英语四级模拟题及答案Word格式.docx

英语四级模拟题及答案Word格式.docx

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1.竞争使人们充满创造力，使人们更有效率。

2.竞争促使生产出更好的产品和提供更优质的服务。

3.竞争促进了社会的进一步发展。

Competition

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-7,mark

Y（forYES）ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N（forNO）ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG（forNOTGIVEN）iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

Earthquake

CanScientistsPredictKillerEarthquakes?

ThedatewasNovember23,1980.PeoplenearNaples,insouthernItaly,felttheEarthrollandshake.Earthquake!

Suddenlybuildingscametumblingdown.Cracksappearedintheearth.Withinminutes,entiretownsweredestroyed.Thousandsofpeopleweredead.Thousandsmorewereinjured.

Asrescuerssearchedthroughtherubble,manypeoplemusthavewondered,ofonlythevictimshadknownaheadoftime,manylivescouldhavebeensaved.

Actually,anItalianscientistdidpredictthatsuchaquakewouldhappen.In1977Dr.M.CaputooftheUniversiteDegilesStudiinRomewarnedthatalargequakewouldsoonstriketheeastofNaples.Unfortunately,hecouldn’tpredicttheexacttimeanddateofthequake.

Dr.Caputomadehisgeneralpredictionaftertalkingwithscientistsat54earthquakemonitoringstationsthroughoutItaly.HelearnedthatmanyearthquakeshadrecentlyrockeddifferentareasaroundNaples.ButnonehadoccurredinoneparticularspoteastofNaplesformanyyears.Dr.Caputofeltthattheareawaslongoverdueforalargequake.Anditwas.

EarthquakeStrikesinGap

ThequakeoccurredinaregionthatDr.Caputocalledaseismicgap.Aseismicgapisanareainanactiveearthquakeregionwherenoearthquakeorseismicactivityhasbeenrecordedinalongtime.SeismicgapsarelocatedwheretwolargeplatesintheEarthhavebecomestuck.

Whentheplatesslidepasteachother,theysometimesbecamelockedinplace.Asimilarthinghappenswhenyoumakearunningleaponasidewalkwhilewearingsneakers.Whenyoulandonbothfeet,thesneakersgrabontoroughsurface.Frictiontendstoholdyourfeetbackwhiletherestofyourbodygoesforward.Youmayendupfallingflatonyourface.

Inthecaseofplates,however,theunevensurfacesbetweentheplatescausetheplatestoremainlockedinplaceforyears.Hugepressurebuildsupbehindeachplate.Periodically,ashudder,ortremor,isrecordedassomeofthisenergyisreleased.

Finally,afterabout50years,rockintheseismicgapeithersuddenlybreaksormovesunderthegreatstress.Thissuddenreleaseofenergysendsshockwavesthroughtherocklayersabove.Thegroundshakes,sidewalkscrack,andbuildingstumble.Amightyquakehasstruck.

GapsUsedToPredictQuakes

Manygeologistshaveusedwhatiscalledtheseismicgaptechniquetoaccuratelypredictearthquakes.ThetechniquewasfirstdevelopedbySovietearthquakeexpertDr.V.FodotovduringhisstudiesofancientandrecentJapaneseearthquakes.Dr.Fodotovwasmarkingthelocation,size,anddateofallknownquakesinJapanwhenhenoticedastrikingpattern.

AllmajorearthquakeswerefoundtooccurinonlyafewisolatedspotsinJapan.Eachofthesespots,henoted,experiencedamajorquakeonlyonceevery50to60years.Dr.Fodotovconcludedthatspotsthathadnthadaquakeinmorethan50yearswere“ripe”foraquake.TheRussianscientistnamedtheselocationsseismicgaps.

Inthepastseveralyears,geologistsfromothercountrieshavefoundseismicgapsinotherpartsoftheworld.Aftermakingdetailedstudiesofpastquakesintheseregions,thegeologistswereabletomakeanaccuratepredictionofwhenaquakewouldoccur.

HowDoAnimalsKnowWhenanEarthquakeIsComing?

Scientistswhotrytopredictearthquakeshavegottensomenewhelpersrecently—animals.

That’sright,animals.Scientistshavebeguntocatchontowhatfarmershaveknownforthousandsofyears.Animalsoftenseemtoknowinadvancethatanearthquakeiscoming,andtheyshowtheirfearbyactinginstrangeways.BeforeaChinesequakein1975,snakesawokefromtheirwintersleepearlyonlytofreezetodeathinthecoldair.Cowsbroketheirhaltersandtriedtoescape.Chickensrefusedtoentertheircoop.Allofthisunusualbehavior,aswellasphysicalchangesintheearth,alertedChinesescientiststothecomingquake.Theymovedpeopleawayfromthedangerzoneandsavedthousandsoflives.

Onetaskforscientiststodayistolearnexactlywhichtypesofanimalbehaviorpredictquakes.It’snotaneasyjob.Firstofallnoteveryanimalreactstothedangerofanearthquake.JustbeforeaCaliforniaquakein1977,forexample,anArabianstallionbecameverynervousandtriedtobreakoutofhisstall.Thehorsenexttohim,however,remainedperfectlycalm.It’salsodifficultattimestotellthedifferencebetweennormalanimalrestlessnessand“earthquakenerves”.Azookeeperoncecalledearthquakeresearcherstosaythathiscougarhadbeenactingstrangely.Itturnedoutthatthecathadanupsetstomach.

Asecondtaskforscientistsistofindoutexactlywhatkindofwarningstheanimalsreceive.Theyknowthatanimalssensefarmoreoftheworldthanhumansdo.Manyanimalscansee,hear,andsmellthingsthatpeopledonotevennotice.Somecandetecttinychangesinairpressure,gravity,orthemagnetismofEarth.Thisextrasenseprobablyhelpsanimalspredictquakes.

Agoodexampleofthisoccurredwithagroupofdogs.Theywerepennedupinanareathatwasbeingshakenbyaseriesoftinyearthquakes.（Severalsmallquakesoftencomebeforeorafteralargeone.）Beforeeachquakealowboomingsoundwasheard.Eachboomcausedthedogstobarkwildly.Thenthedogsbegantobarkduringasilentperiod.Ascientistwhowasrecordingtilequakeslookedathismachine.Itwasactingasthoughtherewerealoudnoisetoo.Thescientistrealizedthatthedogshadreactedtoaboomingnoise.Theyalsosensedthetinyquakethatfollowedit.Themachinerecordedboth,thoughhumansfeltandheardnothing.

Inthiscasetherewasamachinetomonitorwhatthedogsweresensing.Manytimes,however,ourmachinesrecordnothingoutoftheordinary,eventhoughanimalsknowaquakeiscoming.Theanimalsmightbesensingsomethingwesomeasurebutdonotrecognizeasawarning.Discoveringwhatanimalssense,andlearninghowtheyknowitisadangersignal,isajobforfuturescientists.

1.SincenoonehadpredictedtheprecisedateoftheearthquakestrikingeastofNaples,peopletheresufferedheavylossinthedestruction.

2.AseismicgapislocatedatthejunctionoftwointerlockingplatesintheEarth,andwherenoseismicactivityhasbeenrecordedforalongtime.

3.Fromthepassagewelearnthataregularstrikingpatterncanbefoundinanactiveearthquakeregion.

4.DuringanearthquakeinChina1975,cowsbroketheirhaltersandranawayfromtheirsheds.

5.AsitisusedinParagraph13,theword“cat”referstoatypicaldomesticcat.

6.Allanimalsbutmencannoticetinychangedinairpressure,gravity,orthemagnetismofEarth.

7.ThedogsmentionedinParagraph15hadsensedboththelowboomsandtheminorquakesfollowingthem.

1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]

4.[Y][N][NG]5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]

7.[Y][N][NG]

8.Dr.CaputobasedhispredictionuponthefactthatlotsofearthquakeshadrecentlyoccurredinallareasaroundNaplesbutits___________.

9.Accordingtotheauthor’sinformation,every50yearsorso,amightyearthquakewillberecordedat___________________.

10.Chinesescientistsevacuatedpeoplefrom_____________aftertheyhadnoticedthestrangebehaviorofsomeanimalsaswellasphysicalchangesintheearth.

PartⅣReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes）

SectionA

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

WhatisitaboutAmericansandfood?

Welovetoeat,butwefeel47aboutitafterward.Wesaywewantonlythebest,butwestrangelyenjoyjunkfood.We’re48withhealthandweightlossbutfaceanunprecedentedepidemicofobesity.Perhapsthe49tothisambivalenceliesinourhistory.ThefirstEuropeanscametothiscontinentsearchingfornewspicesbutwentinvain.Thefirstcashcropwasn’teatenbutsmoked.ThentherewasProhibition,intendedtoprohibitdrinkingbutactuallyencouragingmore50waysofdoingit.

Theimmigrantexperience,too,hasbeenoneofinharmony.DoasRomansdomeanseatingwhat“realAmericans”eat,butournation’sfoodhascometobe51byimports-pizza,say,orhotdogs.Andsomeofthecountry’smosttreasuredcookingcomesfrompeoplewhoarrivedhereinshackles.

Perhapsitshouldcomeasnosurprisethenthatfoodhasbeenamediumforthenation’sdefiningstruggles,whetherattheBostonTeaPartyorthesit-insatsouthernlunchcounters.Itisintegraltoourconceptsofhealthandevenmoralitywhetheronerefrainsfromalcoholforreligiousreasonsore