统编高中英语人教版必修第二册 学习助手 Unit 1 Period Three.docx
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统编高中英语人教版必修第二册学习助手Unit1PeriodThree
PeriodThree DiscoveringUsefulStructures—Restrictiverelativeclauses(3)
感知以下句子,完成方框下的小题
1.ThisisthebestTVsetthatismadeinChina.
2.Pleasejusttellmeanythingthatyouknowabouttheauthorofthebook.
3.Theboyandhisdogthatwerebelievedtobelostinthewoodwererescuedthismorning.
4.Johnistheboywhoselegswerebadlyinjuredintheaccident.
5.Thisisaplacewherechildrencanplaywithoutdanger.
6.Wealllookforwardtothedaywhenasimplemedicaltestcanfindcancerwhileitisstillsmall.
7.Thereasonwhyshewaslatefortheexamwasthatshegotstuckinatrafficjam.
1.句1-3中的定语从句由that引导,这是因为先行词被最高级、序数词及only,any修饰时,或者先行词是不定代词、先行词包括人和物时,关系代词常用that。
2.第4句用whose引导定语从句,是因为定语从句中缺少定语,whose在从句中充当此成分。
3.根据第5-7句可知,当从句中缺少状语时,由关系副词引导定语从句,缺地点状语由where引导,缺少时间状语用when引导,缺少原因状语用why引导。
限制性定语从句用来限制先行词的意义,在讲话时不需停顿,书写时不用逗号,通常由关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as和关系副词when,where,why引导。
一、基本概念
1.先行词:
被定语从句所修饰的词(有时是短语或句子)叫作先行词。
如下列句中加黑部分就是先行词。
Shehasfoundthenecklacethatshelosttwoweeksago.她找到了她那条丢失两周的项链。
Asageneralrule,themostsuccessfulmaninlifeisthemanwhohasthebestinformation.一般说来,生活中最成功的人是获得最佳信息的人。
Doyourememberthedaywhenwearrivedhere?
你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天?
2.关系词:
用来引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词。
它包括关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as)和关系副词(when,where,why)。
关系词在从句中一定要担任成分。
关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语;关系副词在从句中作状语。
We’regoingtodosomethingthathasneverbeendonebefore.(作主语)
Heisamanwhomweshouldalllearnfrom.(作宾语)
Helivesinahousewhosewindowfacessouth.(作定语)
Heisnolongerthepersonthatheusedtobe.(作表语)
AtthetimewhenIsawhim,hewaswell.(作时间状语)
Theystillliveinthesamehousewheretheylivedtenyearsago.(作地点状语)
ThatisthereasonwhyIamnotinfavorofrevisingtheplan.(作原因状语)
[温馨提示]
(1)作宾语的关系代词常可省去。
如:
Therearesomefilms(that)I’dliketosee.
(2)因为关系词在从句中已经担任了某一成分,所以关系词所代指的先行词在从句中不要再出现。
下面的句子都有错误:
MrsSmithwhomyoumetheryesterdayisafriendofmine.(去掉her)
Guilinisacitywhichithasahistoryof2,000years.(去掉it)
Thisistheplacewheremymotherwasbornthere.(去掉there)
TherearemomentswhenIforgotallaboutitthen.(去掉then)
二、关系词的种类和功能
种类
功能(在从句中所担任的成分)
关系代词
that
主语、宾语、表语(代替人或物)
which
主语、宾语(代替物)
who
主语、宾语(代替人)
whom
宾语(代替人)
whose
定语(代替人或物)
as
主语、宾语、表语(代替人或物)
关系副词
when
时间状语(代替表时间的先行词)
where
地点状语(代替表地点的先行词)
why
原因状语(先行词是reason)
1.that用作关系代词,既可指人也可指物,可作主语、宾语或表语。
Ishethemanthatsellseggs?
他是卖鸡蛋的那个人吗?
(作主语,指人)
Waterthatisimpureoftencausesseriousillness.水不清洁常会引起重病。
(作主语,指物)
2.which用作关系代词时一般指物,可作主语、宾语。
Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。
(作主语)
Thisisthebookwhichyouwanted.这就是你想要的那本书。
(作宾语)
3.who只指人,在从句中可作主语、宾语。
Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople’shealth.医生是关照人们健康的人。
(作主语)
ThemanwhoIsawiscalledSmith.我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。
(作宾语)
4.whom用作关系词,只指人,在从句中一般作宾语。
Thegentlemanwhomsheencounteredaddressedherwithcourtesy.她遇到的那位先生很有礼貌地和她讲话。
(作宾语)
5.whose在从句中作定语,既可指人也可指物。
You’retheonlyonewhoseadvicehemightlistento.只有你的话他可能会听。
(指人)
I’dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。
(指物)
6.when的先行词须是表时间的词,在从句中作时间状语。
JulyandAugustarethemonthswhentheweatherishot.七八月是天气很热的月份。
7.where的先行词须是表地点的名词,在从句中作地点状语。
She’sgoinghomewhereshecanrest.她要回家休息了。
[温馨提示]
关系副词where的先行词也可是有地点含义的抽象名词(如point,case,situation,condition等)。
Hehasreachedthepointwhereachangeisneeded.他已到了需要改弦易辙的地步。
(point在此是抽象名词)
8.why的先行词只有reason,在从句中作原因状语。
DoyouknowthereasonwhyIleftearly?
你知道我为什么早走吗?
三、that和which引导定语从句的区别
1.which可引导非限制性定语从句,that不可以。
Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.
他数学考试不及格,这让他父亲很生气。
2.which之前可有介词,that之前不能有介词。
ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunusedtolive.
这是鲁迅过去住过的房子。
3.当先行词是all,everything,nothing,something,anything,much,little,few等不定代词时,常用that。
ThatisallthatIwanttosay.那就是我想说的一切。
Thereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingit.
没有什么能阻止他这样做。
4.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时,多用that。
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
5.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时,多用that。
ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
6.先行词被thevery,theonly,thejust等修饰时,多用that。
ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.
这正是我想买的字典。
MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.
史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。
7.先行词既包括人又包括物时,用that。
Thepassengersandthesuitcasesthatwerestillwaitinghadtobetransferredtoanotherplane.仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。
[温馨提示]
1.way作先行词,若从句中缺少状语,则用that或inwhich引导定语从句,也可省略关系词。
Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hespeakstohisparents.我不喜欢他跟他父母讲话的方式。
2.关系副词可由“介词+关系代词”代替。
Iwillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichIworkedthere.我将永远记住我在那儿工作的那一天。
MyfavoritecityisBeijingwhere/inwhichIcanvisittheGreatWall.
我最喜欢的城市是北京,在那里我可以参观长城。
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswho/thathadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
2.Inthecafe,customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentthat/whichiscreatedforthem.(2019·全国Ⅲ)
3.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(资源).(2019·北京)
4.Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.(2019·天津)
5.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloththat/whichgivesofflightinthedark.
(2019·浙江)
6.
(1)Thisisthefactorythat/whichIvisitedlastyear.
(2)ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedlastyear.
7.
(1)Thereasonthat/whichhegaveisunbelievable.
(2)ThereasonwhyIwentwasthatIwantedtomeetyourfriends.
8.
(1)Idon’tlikethewaythat/in whichshedealswiththeproposal.
(2)Idon’tlikethewaythat/whichyoutaughtme.
9.
(1)Iwon’tforgetthedaywhen/on whichItookpartinthesportsmeeting.
(2)Iwon’tforgetthedaythat/whichIspentwithyouonthefarm.
10.
(1)Therewasonepointthat/whichwemustinsiston.
(2)Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareerwheresheneededtodecidewhattodo.
Ⅱ.用定语从句把下面的句子合并起来
11.Thisisthebus.Itgoestotheuniversity.
This is the bus that/which goes to the university.
12.Doyouremembertheplace?
Weallusedtomeetthere.
Do you remember the place where we all used to meet?
13.Thereareanumberofprotests.Weareconsideringthem.
There are a number of protests that/which we are considering.
14.Wetookinadog.Ithadbeenabandonedbyitsformerowner.
We took in a dog that/which had been abandoned by its former owner.
15.Inthecorridortherewasanoticeboard.Severalstudentswerelookingatit.
In the corridor there was a notice board that/which several students were looking at.
16.Sheisanartist.Iamquitefamiliarwithherworks.
She is an artist whose works I am quite familiar with.
17.Aninventorgaveusthetelephone.HewasaScot.
The inventor who/that gave us the telephone was a Scot.
18.Aplanecrashedintothesea.Itmayhavebeenaterroristtarget.
A plane that/which crashed into the sea may have been a terrorist target.
19.Ascientistdiscoveredtheneutron.HewasJamesChadwick.
The scientist who/that discovered the neutron was James Chadwick.
20.Youwereplayingsomemusic,anditsoundedveryfamiliar.
The music that/which you were playing sounded very familiar.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Wehaveenteredintoanagewhendreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.(2019·江苏)
2.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogramthat/whichgivesspecificfertilizer.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
3.Manywesternerswho/thatcometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2018·浙江)
4.Self-drivingisanareawhereChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.
(2018·江苏)
5.Whoisthepersonthatistalkingabouttheaccidentthat/whichhappenedonHighway104?
6.Thegirlthat/who/whomwemetinthedamisafilmstar,whoplayedtheleadingroleinthefilmthat/whichwesawyesterday.
7.Iseenoreasonwhythisissuecannotbediscussedrightnow.
8.Themanandthehorsethatfellintotheriverweredrowned.
9.Thebuildingwhosewindowsarebrightatnightisourschoolbuilding.
10.Thedepartmentthat/whichIvisitedlastyearwasnottheonewhereIonceworked.
Ⅱ.完成句子
11.Canyouprovidetheclueformethat/which you talked about the other day?
你能把前几天提到的那个线索提供给我吗?
12.Istillrememberthesitting-roomwhere my mother and I used to sitintheevening.
我仍然记得那个客厅,我和妈妈晚上常坐在那里。
13.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhose family was poor.
父母不让他娶任何家庭贫困的人为妻。
14.Doyoustillrememberoneeveningaweekagowhen I came to your room and borrowedadiamondnecklace?
你还记得一周前的一个晚上吗?
我来你房间借了一条钻石项链。
15.Thesecondbookthat I want to readisRedStarOverChina.
我想读的第二本书是《红星照耀中国》。
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
ThePolishtakegreatprideintheirculture.Ourculturehasmanydifferentcustomsandtraditions.Iwilldiscussthreeofthesetraditionsandcustoms.
ThePolishwillsay“Dziekuje”(“thankyou”)onlyafterreceivingtheirchange.WhatImeanbythisisthatwhenyouareinPoland,youshouldwaittosay“thankyou”untilafteryouhavebeengivenyourchangeback.Ifyoudonot,youaretellingcashiers(收银员)thattheycan“keepthechange”.Often,peoplevisitingPolandwillfeelthatthingsareveryexpensive,untiltheylearnthattheyaregivingthestoreclerkpermissiontokeepthemoneythatwouldhavebeengivenback.
Polishpeoplebreak“bread”withtheirfamiliesduringtheirChristmasEvemeal.TheChristmasEvecelebrationstartswiththebreakingoftheOplatek,whichisathinpieceof“bread”.Inmyfamily,theeldestinthefamily(mygrandfather)takesthebigOplatekandbreaksitintolargepiecesthathethenhandsdowntoeachofhisfourchildren(myaunt,uncles,andfather