任务型阅读专题.docx

任务型阅读专题.docx

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任务型阅读专题

任务型阅读专项练习

一

I’vealwaysbeenanoptimistandIsupposethatisrootedinmybeliefthatthepowerofcreativityandintelligencecanmaketheworldabetterplace.

ForaslongasIcanremember,I’velovedlearningnewthingsandsolvingproblems.SowhenIsatdownatacomputerforthefirsttimeinseventhgrade,Iwashooked.ItwasaclunkyoldTeletypemachineanditcouldbarelydoanythingcomparedtothecomputerswehavetoday.Butitchangedmylife.

WhenmyfriendPaulAllenandIstartedMicrosoft30yearsago,wehadavisionof“acomputeroneverydeskandineveryhome,”whichprobablysoundedalittletoooptimisticatatimewhenmostcomputerswerethesizeofrefrigerators.Butwebelievedthatpersonalcomputerswouldchangetheworld.Andtheyhave.

Andafter30years,I’mstillasinspiredbycomputersasIwasbackinseventhgrade.

Ibelievethatcomputersarethemostincredibletoolwecanusetofeedourcuriosityandinventiveness—tohelpussolveproblemsthateventhesmartestpeoplecouldn’tsolveontheirown.

Computershavetransformedhowwelearn,givingkidseverywhereawindowintoalloftheworld’sknowledge.They’rehelpingusbuildcommunitiesaroundthethingswecareaboutandtostayclosetothepeoplewhoareimportanttous,nomatterwheretheyare.

LikemyfriendWarrenBuffett,IfeelparticularlyluckytodosomethingeverydaythatIlovetodo.Hecallsit“tap-dancingtowork.”MyjobatMicrosoftisaschallengingasever,butwhatmakesme“tap-dancetowork”iswhenweshowpeoplesomethingnew,likeacomputerthatcanrecognizeyourhandwritingoryourspeech,oronethatcanstorealifetime’sworthofphotos,andtheysay,“Ididn’tknowyoucoulddothatwithaPC!

”

ButforallthecoolthingsthatapersoncandowithaPC,therearelotsofotherwayswecanputourcreativityandintelligencetoworktoimproveourworld.Therearestillfartoomanypeopleintheworldwhosemostbasicneedsgounmet.Everyyear,forexample,millionsofpeoplediefromdiseasesthatareeasytopreventortreatinthedevelopedworld.

Ibelievethatmyowngoodfortunebringswithitaresponsibilitytogivebacktotheworld.Mywife,Melinda,andIhavecommittedtoimprovinghealthandeducationinawaythatcanhelpasmanypeopleaspossible.

Asafather,IbelievethatthedeathofachildinAfricaisnolesspoignantortragicthanthedeathofachildanywhereelse.Andthatitdoesn’ttakemuchtomakeanimmensedifferenceinthesechildren’slives.

I’mstillverymuchanoptimist,andIbelievethatprogressoneventheworld’stoughestproblemsispossible—andit’shappeningeveryday.We’reseeingnewdrugsfordeadlydiseases,newdiagnostictools,andnewattentionpaidtothehealthproblemsinthedevelopingworld.

I’mexcitedbythepossibilitiesIseeformedicine,foreducationand,ofcourse,fortechnology.AndIbelievethatthroughournaturalinventiveness,creativityandwillingnesstosolvetoughproblems,we’regoingtomakesomeamazingachievementsinalltheseareasinmylifetime.

Fuelingourcreativity

Outline

Supportingdetails

Being

enthusiastic

___71___,Ibelievethepowerofcreativityandintelligencecanmaketheworldbetter.

◇AnoldTeletypemachine,whichmademe___72___inthecomputer,changedmylife.

◇___73___whatsoundedlikecrazy,PaulAllenandIdreamtoftherebeingacomputerforeveryone.

◇For3decades,Istillhaveadeep___74___forthecomputer.

Being

devoted

IfeelluckytodosomethingchallengingatMicrosoft,andIhaveasenseof___75___whenwepresentpeoplesomethingnew.

◇Computersarethemostincredibletool,andthereisno___76___intermsofproblemsolving.

◇Computersaretransforminghowwelearn,___77___ourhorizonswhereverweare.

Being

___78___

I’mboundtogivemyfortunetotheworldjustin___79___.

◇Allchildrenarecreatedequal,anditdoesn’ttakemuchtomakeadifferenceintheirlives.

◇Greatimportanceisbeing___80___tothehealthproblemsindevelopingcountries.

二

PleasureandEnjoyment

Whenconsideringthekindofexperiencethatmakeslifebetter,mostpeoplefirstthinkthathappinessconsistsinexperiencingpleasure:

goodfood,allthecomfortsthatmoneycanbuy.Weimaginethesatisfactionoftravelingtoexcitingplacesorbeingsurroundedbyexpensivedevices.Ifwecannotaffordthosegoals,thenwearehappytosettleforaquieteveninginfrontofthetelevisionsetwithadrinkcloseby.

Pleasureisafeelingofcontentmentthatoneachieveswheneverexpectationssetbybiologicalprogramsorbysocialconditioninghavebeenmet.Thetasteoffoodwhenwearehungryispleasantbecauseitreducesaphysiological（生理的）imbalance.RestingintheeveningwhilepassivelyabsorbinginformationfromTV,withalcoholordrugstodullthemindoverexcitedbythedemandsofwork,ispleasantlyrelaxing.TravelingtoAcapulcoispleasantbecausetheexcitingnovelty（新奇）restoresoursensations（感觉）exhaustedbytherepetitiveroutinesofeverydaylife.

Whenpeoplethinkfurtheraboutwhatmakestheirlivesrewarding,theytendtomovebeyondpleasantmemoriesandbegintorememberotherevents,otherexperiencesthatoverlap（重叠）withpleasurableonesbutfallintoacategorythatdeservesaseparatename:

enjoyment.Enjoyableeventsoccurwhenapersonhasnotonlymetsomeexpectationorsatisfiedaneedoradesirebutalsogonebeyondwhatheorshehasbeenprogrammedtodoandachievedsomethingunexpected,perhapssomethingevenunimaginedbefore.

Enjoymentischaracterizedbythisforwardmovement:

byasenseofnovelty,ofaccomplishment.Playingaclosegameoftennisthatstretchesone’sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatrevealsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthatleadsustoexpressideaswedidn’tknowwehad.Closingacontestedbusinessdeal,oranypieceofworkwelldone,isenjoyable.Noneoftheseexperiencesmaybeparticularlypleasurableatthetimetheyaretakingplace,butafterwardwethinkbackonthemandsay,“Thatreallywasfun”andwishtheywouldhappenagain.Afteranenjoyableeventweknowthatwehavechanged,thatourselfhasgrown:

insomerespect,wehavebecomemorecomplexasaresultofit.

Experiencesthatgivepleasurecanalsogiveenjoyment,butthetwosensationsarequitedifferent.Forinstance,everybodytakespleasureineating.Toenjoyfood,however,ismoredifficult.Agourmet（美食家）enjoyseating,asdoesanyonewhopaysenoughattentiontoamealsoastodiscriminatethevarioussensationsprovidedbyit.Asthisexamplesuggests,wecanexperiencepleasurewithoutanyinvestmentofpsychicenergy,whereasenjoymenthappensonlyasaresultofunusualinvestmentsofattention.Apersoncanfeelpleasurewithoutanyeffort,butitisimpossibletoenjoyatennisgame,abook,oraconversationunlessattentionisfullyconcentratedontheactivity.

PleasureandEnjoyment

Maincontents

Detailedinformation

Pleasure

●Pleasureisafeelingthatoneachieveswhatonehas71onabiologicalorsociallevel.

●Thingslikegoodfood,excitingtravellingandaquietrestcanringonepleasurebecausetheycanhelprestoreone'sphysiologicalbalance,reduceone'sheavy72pressureandsaveonefromboredom.

Enjoyment

●Enjoyment73fromtheachievementofsomethingunexpectedorevenunimaginedbefore.

●Enjoyment74asenseofnoveltyandaccomplishmentsuchasaclosetennisgame,avaluablebookandaconversationproductiveofideas.

75

●Pleasureisoftenrelatedtothecomfortsthatmoneycanbuy,whileenjoyment,morelinkedtoone'sinnerworld,makesonefeelrewardedandchangedforthe76.

●Whilesomeexperiencesgivebothpleasureandenjoyment,someenjoyableonesarenotpleasurablewhentakingplacebutbringwonderfulfeelings77.

●Pleasurerequiresno78whileenjoymentcanneverbeachievewithouttheinvestmentofthefull79ofattention.

Conclusion

●Enjoymentisa80levelofpleasureandthetwodifferfromeachotherinseveralaspects.

三

We'vebeenhearingfeedbackfromourcustomersaboutthewaywehandleperformanceforiPhoneswitholderbatteriesandhowwehavecommunicatedthatprocess.WeknowthatsomeofyoufeelApplehasletyoudown.Weapologize.There'sbeenalotofmisunderstandingaboutthisissue,sowewouldliketoclarifyandletyouknowaboutsomechangeswe'remaking.

Firstandforemost,wehavenever—andwouldnever—doanythingtointentionallyshortenthelifeofanyAppleproduct,ordegradetheuserexperiencetodrivecustomerupgrades.Ourgoalhasalwaysbeentocreateproductsthatourcustomerslove,andmakingiPhoneslastaslongaspossibleisanimportantpartofthat.

Allrechargeablebatteriesareconsumablecomponentsthatbecomelesseffectiveastheirabilitytoholdachargereduces.Timeandthenumberoftimesabatteryhasbeenchargedarenottheonlyfactorsinthischemicalagingprocess.

Deviceusealsoaffectstheperformanceofabatteryoveritslifespan.Forexample,leavingorchargingabatteryinahotenvironmentcancauseabatterytoagefaster.

Achemicallyagedbatterybecomeslesscapableofdeliveringpeakenergyloads,especiallyinalowstateofcharge,whichmayleadtoadeviceunexpectedlyshuttingitselfdowninsomesituations.

Itshouldgowithoutsayingthatwethinksudden,unexpectedshutdownsareunacceptable.Wedon'twantanyofouruserstoloseacall,misstakingapictureorhaveanyotherpartoftheiriPhoneexperienceinterruptedifwecanavoidit.

AboutayearagoiniOS10.2.1,wedeliveredasoftwareupdatethatimprovespowermanagementduringpeakworkloadstoavoidunexpectedshutdownsoniPhone6,iPhone6Plus,iPhone6s,iPhone6sPlus,andiPhoneSE.Withth