英语 高考英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案.docx

英语 高考英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案.docx

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英语高考英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案

【英语】高考英语阅读理解专项训练100（附答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读下列短文，从短文后每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

   Anewtechnologyisgoingtoripe,onethatcouldtransformourdailylives,helptoformnewindustries,evenremoveworldeconomicpowersfromtheirpresentpositions.UnlikethewaveofindustrializationthatbeganintheWestandspreadlatertotherestoftheworld,thenewdevelopmentsaretakingplaceinresearchlabsallovertheglobe—andAsiansareintheforefront.Physicistsarecreatinganewclassofmaterialsthatdisplayanamazingpropertyunforeseeneventwoyearsago—superconductivity（超导体技术）.

   Usedtodayonlyinspecializedequipment,superconductorshavethepotentialtoradicallychangemostoftheelectricalandelectronicappliancesfoundinthehome,makingthemsmaller,morepowerfulandefficient.Theycouldfreeourcitiesofpollutionbyreplacingpetrolanddiesel（柴油）vehicleswithelectriccars,andcutthecostofelectricity.Thenewmaterialsdosomethingthateventhebestofconductorssuchascopperandsilvercannot—theydoawaywithallelectricalresistance.Thesignificancesforenergystoragearegreat.

   Thetechnologyisinitsearlystage,stillaccessibletocountriesthatdecidetoinvestbrainsandmoney.For75yearsithadremainedlittlemorethanascientificcuriositywithlimitedpracticalusebecausethephenomenonoccurredonlyatextremelylowtemperatures.Itwasfirstobservedin1911byaDutchscientistnamedHeikeKamerlinghOnnes,whocooledmercury（水银）totemperaturesbelow-269℃withliquidhelium（氦）.TheninJanuarylastyear,twoIBMscientists,K.AlexMullerandJ.GeorgeBednorz,foundametaloxideceramic（氧化陶瓷）thatsuperconductedat-243℃.TheirreportwentlargelyunnoticeduntillastDecember,whenitwasconfirmedatascientificmeetinginBoston.TodayJapan,India,ChinaandotherAsiancountriesallhavetheirshareofexpertswhospendtheirdaysandnightsinlabs,actingasmidwives（助产士）toanewtechnology.

（1）Asisindicatedinthepassage,thetechnologyofsuperconductivity____________.

A. hasalreadybeendeveloped                           

B. isstillunderdevelopment

C. willbeusedonlyinspecializedequipment         

D. willbeusedindailylivesinafewyears

（2）Thenewtechnologydiffersfromtheothersinthat____________.

A. itbeganintheEastandspreadlatertotherestoftheworld         

B. itbeganintheWestandspreadlatertotherestoftheworld

C. itisbeingcultivatedinresearchlabsaroundtheworld         

D. itisaccessibletophysicistswhoareintelligentandrich

（3）Fromthepassage,wemayconcludethat____________.

A. Asianscientistsgaintheleadinthegrowthofthenewtechnology         

B. Dutchscientistskeptreportingnewfindingsforthelast75years

C. IBMscientists'reportreceiveimmediateattentionallovertheworld         

D. theWestwasastonishedatthenewtechnologydevelopedbytheAsians

（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A. TheProspectofaNewTechnology                

B. Superconductivity:

ANewTechnology

C. ANewTechnology:

TheKeytoChangetheWayofOurLives         

D. ANewTechnology:

AJointEffortofManyCountries

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了超导体技术的发展潜能和发展状况。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Anewtechnologyisgoingtoripe,onethatcouldtransformourdailylives,helptoformnewindustries,evenremoveworldeconomicpowersfromtheirpresentpositions.”一项新技术即将成熟，它可以改变我们的日常生活，帮助形成新的产业，甚至将世界经济强国从其目前的地位上移除；以及第三段中的“Thetechnologyisinitsearlystage,stillaccessibletocountriesthatdecidetoinvestbrainsandmoney”技术还处于早期阶段，那些决定投资于人才和资金的国家仍然可以获得这项技术，可知选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“UnlikethewaveofindustrializationthatbeganintheWestandspreadlatertotherestoftheworld,thenewdevelopmentsaretakingplaceinresearchlabsallovertheglobe—andAsiansareintheforefront.”与开始于西方，后来传播到世界其他地区工业化的浪潮不同，全球各地的研究实验室都在进行新的研究——亚洲人走在最前线。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“UnlikethewaveofindustrializationthatbeganintheWestandspreadlatertotherestoftheworld,thenewdevelopmentsaretakingplaceinresearchlabsallovertheglobe—andAsiansareintheforefront.”与开始于西方，后来传播到世界其他地区工业化的浪潮不同，全球各地的研究实验室都在进行新的研究——亚洲人走在最前线；以及最后一段中的“TodayJapan,India,ChinaandotherAsiancountriesallhavetheirshareofexpertswhospendtheirdaysandnightsinlabs,actingasmidwives（助产士）toanewtechnology.”今天，日本，印度，中国和其它亚洲国家都有自己的专家，白天和晚上都在实验室里，充当一种新技术的助产士，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

纵观全文可知，第一段首先提出一项新技术，第二段说明了这项技术的发展潜能，最后一段介绍这项新技术的发展状况，因此选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

WISHYOUWEREMORECREATIVE?

   Iwanttoaskyouafavor.Ihaveapairofpants.Tellme:

HowmanydifferentwayscanIputapairofpantstouse?

Nowimagineyou'reanarchitect.Samequestion.Nowimagineyou'reBillGates.Ascubadiver.Amedievalknight.Youstillhavethepants.Whatalternativeusescometomind?

   Whatyoujustpracticed--theconsciousactof"wearing"anotherself-isanexercisethat,accordingtopsychiatristSriniPillay,MD,isessentialtobeingcreative.

   Onegreatirony（讽刺）aboutourcollectiveaddictiontocreativityisthatwetendtoframeitinuncreativeways.Thatistosay,mostofusmarrycreativitytoourconceptofself:

Eitherwe're"creative"orwearen't,withoutmuchofamiddleground."I'mjustnotacreativeperson!

"adiscouragedstudentmightsayinartclass,whileanothermightblamehertalentatpaintingforherdifficultiesinmath,makingacomment"I'mveryright-brained."

   Dr.Pillay,anassistantprofessoratHarvardUniversity,hasspentyearsoverturningtheseideas.Hebelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistochallengethestereotyped（陈词滥调的）advicethaturgesyouto"believeinyourself."Infact,youshoulddotheopposite:

Believeyouaresomeoneelse.

   Hepointstoastudyshowingtheimpactofstereotypeonone'sbehavior.Theauthors,psychologistsDenisDumasandKevinDunbar,dividedtheircollegestudentsubjectsintotwogroups,instructingonegrouptothinkofthemselvesas"eccentricpoets"andtheothertoimaginetheywere"rigidlibrarians".Theresearchersthenpresentedthemallwithordinaryobjects,includingafork,acarrot,andapairofpants,andaskedthemtocomeupwithasmanydifferentusesaspossibleforeachone.Theformergroupcameupwiththewidestrangeofideas,whereasthelatterhadthefewest.

   Theseresultssuggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualcharacteristicbuta"productofcontextandperspective".Everyonecanbecreative,aslongasheorshefeelslikeacreativeperson.

   Dr.Pillay'sworktakesthisastepfurther:

Hearguesthatsimplyidentifyingyourselfascreativeislesspowerfulthantakingthebrave,creativestepofimaginingyouaresomebodyelse.Thisexercise,whichhecallspsychologicalHalloweenism,referstotheconsciousactionof"wearing"anotherself.Anactormayemploythistechniquetogetintocharacter,butanyonecanuseit.AccordingtoDr.Pillay,itworksbecauseitisanactofconsciousunfocus,acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyou'renotfocusedonaspecifictaskorthought.Mostpeoplespendnearlyhalfoftheirdaysinastateof"unfocus."Thisdoesn'tmakeuslazy;itmakesushuman.

   Imaginingyourselfinanewsituation,oranentirelynewidentity,neverfeltsoproductive.You'remakingyourselfmorecreative,andyou'regivingyourselfpermissiontodosomethingyou'dotherwisefeelguiltyabout.

（1）What'sthefunctionofthequestionsinparagraph1?

A. Toleadinthetopic.                                         

B. Tomakeacomparison.

C. Tostateanopinion.                                         

D. Toaskafavor.

（2）ThestudyledbyDenisDumasandKevinDunbarproves     

A. creativityisanindividualcharacteristic          

B. librariansaremorecreativethanpoets

C. ordinaryobjectscanimprovecreativity         

D. yourcreativityisdeterminedbyyourself

（3）AccordingtoDr.Pillay,Halloweenismworksbecause      .

A. itisanactofunconsciousfocus                     

B. certainbrainareasbegintoacttogether

C. peopleareinastateoflaziness                      D. allactorsemploythistechnique

（4）Ifyouwanttobemorecreative,youaresupposedto    .

A. focusonaspecifictask                                    B. believeinyourowntalent

C. pretendtobesomeoneelse                           

D. turntoberight-brained

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了如何让自己更有创造力，给读者展示了一种心理学理念心理角色扮演：

遇见更有创造力的自己。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段可知作者问读者一条裤子可以有多少种不同的用法?

并让读者假设自己是一名建筑师，比尔盖茨，带水肺的潜水员，一个中世纪的骑士等等思考同样的问题；再根据第二段”Whatyoujustpracticed--theconsciousactof"wearing"anotherself--isanexercisethat…isessentialtobeingcreative.“可知作者接着说刚才你所练习的有意识地"穿戴"另一个自我的行为是一种对保持创造力至关重要的练习。

这说明作者在第一段问这些问题就是为了引出下文中的"创造力"话题，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第六段”Theseresultssuggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualcharacteristicbuta‘productofcontextandperspective’.Everyonecanbecreative,aslongasheorshefeelslikeacreativeperson.“可知DenisDumas和KevinDunbar的研究结果表明创造力不是个体特征，而是"环境和视角的产物"。

每个人都可以有创造力，只要他或她觉得自己是一个有创造力的人。

也就是说一个人的创造力是取决于自己的。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第七段中的”AccordingtoDr.Pillay,itworksbecauseitisanactofconsciousunfocus,acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyou'renotfocusedonaspecifictaskorthought.“可知据皮莱博士说，心理万圣节之所以有效，是因为它是一种有意识的分散注意力的行为，当你不专注于某一特定任务或思想时，大脑中一系列区域就起作用。

这说明心理万圣节有效是因为大脑的某些区域大脑协同工作，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的”Hebelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistochallengethestereotyped（陈词滥调的）advicethaturgesyouto‘believeinyourself.’Infact,youshoulddoth