高三英语阅读理解社会文化专项训练100附答案及解析.docx
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高三英语阅读理解社会文化专项训练100附答案及解析
高三英语阅读理解（社会文化）专项训练100（附答案）及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类
1．阅读理解
Vietnamaimstosolvetherelationsbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandculturalpreservation.Vietnameseculturaldepartmentsandactivistshavetriedtopreservethehistoricalandculturalrelicsinthecountry.
Vietnamnowhasmorethan40000historicalrelics.Theserelicsofvariousformsandhistoryaretreasuresforfuturegenerations.
However,hundredsofrelicsareseverelydamagedduetothenegativeinfluenceoftime,warandhumanactivities.HeadofHanoiRelicsManagementBoard,NguyenDoanTuan,saysrescueworkmustpreservetherelics'soul:
"Wecannotreplaceruinedconstructionwithnewmaterials.Wemustpreserveitsshape,sizeandstyle.Weneedtopayattentiontoeverybrickreplacedsothatitlooksexactlyliketheoriginal."
Mostrelicshavetorelyontouristfeesforrepairandrescuework.DirectorofVanMieuCulturalandScienceCenterDangKimNgoc,saysthattherelicsmustbepromotedwidelytoattractmorevisitorsandbringinmoreincomeforrepairandpreservation:
"Weprovideconstantguideservicesforvisitorssothattheyunderstandmoreaboutourrelics.Atthesametime,anaturalsurroundingoftherelichasbeenensured,includingthegrassfieldandgardentoimproveitsscenicvalue."
Thelocalgovernmentagreedthattherelicsmustbeturnedtothecommunityforsharedeffortsinthepreservationwork.DirectorofVietnamRevolutionMuseumDangQuocQuan,saidthatthecommunitymustbeguidedinthepreservationandprotection,"TheUNESCOaimstoletlocalcommunitytakepartinthepreservationofrelics.Wehaveseenlimitationsinthepreservationofrelics,especiallyfestival-relatedgroupsofbuildings.Thisrequiresmanagementandguidancebythegovernment."
NguyenThiMinhLyfromtheDepartmentofHeritagesaysthecommunityshouldbeguidedinproperbehaviorstowardsrelics:
"Thiswillensuretheprotectionofculturalrelicsinlatergenerations.Creativerestoration（修复）mustbebasedonprevious（先前的）values."
Expertshavecalledforasystematic（系统的）guidancebythestateinlocallevelpreservationwhilepromotingcreativethinkinginrestorationforeachrelic.
（1）Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?
A.Agovernmentsurvey.
B.Aresearchpaper.
C.Anewspaperreport.
D.Atravelguide.
（2）WhichofthefollowingisnotthereasonsforthedamagedrelicsinVietnam?
A.Humanactivities.
B.Poorbuildingmaterials.
C.Warinfluence.
D.Thepassingoftime.
（3）Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs4-6thattopreserverelics,thegovernmentshould .
A.turntotheUNESCOforfinancialhelp
B.improvethescenicvaluebyraisingtouristfees
C.encouragethecommunitytojoinintherescuework
D.makefulluseofthemoneyraisedbythelocalpeople
（4）Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.GuidetheCommunityinProperBehaviors
B.ReplacetheRuinedConstructionwithaNewStyle
C.HundredsofRelicsinVietnamAreInRuins
D.ExpertsCallforaSystematicWaytoPreserveRelics
【答案】
（1）C
（2）B
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了越南文化部门和活动人士一直在努力保护本国的历史和文化遗产，文章说明了文物遭受破坏的原因和文物保护的现状。
就此专家们呼吁国家对地方一级的保护进行系统的指导，同时促进对每一件文物的创造性修复。
（1）考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Vietnameseculturaldepartmentsandactivistshavetriedtopreservethehistoricalandculturalrelicsinthecountry.”越南文化部门和活动人士一直在努力保护本国的历史和文化遗产，以及文章主要内容为介绍专家们呼吁用一种系统的方法来保护文物，故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“However,hundredsofrelicsareseverelydamagedduetothenegativeinfluenceoftime,warandhumanactivities.”然而，由于时间、战争和人类活动的负面影响，数以百计的文物遭到严重破坏，故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的“Thelocalgovernmentagreedthattherelicsmustbeturnedtothecommunityforsharedeffortsinthepreservationwork.DirectorofVietnamRevolutionMuseumDangQuocQuan,saidthatthecommunitymustbeguidedinthepreservationandprotection,‘TheUNESCOaimstoletlocalcommunitytakepartinthepreservationofrelics...’”当地政府同意，文物必须移交给社区，共同努力进行保护工作。
越南革命博物馆馆长DangQuocQuan说，社会必须在保护和保护的指导下，“联合国教科文组织的目的是让当地社会参与文物的保”可以推断，为了保护文物，政府应该鼓励社区参与救援工作。
故选C。
（4）考查主旨大意。
根据最后一段“Expertshavecalledforasystematicguidancebythestateinlocallevelpreservationwhilepromotingcreativethinkinginrestorationforeachrelic.”专家们呼吁国家对地方一级的保护进行系统的指导，同时促进对每一件文物的创造性修复，以及结合文章主要内容为越南文化部门和活动人士一直在努力保护本国的历史和文化遗产可知，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Moscowcityauthoritieshavebegunusingcomics（漫画）withcharactersfromRussianfairytalestoexplaintomigrants（移民）howtheyshouldbehave.Theysaya100-pageguideisneededto"keepapositiveimage"ofthecityandcouldhelpreduce"tensions"betweennativesandmigrants.Butcriticshavepointedoutthatforeignmigrantsandnativesmayberegardedasantagonistsinthemanual（手册）.
RussiansandmigrantshaverepeatedlyfloodedinMoscowrecently.Manymigrantsfromex-SovietrepublicsinCentralAsia,theCaucasus（高加索）andNorthCaucasus,arriveinMoscoweveryyear,attractedbythecapital'sjobopportunitiesandrelativelyhighsalaries.AsignificantnumberofthemworkintheRussiancapitalillegally.
ThenewguideinRussianseekstoexplainthe"dos"and"don'ts"tomigrants.Theyareurgednottocausetrouble,bystaringatwomen,oreatingortalkingloudlyonthestreets.Theyarealsowarnedthatthepolicemayroutinely（例行公事）stopthemtochecktheirdocuments.
Inthemanual,Russia'sfamous"threewarriors"aremeanttorepresentthecity'slawenforcementagencies（执法机关）,whilePrinceYuriDolgoruky（ahistoricalcharacter）isusedfortoursaroundMoscow.Meanwhile,VasilisatheWiseandTheSnowMaidentestthereaderonRussia'slanguageandhistory.AspecialsectionofthebookexplainstheimportanceoffollowingMoscow'sstrictresidencyandemploymentrules,stressingthatmigrantscouldotherwisebedeported（驱逐出境）orbannedfromentry.
Themanualwaswrittenprimarilyforillegalmigrants,AlexanderKalinin,whoheadsthegroupSupportforWorkingMigrantsinMoscow,toldBBCRussian.
"Wewanttoraisetheirleveloflawawareness,"headded.
Migrantcharactershadinitially（最初）beenidentifiedasrepresentativesofdifferentnationalities,butthebook'sauthorslaterdecidedtodropthisideasoas"nottooffendanyone",saidMr.Kalinin.
"TheoldconflictbetweenRussianheroesandnon-Slavicinvadersisbeingrevived,"YevgenyVarshaver,amigrationexperttoldBBCRussian.Healsosuggestedthatthelanguageusedinthebookwouldbe"difficult"tounderstandforsomemigrantswhowerenotnativeRussianspeakers.
（1）Theunderlinedword"antagonists"inParagraph1canprobablybereplacedby"________".
A. friends
B. acquaintances
C. cooperators
D. opponents
（2）PeoplefromothercountriescometoMoscow"________".
A. tofindwell-paidjobs
B. tohaveanewlifestyle
C. toenjoythefineclimate
D. toexperienceanewculture
（3）Thethirdparagraphismainlyabout"________".
A. consequencesthemigrantsmaysuffer
B. thepurposeofpublishingthehandbook
C. themeasurestoattractforeignmigrants
D. charactersandtheirfunctionsinRussianfairytales
（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?
A. WaystohelpforeignmigrantstosettleinRussia
B. CharactersfromRussianfairytaleshavenewjobs
C. MoreandmoreforeignmigrantstoworkinMoscow
D. Moscowfairytalecomicstohelpmigrantsbehave
【答案】
（1）D
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范。
（1）考查词义猜测。
根据第一段中的"Theysaya100-pageguideisneededto‘keepapositiveimage’ofthecityandcouldhelpreduce"tensions"betweennativesandmigrants."可知，他们说需要一份100页的手册来保持城市的积极形象，并有助于缓解当地人和移民之间的紧张关系，但批评人士指出，手册中可能把外国移民和本国人视为敌手，由此可知画线词词义为“敌手、对手”，故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Manymigrantsfromex-SovietrepublicsinCentralAsia,theCaucasus（高加索）andNorthCaucasus,arriveinMoscoweveryyear,attractedbythecapital'sjobopportunitiesandrelativelyhighsalaries."可知，很多移民涌入莫斯科是因为他们被莫斯科相对较高的工作机会和薪水所吸引，故选A。
（3）考查段落大意。
根据第三段中的"ThenewguideinRussianseekstoexplainthe‘dos’and‘don'ts’tomigrants."可知，新的俄语手册试图向移民解释该做什么和不该做什么，由此可知本段主要是介绍出版新手册的目的，故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。
通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的"Moscowcityauthoritieshavebegunusingcomics（漫画）withcharactersfromRussianfairytalestoexplaintomigrants（移民）howtheyshouldbehave."可知，本文介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Academiclearningisusuallyinthespotlightatschool,butteachingelementary-agestudents“soft”skillslikeself-controlandhowtogetalongwithothersmighthelptokeepat-riskkidsoutofcriminaltroubleinthefuture.
OnceaprogramcalledFastTrackwasstartedintheearly1990sformorethan7,600childrenof55schoolsinAmerica.Theywereidentifiedbytheirteachersandparentstobeathighriskfordevelopingaggressivebehavioralproblems.Thestudentswererandomlydividedintotwogroups;halftookpartintheintervention,whichincludedateacher-ledcurriculum,parenttraininggroups,academictutoringandlessonsinself-controlandsocialskills.Theprogram,whichlastedfromfirstgradethrough10thgrade,reduceddelinquency（少年犯罪）,arrestsanduseofhealthandmentalhealthservicesasthestudentsagedthroughadolescenceandyoungadulthood.
Inanotherlateststudy,bylookingatthedatafromnearly900studentsinpreviousfindings,researchersfoundthataboutathirdoftheinfluenceonfuturecrimeoutcomeswasduetothesocialandself-regulationskillsthestudentslearnedfromages6to11.
Theacademicskills,orhardskillslikelearningofphysics,whichweretaughta
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