第四讲 分析报告的正文部分 The Body ofa Report.docx

第四讲 分析报告的正文部分 The Body ofa Report.docx

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第四讲分析报告的正文部分TheBodyofaReport

第四讲报告的正文部分TheBodyofaReport

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第四讲报告的正文部分

LectureFourTheBodyofaReport

TheBodyofareportconsistsofthreemajorparts.Theyare:

InformationGatheringMethodandProcedure

收集信息的方法和程序

PresentationofFindings

调查结果

DiscussionandInterpretationofFindings

讨论和阐释调查结果

收集信息的方法和程序InformationGatheringMethodandProcedure

ThissectionisincludedintheBodyonlyiftheauthorfeelsthatthereaderswillfindthedetailsofthemethodimportantandaregenuinelyinterestedinreadingit.Ifthemethodiscommonlyknown,itisjustbrieflymentioned.

Example4A

MostoftheinformationinthisreportwasderivedfromtheCivilServicesProspectus,2003.SomeofitcamefrominterviewswithkeycivilservantsandtradeunionleadersoftheCivilServicesBranchoftheFederalCivilServicesUnion.ThemajorfindingsofanindependentsurveyconductedbyMartinMarketingConsultantslastmonthwerealsoincorporated.

这份报告的主要信息来自2003年《国内公务员专刊》。

亦有些信息来源于对公务员领导层及公务员职工工会公务员分部的主要工会领导者的采访。

另外，上个月圣马丁市场顾问公司进行的独立调查，其主要结果页包含在这份报告里。

在示例4A中所有的动词均使用过去时态。

使用过去时态的目的是为了说明收集信息的过程所做的工作。

注意这里经常使用被动语态。

Exercise4.1

IdentifyallthemainverbsusedinExample4A.

Exercise4.2

Writeaparagraphstatinghowtheinformationrelatingtoareportonprojectmanagementwascollected.Youmayfindtheverbsandnotesprovidedintheboxesbelowhelpful.

Derive（源于）come（来自）conduct（得出）incorporate（包含）

●Informationfromcomputerjournals（来自于计算机刊物的信息）

●Interviewswithprojectmanagersandsystemsanalysts（采访计划主管和系统分析员）

●Findingsofarecentsurveybyourmanagementstaffonaspectsofprojectmanagement,withspecialreferencetoplanningandcontrol（我们的管理人员，对计划管理情况特别是相关计划和控制情况的调查结果）

调查结果PresentationofFindings

这个部分罗列的是调查结果。

这个结果一般都是针对某些问题进行调查后得到的。

在研究报告中，这部分内容成为对调查结果的说明。

为了有效地说明调查结果，必须提供清楚和正确的事实。

换句话讲，对调查结果的说明应当是：

●Exact—preciseandwithoutexaggeration

●准确—精确而不夸张

●Objective—canbemeasuredbyobjectivestandardsandfreeofpersonalbias

●客观—以客观标准验证而不存在个人的偏见

●Reliable—thesourceofinformationandmethodofdatacollectionshouldbeclearlyspecifiedsothatthedatacanbeverified.Thislendscredibilitytothereportandshowsitsreliability.

●可信—信息来源和收集数据的方法应当是清楚的，并能够经得起检验，以此说明报告的内容是确凿和可靠的。

在提供事实前，首先要考虑的是如何组织材料。

有许多组织材料和数据的方法可供选择，例如，根据时间或不同的题目，如财富、收入、人口、国家、雇员、产品等。

有时许多标准看起来都很适合。

但是方法的选择必须与报告的目标相一致。

请详细阅读下列报告的题目：

TheWoolTradeofAustralia:

2000-2004

（2000-2004年澳大利亚的羊毛贸易）

Atfirstglance,anumberofcategoriesseemappropriate.Theyincludetime—reportingonthesequenceofeventsinachronologicalorder,annuallyfrom2000to2004;income—byyearoramount;countries—bymajorbuyersand/orkeycompetitors;Australianwoolfamers—bystateorvolumeofbusiness/production;etc.

TheChoiceshouldbebasedonthepurposeorobjective（s）ofthereport.Forinstance,ifthereportmerelyaimstoprovideadescriptionofthesequenceofeventsinAustralia’swooltradeduringtheyearsinquestion,thentimewouldbethemostappropriatecriterion.However,ifthepurposethereportistocarryoutaSWOTanalysis（Strengths,Weaknesses,OpportunitiesandThreats）ofAustralia’swooltrade,thentimemaynotbethebestcriterion.Instead,countriescouldserveasamoreappropriatecriterion.ASWOTanalysisofthemajorbuyersandkeycompetitorsofAustralianwool（bycountry）couldprovidetherequireinformation.Itcouldalsogenerateasoundbasisforindustryforecasts.

Example4B

Studythepassagebelowwhichattemptstopresentfindings.

详细阅读下面的文字，尝试罗列某项调查的结果。

Thislaptopcomputerisverylightandsmall.Itcomeswithasuiteofapplicationssoftwarewhichuserswillfinduseful.Ithaslargememorycapacityandrunsoffdrybatteries.Batterylifeisalsolonger.

这个手提电脑既轻又小，它配置的软件非常有用，记忆储存量大并能使用干电池。

干电池的使用期比较长。

TherearefourstatementsinExample4B.Althoughallofthemtrytodescribeaspectsofthelaptopcomputerinquestion,theyaretoovague.Specificinformationonunitsofweightordimensionsshouldbeprovided.Moreover,whenmakingcomparisons,itisvitaltoprovideacommonbasisforthecomparison.SuchabasisislackinginthelaststatementinExample4B.

Belowaresomesuggestionsforimprovement.

Thislaptopcomputerisverylightandsmall.Threepartsinthissentencerequirespecificinformation.Thislaptopcomputercanbereplacedbythemodelorbrandnameofthecomputer,e.g.TheZX99computer.Thephraseverylightshouldbereplacedbytheactualweightofthecomputer,e.g.0.3kg.Thewordsmallshouldbereplacedbytheactualdimensions,e.g.1.5*21*30cm,aboutthesizeofanA4pad.

Itcomeswithasuiteofapplicationssoftwarewhichuserswillfinduseful.Thephraseasuiteofapplicationssoftwareistoovague.Ifexamplessuchasalarm,calculator,calendar,database,diary,printer-editor,spreadsheet,terminal,word-processor,etcaregiven,thereaderswillfindtheinformationmoreuseful.

手提电脑中的计算机软件非常有用。

这句话中的计算机软件交代得不够清楚。

应当交代这些软件中包括：

闹钟、计算器、日历、数据库、日志、打印编辑、报表、终端机、文字处理器等，这样，读者可以获得更多有用的信息。

Ithaslargememorycapacityandrunsoffdrybatteries.Thememorycapacityofthecomputerisnotquantified.Afactualaccountrequiresthephraselargememorycapacitybereplacedbydatasuchas20MbyteRAMand4MbyteROMbuiltin,expandablereadilyto100MbyteRAM.Itisalsohelpfulifthenumberofbatteriesrequiredandtheirtypearespecified,e.g.twoAAlithiumbatteries.

Batterlifeisalsolonger.Inthisstatement,thebasisforcomparisonislacking.Thephrasealsolongershouldbereplacedbytheactualbatterylifesuchasatleast300hoursoffull-facilitycomputing.

Example4C

Belowisaclearerandmoreaccuratepresentationofthefactsforareport.

TheZX99computerweighs0.3kg.Itsdimensionsare1.5*21*30cm,aboutthesizeofanA-4pad.Itcomeswithasuiteofapplicationssoftware:

alarm,calculator,calendar,database,diary,printer-editor,spreadsheet,terminal,word-processor,etcwhichtheuserwillfinduseful.Ithas20MbyteRAMand4MbyteROMbuiltin,readilyexpandableto100MbyteRAM.ItusestwoAAlithiumbatterieswhichprovideatleast300hoursoffull-capacitycomputing.

Aswecansee,itisimportanttodistinguishbetweenfactsandopinionsionareport.Forexample,asalespersonisnotprovidingfactualinformationwhenhewritesthefollowing:

由此我们可以了解，在报告中区分事实与观点是非常重要的。

例如，一名销售人员起草下面的报告时，未能够提供确实的信息：

Alotofwatchesweresoldthismonth.

Theproblemhereisthattheinformationgivenistoovagueandonlyrepresentstheauthor’sopinion.ThephraseAlotofonlyprovidesanopinion.Ifitisreplacedbyaspecificquantity,e.g.967watches,hissupervisorwouldknowexactlyhowmanywatchesweresold.Therefore,thesentence:

967watchesweresoldthismonth.

Itisfactualasitgivesspecificinformation.OtherphrasessuchasIfeel,itseems,itseemstome,inmyopinion,inmyview,webelieve,inouropinion,etcshowthattheauthor（s）is/areonlyprovidinganopinion.

Moreover,ifthephrasethismonthisreplacedbytheactualnameofthemonthinquestion,e.g.inMarch,thereaderswillfinditeveneasiertofollowthemessage.SothefollowingsentenceisthebestonetoincludeinthePresentationofFindingssectionofareport.

967watchesweresoldinMarch.

Exercise4.3

Readthepassagebelowandcompletethetablebyputtinga√　intheappropriatecolumn.

Thepresentstaffdevelopmentschemeappeartobeafailure.Only3%ofthecompany’sstaffreceivedfundingthroughtheschemelastyear.Lessthan10%ofthebudgetallocatedwasspent.Itseemsthatthemajorityofstaffareunawareoftheexistenceofthescheme.Inouropinion,promotionalworkontheschemehasbeenlargelyinadequate.

现行的员工发展计划看来是失败的。

去年只有3%的员工获得该项计划的拨款，花掉的不到预算的10%。

看来多数员工不知道该项发展计划的存在。

我们认为，该项计划的推广宣传工作做得不理想。

Information

Fact

Opinion

1.Presentstaffdevelopmentschemeafailure

现行的员工发展计划失败

2.3%ofthecompany’sstaffreceivedfundinglastyear

去年，只有3%的公司员工获得计划的拨款

3.Under10%oftheallocatedbudgetwasspent

分配给该计划的预算只花掉不到10%

4.Majorityofstaffunawareofscheme

多数员工不知道这项发展计划的存在

5.Promotionalworkonschemelargelyinadequate

该计划的推广工作做得不理想

讨论和阐释结果DiscussionandInterpretationofFindings

Afterprovidinganaccountofthefacts,youneedtodiscussandinterprettheresults.Youshouldalsopointoutthesignificanceoftheresultstoyourreaders.

在提供了事实后，报告需讨论和阐释结果，并应向读者指出结果的重要性。

Example4D

Readthepassagebelowwhichprovidesanaccountoffacts.

Sincetheearly1960s,Singaporeanbankshaveactedswiftlytodevelopnewtechnologytoperfecttheirlevelofcustomerservice.

Nowadays,customershavetheconvenienceofdepositingandwithdrawingtheirmoneyinanybankinSingapore24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Thereisabsolutelynoneedforthemtorushtoabanktobeatthe4:

30pmclosingtime.WithdrawingcashduringaweekendoronapublicholidayissimplydoneviaaconvenientlylocatedAutomaticTellerMachine（ATM）.

Todate,theSingaporeanfinancialindustryhasestablished2,800ATMsandanetworkof19,000outletsinretailstoresforelectronicfundtransfers.ForSingaporeancustomers,theirnearestATMisjustroundthecorner—theirnearestlocalshoppingcenter.

InExample4D,anumberoffactshavebeenincluded:

●ThedevelopmentofnewtechnologybySingaporeanbankssincetheearly1960s.

●Nowadays,Singaporeancustomerscandepositandwithdrawmoney24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.

●AutomaticTellerMachines（ATMs）havebroughtaboutthisconvenience.

●Todate,thereare2,800ATMsandanetworkof19,000outletsinretailstoresforelectronicfundtransfers.

Inareport,thesefactswouldbefollowe