天津专版高考英语二轮复习文档 题型组合练二含答案.docx
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天津专版高考英语二轮复习文档题型组合练二含答案
题型组合练
(二)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2017·红桥区二模)
PassportControl
IfyouarearrivingatLondonHeathrowAirportandarenottransferringtoanotherflightoutsideBritainorNorthernIreland,youmustpassthroughthePassportControlandtheCustomsimmediatelyafterleavingyourplane.IfyouarenotfromBritainoracitizenoftheEuropeanCommunity(欧共体),youmustfilloutaspecialformbeforeyourpassportisexamined.ThisformiscalledalandingcardandshouldbegiventoyouduringtheflighttoLondon.
Afterlanding,followtheARRIVALSsigns.MakesureyouareintherightchannelwhenyoureachthePassportControl.ThereisonechannelforholdersofEuropeanCommunityPassports,andasecondchannelmarked“OtherPassports”.
BaggageReclaimArea(取行李处)
AfterpassingthroughthePassportControl,followthesignstotheBaggageReclaimArea.Ifyouhaveluggagewhichiscarriedintheaircrafthold,itwillbedeliveredtoyouintheBaggageReclaimArea.Lookforthesignwithyourflightnumber.Ifyouhaveonlyhandluggage,godirectlythroughtheBaggageReclaimAreatotheCustoms.
Customs
AllpassengersmustpasstheCustomsafterthePassportControl.Thereisachoiceoftwochannels:
GreenandRed.Ifyouhavenothingtodeclare,gothroughtheGreenChannel.IfyouarenotsureaboutyourDutyFreeallowances(免税限额)orifyouhavesomethingtodeclare,gothroughtheRedChannel.InformationaboutDutyFreeallowancescanbefoundonspecialnoticeboardsintheBaggageReclaimArea.YoushouldstudythisinformationcarefullywhetheryouaregoingthroughtheRedChannelornot.PleasenotethatifyougothroughtheGreenChannel,youmaybestoppedandaskedtoopenyourluggageforinspection.
1.AllpassengersarrivingatHeathrowfromoutsideBritain.
A.mustgothrougheitherthePassportControlortheCustoms
B.mustgothroughtheCustoms,butnotthePassportControl
C.mustgothroughthePassportControlandtheCustoms
D.don’thavetobeexamined
答案 C
解析 细节理解题.由PassportControl中的第一句话及Customs中的第一句话可知选C.
2.Theunderlinedword“transferring”means“”.
A.exchangingB.switching
C.replacingD.turning
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题.根据上下文可知,该词意为“换乘,转乘”,此处指换乘飞机.故答案为B.
3.AtHeathrowwhenreachingthePassportControl,.
A.allpassengersgothroughthesamechannel
B.passengersoftheEuropeanCommunityandthosefromothercountriesgothroughdifferentchannels
C.Britishpeopleandpassengersfromothercountriesgothroughdifferentchannels
D.allEuropeanpassengersgothroughthesamechannel
答案 B
解析 细节理解题.由PassportControl中第二段最后一句可知,持有欧共体护照的乘客和来自其他国家的乘客所走的通道不同.
4.Ifyouhaveonlyhandluggage,.
A.youmaygothroughtheBaggageReclaimAreatotheCustoms
B.youshouldgothroughtheBaggageReclaimAreas
C.itisn’tnecessaryforyoutogothroughtheBaggageReclaimArea
D.itisn’tnecessaryforyoutodoanything
答案 A
解析 细节理解题.由BaggageReclaimArea中最后一句可知,如果你只有手提行李,那么就可以经行李认领处直接去海关.
5.Ifyouhavedutyfreegoods,.
A.youdon’thavetogothroughtheGreenChannel
B.youmaygothroughtheGreenChannel
C.youmustgothroughtheRedChannel
D.youshouldgothroughboththeGreenChannelandtheRedChannel
答案 B
解析 细节理解题.根据Customs中的相关叙述可知,如果你没有什么要申报的东西且买的免税商品未超免税限额,你就可以从绿色通道通过.
B
(2017·天津一中4月考)
“Therearemanywaysofbeingsmartthataren’tsmartlikeus.”ThesearethewordsofPatrickWinston,aleadingvoiceinthefieldofartificialintelligence.Althoughhisideaissimple,itssignificancehasbeenlostonmostpeoplethinkingaboutthefutureofwork.YetthisisthefeatureofAIthatoughttopreoccupyusthemost.
Fromthe1950stothe1980s,itwasgenerallythoughtthatthebestwaytobuildsystemscapableofperformingtaskstothelevelofhumanexpertsorhigherwastocopythewaythatexpertsworked.Buttherewasaproblem:
humanexpertsoftenstruggledtoexplainhowtheyperformedmanytasks.Chessplayingwasagoodexample.Whenaskedtoexplainhowtheyplayedchesswell,somegrandmastersappealedto“intuition(直觉)”,othersto“experience”.Manysaidtheydidnotreallyknowatall.Howcouldresearchersbuildachessplayingsystemtobeatagrandmasterifthebestplayersthemselvescouldnotexplainhowtheyweresogood?
Aturningpointcamein1997.DeepBlue,IBM’ssupercomputer,beatGarryKasparov,thethenworldchesschampion,inasixgamematch.Whatwasthemostremarkablewashowthesystemdidit.DeepBluedidnotshareMrKasparov’s“intuition”or“experience”.Itwonbymeansofabsoluteprocessingpowerandmassivedatastorageability.
Considerthelegalworld.DanielMartinKatz,alawprofessor,hasdesignedasystemtopredictthevotingbehaviouroftheUSSupremeCourt.Itcanperformaswellasmostspecialists,butitdoesnotmirrorthejudgementofahumanbeing.InsteaditdrawsondatathatcapturesixdecadesofCourtbehaviour.
Weseesimilardevelopmentsinotherpartsoflife.Surely,allthesepointtoafuturethatisverydifferentfromtheonemostexpertsarepredicting.Itisoftensaidthattherearemanytasksthatwillalwaysrequirehumanbeingstoperformbecausemachinescannot“think”,“reason”or“feel”likehumanbeings.Butthisistofailtograspthattomorrow’ssystemswillhandlemanytasksnotbycopyingusbutbyworkinginentirelydifferent,unhumanways.Thesetoftasksreservedparticularlyforhumanbeingsislikelytobemuchsmallerthanmanyexpect.
语篇解读 曾经,科学家一度认为人工智能需要复制人类的工作方式,现在人们了解到系统处理任务不能通过复制人类的工作方式,而是通过完全不同的、非人的工作方式.
6.Theexampleofchessplayingmainlyshowsthat.
A.it’simportantforachessplayingsystemtobeatagrandmaster
B.humanexpertshavevariousresponsesfortheirgoodperformance
C.it’sdifficulttobuildsystemsbycopyingthewayhumanexpertswork
D.thewayhumanexpertsworkcanbeofgreatbenefittobuildingsystems
答案 C
解析 细节理解题.根据第二段中的“humanexpertsoftenstruggledtoexplainhowtheyperformedmanytasks...Howcouldresearchersbuildachessplayingsystemtobeatagrandmasterifthebestplayersthemselvescouldnotexplainhowtheyweresogood?
”可知即使是最好的棋手他们自己也不能解释他们是如何这么优秀,研究者又如何能建立一个国际象棋博弈系统来打败大师呢?
故选C.
7.Accordingtothepassage,what’sthereasonforDeepBlue’ssuccessoverGarry?
A.ItsharedGarry’sintuitionandexperience.
B.It’sdesignedtothinklikeahumanexpert.
C.Garrywasnotableenoughtobeatsupercomputer.
D.Itwasequippedwithapowerfuldataprocessingsystem.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题.根据第三段最后一句“Itwonbymeansofabsoluteprocessingpowerandmassivedatastorageability.”可知,它通过绝对的处理能力和海量的数据存储能力来战胜Garry,故选D.
8.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingParagraph4?
A.Topresentmoredetails.
B.Toofferanotherexample.
C.Togivefurtherexplanation.
D.Tosharedeeperunderstanding.
答案 B
解析 写作意图题.作者写了法律教授DanielMartinKatz设计了一个系统来预测美国最高法院的投票行为,可见本段是作者给出的另一个例子,故选B.
9.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?
A.①②③—④⑤
B.①②—③④—⑤
C.①—②③④—⑤
D.①—②③—④⑤
答案 C
解析 篇章结构题.本文第一段提出观点“Therearemanywaysofbeingsmartthataren’tsmartlikeus.”;二、三、四段通过举例说明有很多的聪明的方法;最后一段“Weseesimilardevelopmentsinotherpartsoflife.”延伸到生活的其他领域,故选C.
10.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A.Systemsareexpectedtobemorehumanlike.
B.Moretasksarelikelytobehandledbysystems.
C.Humanbeingsarecertaintobereplacedbysystems.
D.Taskstomorrowaresupposedtobemoredemanding.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题.根据最后一段最后一句可以推断将来有更多的任务是由系统处理的,故选B.
C
(2016·河东区二模)
Weallknowthateatingjunkfoodcanmakeusfat.However,anewstudysuggeststhatitcandomorethanthat—itcanalsomakeuslazy,reportedCBSNews.
Inthestudy,researchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,USdivided32femaleratsintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupwasfedadietofhealthyfoodsuchascornandfish,whilethesecondwasgivenadietofhighlyprocessed(加工的)foodrichinsugar,namely“junkfood”.
Withinthreemonths,theratsinthesecondgroupwerealreadymuchfatterthanthoseonthehealthydiet.Andwhenresearcherstrainedtheratstodosimpletasks,theyfoundevenmoredifferencesbetweenthetwogroupsratherthanweight.
Duringthetask—pushingalever(杠杆)toreceivearewardofsugarwater—theratsonthejunkfooddietwerefoundtobelesswillingtomove,andtheytooklongerbreaksbetweeneachpushthantheleanratsdid.
“Itisasiftheratisthinking‘Thisistoomuchwork’,”AaronBlaisdell,leaderofthestudy,toldtheLosAngelesTimes.
Butwhataboutthepossibilitythatthefatratswerelesspassionateaboutgettingsugarwaterbecausetheywerealreadyeatinglotsofsugarintheirdailydiet?
That’swhyresearchersrepeatedthetestsbyrewardingfatratswithplainwaterwhentheywereextremelythirsty.However,theresultscameoutjustthesame.
Accordingtoresearchers,thesedifferencessuggestthatjunkfoodchangedthechemistryintherats’brains.
Theexperimentdidn’tendthere.Aftersixmonths,therats’dietswereswitched,andtheoverweightratsweregivenahealthydietforninedays.However,thischangedidn’thelpreducetheirweightorimprovetheirabilitytoperformtasks,whichmeanstheeffectsoftheirjunkfooddietpersisted(持续存在).“There’snoquickfix,”saidBlaisdell.
Foralongtime,we’vebelievedthatpeoplebecomefatbecausetheyarelazy.Butthisstudyhasproventheoppositetobetrueaswell,whichindicatesthatlazinessandobesityarea“viciouscycle(恶性循环)”.
So,ifyouconstantlyfeeltired,lackinganyurgetogetupfromyourchair,itcouldbethatyou’vebeenstudyingtoohard.Butyoushouldalsopayattentiontoyourdiet.
语篇解读 我们都知道吃垃圾食品会让我们变胖.然而,最新研究发现常吃垃圾食品还会让人变懒.
11.DuringthefirstthreemonthsoftheexperimentbyresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,.
A.ratsfromthehealthydietgroupatenothingbutcornandfish
B.ratsonthejunkfooddietatemorethanthoseonhealthydiet
C.ratsonthehealthyfooddietperformedbetteratsimpletasksthanthoseonthejunkfooddiet
D.ratsonthejunkfooddietseemeduninterestedinsugaryfood
答案 C
解析 细节理解题.由第四段可知,吃垃圾食品的老鼠不愿移动,而且它们需要更多时间休息.总之,它们不如吃健康食品的老鼠表现得好.
12.Theresearchersrewardedthirstyratswithplainwaterinthelevertestto.
A.helpthemcontroltheirweight
B.testwhetherfatratslostinterestinthetestbecausetheyhadtakenenoughsugar
C.changethediethabitsoffatrats
D.findouttheinfluenceofsugaronrats’brains
答案 B
解析 细节理解题.由第六段可知,为了验证老鼠是否是因为已经摄入了很多糖才对实验失去兴趣,研究者给它们喂食清水.
13.Theunderlinedword“there”refersto“”.
A.aftertheratsonthejunkfooddiethadworkedhardtogetsugarwater
B.afterthetypeoffoodratspreferhadbeenidentified
C.afteraquickcureforobesityhadbeenfound
D.afterthefactthatfatterratsarelazierthanleanratshadbeenfound
答案 D
解析 代词指代题.画线词指代的是上文实验的结论:
垃圾食品改变了老鼠大脑的化学成分,使它们变懒了.
14.Wecanconcludefromthearticlethat.
A.fatpeopleareusuallylazierthanleanpeople
B.peopleshouldswitchbetweendifferenttypesofdietstokeephealthy
C.beingoverweightandbeinglazycanfeedintoeachother
D.lazinessisthemaincauseofweightproblems
答案 C
解析 推理判断题.由倒数第二段第二句话可知,懒惰和肥胖是恶性循环.
15.WhichofthefollowingisNOTrightaccordingtothepassage?
A.Eatingjunkfoodcanmakeusfat.
B.Researchersgotdifferentresultsafterrepeatingtheteststofatrats.
C.Foralongtime,we’vebelievedthatpeoplebecomefatbecausetheyarelazy.
D.Ifyouconstantlyfeeltiredorstudytoohard,youneedtopayattentiontoyourdiet.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题.由第六段最后一句话可知,实验结果一样而