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任务型阅读
一、高中英语任务型阅读
1.任务型阅读
Itisnowmandatory(强制)fordriversorpassengerstowearseatbeltswhileinacarinallstates.Inaddition,itisalsomandatoryforkidsofbeinsomekindofspecializedcarseat.Giventhestrictrequirementsinothervehicles,whydon'tbuseshaveseatbelts?
Themainanswer,atleastforschoolbuses,isthatseatbeltsdonotmakeschoolbusessafer.Overall,travelingonschoolbusesisthesafestwaytotravel—40timessaferthanridinginacar—withonlyahandfulofdeathsoccurringtopassengersonschoolbuseseveryyear.Theseatsontheschoolbusareplacedveryclosetoeachotherandhavehighbacksthatarethicklypadded.Asaresult,inanaccidentthestudentswouldbepropelledforwardaveryshortdistanceintoapaddedseatbackthatinawayislikeanairbag.Inaddition,thefactthatpeoplesithighoffthegroundonschoolbusesalsomakesitsafertotravelonthem.
Whileschoolbusesfeaturehighbackedseatsandelevatedseatinglocations,thesamecannotbesaidofcitybuses.However,fromapracticalangle,there'slittleneedtorequireseatbeltsoncitybuses.Althoughthedesignofthemodernlow—floorcitybusislesssafethanthedesignofschoolbuses,thefactthatcitybusesrarelytravelatspeedsgreaterthan35milesperhourmeansthatanycollisionislikelytobesmall,Also,giventhatmosttripsoncitybusesareshortandthatmanytripshavestandingpassengers,thepresenceofseatbeltswillmakeevenlessofadifference.
Anotheranswerwhybusesdonothaveseatbeltsiscost.Itisestimatedthataddingseatbeltstobuseswouldaddbetween$8,000and$15,000tothecostofeachbus.Inaddition,seatbeltswouldtakeuproomcurrentlyusedasseats,meaningthateachbuswouldhavefewerseatingplaces.Theadditionalroominthebustakenupbyseatbeltswouldmeanthatbusfleetswouldhavetoincreasebyasmuchas15%justtocarrythesamenumberofpeople.Suchanincreasewouldbeespeciallydifficultincitiesthatexperienceovercrowdingontheirvehicles.
Regardlessofwhethertheirpassengershaveseatbelts,allbusesprovideseatbeltsfordriversandmostbuscompaniesmaketheirdriverswearseatbeltsinordernottobeinfluencedbyacollision.
Whydon'tbuseshaveseatbelts?
Topic
Everyoneis________toweartheirseatbeltsinacarwhilenoseatbeltsareprovidedforpassengersonbuses.
________
Schoolbuses:
●Seatbeltsmakeno________.inimprovingthesafetyoftheschoolbus.
●Travelingonschoolbusesissafethankstotheirseatswithhighpaddedbacks,whichcan________thestudentsfromdangerbecausetheyarepropelledforwardintotheminacollision.
●Sittinghighoffthegroundonschoolbusesalso________tothesafety
Citybuses:
●Theirlowtravelingspeedreducestheriskofacollision
●Citybusestendtotravelashort________
●Manypassengersstandwhileonacitybus,makingseatbelts________
●Fixingseatbeltsonbusescan________ inanincreaseincost.
●Seatbeltscanalsolimitthenumberofseatingplacesby________ roomonabus.
●Asaresult,anincreasingnumberofbusfleetsarerequiredtocarrythesamenumberofpeople.
Arule
Allbusesprovideseatbeltsfordrivers,whoshouldwearseatbeltsto________ theimpactofacollision.
【答案】required;Reasons;difference;protect;adds/contributes;distance;unnecessary;result;occupying;avoid
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,讨论了为什么公共汽车不配带安全带的问题,列出了两种原因:
一个原因是公共汽车上的座椅具有安全气囊的作用;另一个原因是公共汽车安装安全带费用太高。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的”Itisnowmandatory(强制)fordriversorpassengerstowearseatbeltswhileinacarinallstates.“可知,每个人在汽车上都需要带安全带,require与主语Everyone之间是动宾关系。
故填required。
(2)考查逻辑推理。
根据第一段中的”whydon'tbuseshaveseatbelts?
“可知,下文讲述为什么公共汽车上没有安全带的原因。
由Topic与Therules可推断,首字母大写,故填Reasons。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的”Themainanswer,atleastforschoolbuses,isthatseatbeltsdonotmakeschoolbusessafer.“可知,在公共汽车上,至少在校车上,佩戴安全带并不是更安全的,也就是戴不戴安全带没有影响。
makenodifference固定短语“没有影响;不起作用”。
故填difference。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的”Theseatsontheschoolbusareplacedveryclosetoeachotherandhavehighbacksthatarethicklypadded.Asaresult,inanaccidentthestudentswouldbepropelledforwardaveryshortdistanceintoapaddedseatbackthatinawayislikeanairbag.“可知,公共汽车的座位靠得很近,座椅有高高的厚厚的椅背,发生在事故时,学生向前撞到椅背上,就像是撞到安全气囊上,可以保护学生避免危险。
can后接动词原形。
故填protect。
(5)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的”Inaddition,thefactthatpeoplesithighoffthegroundonschoolbusesalsomakesitsafertotravelonthem.“可知,在校车上坐得很高也增添了安全性。
动名词作主语谓语动词用单数,addto固定短语“增添”和contributeto固定短语“有助于”都符合语境。
故填adds/contributes。
(6)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的”Also,giventhatmosttripsoncitybusesareshort…”可知,城市公交运行的距离短。
ashortdistance“短距离”。
故填distance。
(7)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“…thatmanytripshavestandingpassengers,thepresenceofseatbeltswillmakeevenlessofadifference.”可推断,城市公交有许多乘客站着,让安全带没有必要。
故填unnecessary。
(8)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Itisestimatedthataddingseatbeltstobuseswouldaddbetween$8,000and$15,000tothecostofeachbus.”可知,安装安全带导致费用提高。
resultin固定短语“导致”,故填result。
(9)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Inaddition,seatbeltswouldtakeuproomcurrentlyusedasseats,meaningthateachbuswouldhavefewerseatingplaces.”可知,安全带占用公共汽车上的空间,限制了座位的数量。
介词后接动名词,故填occupying。
(10)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段内容可知,所有的公共汽车都为司机提供安全带,用来避免碰撞的影响。
故填avoid。
【点评】本题要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步通过上下文的联系,通过逻辑推理,填上合适的单词。
2.Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.
ShanghaiHengyuanxiangDramaDevelopmentCompanyandNetherlanderWorldwideEntertainmentsignedadeallastNovemberthatwouldseeShimmer(《犹太人在上海》)becomethefirstChinesemusicaltohaveanopen-endedrunonBroadwayin2019.________
DirectedbyXuJun,ShimmerisamusicalinbothEnglishandChinese.Shimmer,whichtellsastoryaboutJewswhofledtoShanghaitoescapeNazipersecution(迫害)duringWorldWarII,wasfirstshownattheShanghaiCultureSquarein2015.________ Themusical'sscheduledopen-endedrunin2019willbeoneoftheeventstocelebratethe40thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationsbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStates.WiththisplaybeingshownonBroadway,thetiesbetweenChinesepeopleandAmericanswillbefirmlystrengthened.Andthroughthisdrama,theaudiencecanfeelthecharmofChineseculture.
________ Todealwiththeproblem,manyproductioncompaniesinShanghaihavepointedoutthattheyshouldkeepstrivingforimprovementbycreatingmoreChinesemusicalsandbycreatingmoreaudiences.Currently,thosewhowatchWesternmusicalsinChinaarelimitedtoasmallgroup—peoplewhohavereceivedauniversityeducationorhavehadoverseasworkingexperiences,white-collarandevengold-collarworkers.Thereareonlyahandfulofpeoplewhounderstandforeignlanguagesandyouhavetofindawaytomotivatethepublicandgetthemintothetheater.
________ TherehasbeenahandfulofsuccessfulmusicalstoriesinShanghai.TheChineseeditionsofBroadwaymusicalsCatsandMammaMia,bothofwhichhadhundredsofshowsacrossChina,areamongthetopboxofficehits.
A.WhatdoyouthinkwecandotopreventChinesemusicalsfromdeclininginpopularity?
B.Atthattime,themusicalwaschosenastheopeningshowforthe17thChinaShanghaiInternationalArtsFestival.
C.Theboxofficeisexpectedtobetwicehigherthanthatoflastyear,reaching$1millionintotal.
D.Thesmallaudiencesizehasn'tdiscouragedlocalartistsfromproducingoutstandingworks.
E.ThedealisamilestoneforShimmerinitsgoaltofurtherspreaditsinfluencetotheworld.
F.DespitethehugesuccessofShimmer,theteamisfacingalimitedmarket.
【答案】E;B;F;D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍恒元翔戏剧发展公司将《犹太人在上海》推向国际舞台,尽管获得可巨大的成功,但很多制作公司自身发展,面临着观众少,市场狭窄的问题,与此同当地艺术家仍然在不断创作优秀作品。
(1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空前“ShanghaiHengyuanxiangDramaDevelopmentCompanyandNetherlanderWorldwideEntertainmentsignedadeallastNovemberthatwouldseeShimmer(《犹太人在上海》)becomethefirstChinesemusicaltohaveanopen-endedrunonBroadwayin2019.”可知,上海恒元翔戏剧发展公司和尼德兰全球娱乐公司去年11月签署了一项协议,将使《犹太人在上海》成为中国第一部在2019年在百老汇公开上映的音乐剧。
所以小题1要说明这项协议给《犹太人在上海》带来的影响和意义。
E.ThedealisamilestoneforShimmerinitsgoaltofurtherspreaditsinfluencetotheworld.“该协议是《犹太人在上海》进一步将其影响力扩大到世界的目标的一个里程碑”符合题意。
故选E。
(2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后“Themusical'sscheduledopen-endedrunin2019willbeoneoftheeventstocelebratethe40thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationsbetweenChinaandUnitedStates”可知,这部音乐剧定于2019年公开上映,将是庆祝中美建交40周年的活动之一。
《犹太人在上海》不是第一次上映,所以判断出小题2要说明它在2015年因为什么而上映的。
B.Atthattime,themusicalwaschosenastheopeningshowforthe17thChinaShanghaiInternationalArtsFestival.“当时,这部音乐剧被选为第十七届中国上海国际艺术节的开幕式上表演。
”符合题意。
故选B。
(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
由第三段的内容可知,第三段主要介绍了上海的许多制作公司通过创作更多的中国音乐剧和吸引更多的观众来不断努力改进自己的作品,以及观众群体的局限性。
这都说明尽管《犹太人在上海》取得了巨大的成功,但团队仍面临着有限的市场。
所以判断出小题3是本段的标题。
F.DespitethehugesuccessofShimmer,theteamisfacingalimitedmarket.“尽管《犹太人在上海》取得了巨大的成功,但团队仍面临着有限的市场”为本段的标题。
故选F。
(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
根据空后“therehasbeenahandfulofsuccessfulmusicalstoriesinShanghai.TheChineseeditionsofBroadwaymusicalsCatsandMammaMia,bothofwhichhadhundredsofshowsacrossChina,areamongthetopboxofficehits.”可知上海有一些成功的音乐故事。
百老汇音乐剧《猫》和《妈妈咪呀》的中国版在中国各地都有数百场演出,都是票房冠军。
所以这里具体列举了很多百老汇音乐剧的中国版都取得了不错的票房,意在说明观众人数少并没有妨碍当地艺术家创作优秀作品。
所以此处要起到总说的作用,然后在进行解释说明。
D.Thesmallaudiencesizehasn'tdiscouragedlocalartistsfromproducingoutstandingworks.“观众人数少并没有妨碍当地艺术家创作优秀作品”符合句意。
故选D。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上,着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
3.请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意:
每个空格只填1个单词。
Ants:
mastercooperators
Millionsofantslivetogetherinacolony,buttheydon'tcompete,getconfused,orbecomedisorganized.Theybehaveinanamazingorderlymanneratalltimes.Somescienti