbystatictest.Impellerontheinsideandoutsidesurfacesrequiredtobesmoothtoreduceflowfrictionloss.

2,pump,alsoknownasthepumpcasing,whichisthemainwaterpump.Playaroleinsupportingfixed,andwiththeinstallationofthebearingbracketconnected.

3,pumpshaftandmotorfunctionisconnectedbycoupling,themotortorquetransmissionimpeller,itisthetransferofmechanicalenergyofthemaincomponents.

4,thebearingissetonthesupportshaftintheshaftcomponent,therearetwokindsofrollingbearingsandplainbearings.Rollingtousebutteraslubricantoiltobeappropriateis2/33/4sizetoomuchmayhaveafever,therearetoofewsoundandheat!

Pumpbearingstructureistransparenttotheoilusedforlubricants,fueltotheoillevelline.Toomuchoiltobeleakingalongtheshaftanddrift*,toolittleoverheatedbearingsandalsoburntheaccident!

Bearinginthepumpduringoperationthemaximumtemperatureof85℃inthegeneralrunof60degrees,ifweshouldfindoutthereasonshigh（whetherimpurities,oilisblack,iswater）andtimelymanner

5,sealingring,alsoknownasleakagereductionring.Impellerandpumpcasingofimportsoverthegapbetweenhigh-pressureareascausethepump'swaterflowthroughthegapareaoflowpressureaffectingthepumpoutwater,reducingefficiency!

Gapistoosmallwillcausetheimpellerandpumpcasingfrictionandwear.Inordertoincreasethereturntoreducetheinternalleakageresistanceanddelayoftheimpellerandpumpcasinglifeofthepumpimpellershelledgeandforeignaidjunctionwithsealingring,sealingthegapremainedat0.25~1.10mmhydrometer.

6,stuffingmainlybythepacking,sealring,fillertube,packinggland,sealtubes.Themainfunctionofstuffingistobeclosedbetweenthepumpcasingandshaftgap,nottopumpthewaterdoesnotflowouttonotletoutsideairintothepump.Alwaysmaintainthevacuuminsidethepump!

Whenthepumpandfillthewatersealfrictiondependsontheheatpipetoliveonthewatertosealcircletofillthecooling!

Tomaintainthenormaloperationofpumps.Socheckthepumptorunduringthetourofinspectionofthestuffingisthespecialattention!

Aboutrunning600hoursonthepackingshouldbereplaced.

Theworkingprincipleofcentrifugalpump

Impellerinstalledinsidethepumpcasing2andfastenedintheshaft3,theshaftdirectlydrivenbythemotor.Centralhasaliquidpumpcasingandsuctionpipeinhaling45connection.Liquidthroughthebottomvalve6andthesuctiontubeintothepump.Pumpcasingliquiddischargeoutletonthedischargepipe8and9connections.Beforestartingthepump,thepumpistransportedshellfilledwithliquid;starts,starts,theimpellershaftdrivenbythehigh-speedrotation,theliquidbetweenthebladesmustrotatewith.Undertheactionofcentrifugalforce,theliquidwasthrownfromthecenteroftheouteredgeoftheimpellerandgetenergyfromtheimpellerathighspeedintothevolutepumpoutershell.Inthespiralcase,thefluidflow,graduallyastheexpansionsloweddowninturnpartofthekineticenergyintostaticpressureenergy,thefinaldischargeathigherpressureintothepipeline,senttotheneedtoplace.Theflowofliquidfromthecenteroftheouteredgeoftheimpellerwhentheimpellercenterintheformationofacertainvacuum,duetothepressuretankabovetheliquidlevelisgreaterthanthepressureattheentrancetothepump,theliquidwillbepressedintotheimpellerinarow.Canbeseen,aslongastheconstantlyrotatingimpeller,theliquidwillcontinuetobesuckedanddischarged.

Thephenomenonofgastie

Whenthepumpcasingtotheexistenceofair,becauseairdensityismuchsmallerthanthedensityoftheliquidcausedbyasmallercentrifugalforce.Thus,thetankliquidlevelabovetheentranceandthepressuredifferencebetweenpumpsufficientfluidpressurewithinthetankintothepump,thatisnotself-primingcentrifugalpump,sopumpcannottransportliquid,suchphenomenonisknownas"gastiephenomenon."Inordertopumpfullofliquid,usuallyinstalledinthesuctionpipealongthebottomofthebottomfiltervalve,thebottomvalveuntilthevalve,thefilteristopreventsolidmaterialintothepumpimpellerdamageorimpedethenormaloperationofthepump.

Themaincomponentsofcentrifugalpump

Maincomponentsareimpeller,pumpcasingandshaftsealdevices.

1impeller

Theroleoftheimpelleristheoriginalmotivationofthemechanicalenergydirectlytotheliquid,toincreasetheliquidstaticpressureenergyandkineticenergytothemajorincreaseinstaticpressure.

Impelleraregenerally6to12afterthecurvedblade.

Impellerareopen,semiclosed-typeandclosedthree,asshowninFigure2-2.Bothsidesofthebladeopenimpellerwithoutcover,createasimple,easytoclean,suitablefortransmissionoveralargenumberofsuspensionscontainingmaterials,inefficientdeliveryoftheliquidpressureisnothigh;semi-enclosedimpellerinthesuctionsideofthenon-coverboard,whiletheothersideofcover,precipitation,oreasilyapplicabletotransportmaterialscontainingparticles,andlowerefficiency;closedimpeller,theimpellerbladesonbothsidesofthefrontcoverwithhighefficiency,suitablefordeliverywithoutimpuritiescleaningliquid.Multi-impellercentrifugalpumpsingeneralforsuch.

Impellerwithasinglesuctionanddoublesuctiontwosuctionfluidways.

Thereisasinglesuctioninlet,alongwithwaterfrombothsidesfordoublesuction.

2pumpshell

Roleistoimpellerenclosedinacertainspacefortherolebytheimpellerandthepressureofthefluidinhalation.Multi-spiral-shapedshellmadeofthepump,socalledspiral.Astheflowcross-sectionalareagraduallyexpandedtothrowitaroundfromtheimpellerspeedliquidflowratedecreases,sothatpartofthekineticenergyisconvertedtostaticpressurecanbeeffective.Togethernotonlybytheimpellerpumpcasingthrowtheliquid,isalsoanenergyconversiondevice.

3sealdevice

Roleistopreventthepumpshellalongtheaxisofliquidleakageorairleakageintothepumpoutsidethecontainment.

Commonsealdevicehastwokindsofpackingsealandmechanicalseal.

GeneralpackingcoatedwithoilorgraphiteBaptistasbestosrope.Mainlybymechanicalsealismountedontheshaftoftheringandfixedonthepumpcasingstaticringrelativemotionbetweentheendfaceforthepurposetoachievetheseal.

Centrifugalflowpassagecomponents

Centrifugalflowpassagecomponentsare:

inhalationchamber,impeller,achamberpressureofthreeparts.Isthecoreofthepumpimpellerchamber,isalsopartofthecoreflow.PumpliquidthroughtheimpelleronthePower,toincreasetheenergy.Impelleraccordingtothedirectionofliquidflowisdividedintothreecategories:

（1）run-ofimpeller（centrifugalimpeller）andtheliquidalongtheaxisperpendiculartothedirectionofflowimpeller.

（2）obliqueflowimpeller（mixedflowimpeller）ofliquidalongtheaxistiltofthedirectionofflowimpeller.

（3）liquidaxialflowimpellerandtheaxisparalleltothedirection.

Impellerbywayofinhalationisdividedintotwocategories:

（1）single-suctionimpeller（theimpellerfromthesuctionsideoftheliquid）.

（2）doublesuctionimpeller（theimpellerfrombothsidesofinhalationliquid）.

Dividedintothreecategoriesaccordingtotheformofimpellercover:

（1）closedimpeller.

（2）openimpeller.

（3）semi-openimpeller.

Closedimpellerwhichiswidelyused,theaforementionedsingle-suctionimpellerdoublesuctionimpellerbelongtothisform.

Typeofcentrifugalpump

Frist.and,accordingtothenumberofcategoriesimpeller

1,single-stagepump:

thatis,onlyonepumpimpeller.

2,multi-stagepump.:

Inshaftwithtwoormoreoftheimpeller,whenthetotalpumpheadforthen-ofimpellerandtheresultinghead.

Second,accordingtoclassificationofworkstress

1,low-pressurepump:

pressurelessthan100mwatercolumn;

2,mediumpressurepumps:

pressureisbetween100to650mwatercolumn;

3,high-pressurepump:

thewatercolumnpressureishigherthan650meters.

Third,bywayofclassificationoftheimpellerinlet

1,sidewaterpump:

also