国际商务英语重点大汇总.docx

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国际商务英语重点大汇总.docx

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国际商务英语重点大汇总.docx

国际商务英语重点大汇总

InternationalBusinessEnglish

Lesson1

InternationalBusiness

BusinessKnowledge:

Themajordifferencesbetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness

A.Differencesinlegalsystems

B.Differencesincurrencies

C.Differencesinculturalbackground

D.Differentinnaturalandeconomicconditions

Themajortypesofinternationalbusiness

A.Trade

a.Commoditytrade

b.Servicetrade

B.Investment

a.Foreigndirectinvestment

b.Portfolioinvestment

C.Othertypes

a.Licensingandfranchising

b.Managementcontractandcontractmanufacturing

c.TurnkeyprojectandBOT

TradeTerms:

1.Customsarea关税区:

2.Conversion货币兑换

3.Visibletrade有形贸易:

Theformofcommoditytrade,.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.（includingcashtransaction-bymeansofmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade）

4.Invisibletrade无形贸易:

Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.

5.FDI外国直接投资:

Foreigndirectinvestments.Returnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedinahostcountry./.Onecountryacquiresassetsinaforeigncountryforthepurposeofcontrollingandmanagingthem.

6.Portfolioinvestment证券投资:

Purchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.

7.Stocks股票:

Capitalstocksorbonds.

8.Bonds债券:

Thepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.

9.Maturity（单据等）到期

10.Certificateofdeposit大额存单

11.Licensing许可经营:

Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.

12.Franchising特许经营:

Underfranchising,franchiseeisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,franchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.

13.TradeMark商标

14.Patent专利

15.Royalty专利（许可）利用费，版税

16.Copyright版权

17.Licenser许可方

18.Licensee被许可方

19.Franchiser特许方:

Afirmwhoprovidesthefranchiseewithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.

20.Franchisee被特许方:

Afirmisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother.

21.Managementcontract治理合同:

Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecializedservicestoanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflatpaymentorapercentageoftherelevantbusinessvolume.

22.Valuechain价值链

23.Turnkeyproject“交钥匙”工程:

Foraninternationalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontractwithaforeignpurchaserandundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacilityequippingbeforehandingitovertothelatteruponcompletion.

24.

BOT建设、经营和移交:

Build,Operate,Transfer

25.Expertise专门知识

26.Bonus盈利、奖金、津贴

27.Royalty许可利用费

28.Internationalinvestment国际投资:

Supplyingcapitalbyresidentsofonecountrytoanother.

29.Contractmanufacturing承包生产

30.GATT关贸总协定:

GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade

31.Internationalbusiness国际商务:

Transactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries.Sometimesbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthesamecountryisalsoregardedasimportandexport.

32.Intellectualproperty知识产权

33.Oildeposit:

石油储蓄=oilreserves

34.thereservesofnaturalresources自然资源储蓄

35.Personaladvancement个人的晋升，个人素养的提高和个人事业的进步等。

Answerthefollowingquestions:

1.Whatdoesinternationalbusinessreferto?

Pleasetellthedifferencebetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness.

Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries.Sometimesbusinessacrossthebordersofdifferentcustomsareasofthesamecountryisalsoregardedasimportandexport.

Somemajordifferencesbetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusinessisfollowing:

（1）Differencesinlegalsystems

（2）Differencesincurrencies

（3）Differencesinculturalbackground

（4）Differentinnaturalandeconomicconditions

2.Pleaseexplainthedifferencesbetweenvisibletradeandinvisibletrade.Whichisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantandaccountsforanincreasingproportionininternationaltrade?

Visibletradeistheformofcommoditytrade.Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.Thelaterisbecomemoreandmoreimportant.

3.Canyoucitesomeexamplestoillustrateculturaldifferencesininternationalbusiness?

Culturaldifferencesincludinglanguage,customs,traditions,religion,value,behavioretc.

4.Pleaseelaborateonthetwocategoriesofinternationalinvestment.Whatistheirmajordifference?

FDI（Foreigndirectinvestment）ismadeforreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedininahostcountry.Portfolioinvestmentreferstopurchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.Suchfinancialassetsmaybestocks,bondsorcertificatesofdeposit.

5.Whatislicensing?

Whydofirmssometimeschooseitasameansofenteringaforeignmarket?

Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.Besides,theycanbenefitfromlocationaladvantagesofforeignoperationwithoutanyobligationsinownershipormanagement.Theuseoflicensingisparticularlyencouragedbyhighcustomsdutyandnon-tariffbarriersonthepartofthehostcountry.

6.Whatisfranchising?

Howisitdifferentfromlicensing?

Underfranchising,franchiseeisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,franchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.Incomparisonwiththerelationbetweenthelicenserandthelicensee,thefranchiserhasmorecontroloverandprovidesmoresupportforthefranchisee.

7.Whatisamanagementcontract?

Underwhatconditionsisitmostapplicable?

Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecializedservicestoanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflatpaymentorapercentageoftherelevantbusinessvolume.Whenagovernmentforbidsforeignownershipincertainindustriesitconsiderstobeofstrategicimportancebutlackstheexpertiseforoperation,managementcontractsmaybeapracticalchoiceenablingaforeigncompanytooperateintheindustrywithoutowningtheassets.

8.Whatisaninternationalturnkeyproject?

InwhatwayisitsvariantBOTdifferentfromit?

Foraninternationalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontractwithaforeignpurchaserandundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacilityequippingbeforehandingitovertothelatteruponcompletion.ForaBOTproject,afirmoperatesafacilityforaperiodoftimeafterbuildingitupbeforefinallytransferringittoaforeigncompany.MakingprofitfromoperatingtheprojectforaperiodisthemajordifferencebetweenBOTandthecommonturnkeyproject

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:

1.国际贸易一样指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因此比国内贸易要复杂得多。

Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesformdifferentcountries.Itinvolvesmorefactorsandthusismorecomplicatedthedomesticbusiness.

2.随着经济一体化进程的进展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。

因此，在此方面具有必然的知识是十分必要的，这既有利于企业的进展又有利于个人的进步。

Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,fewpeopleorcompaniescancompletelystayawayfrominternationalbusiness.Therefore,someknowledgeinthisrespectisnecessarybothforthebenefitofenterprisesandpersonaladvancement.

3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有治理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。

Otherformsforparticipatingininternationalbusinessaremanagementcontract,contractmanufacturingandturnkeyproject.

4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式显现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或入口到另一国进行消费或转售。

Internationalbusinessfirsttooktheformofcommoditytrade,.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.

5.除国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。

Besidestradeandinvestment,internationallicensingandfranchisingaresometimestakenasameansofenteringaforeignmarket.

Lesson2

IncomeLevelandtheWorldMarket

BusinessKnowledge:

（1）GNPandGDP

（2）PercapitaincomeandpercapitaGDP

（3）High-income,middleincomeandlow-incomecountries

A.Standardsforclassification

B.Representativecountries

（4）TriadandQuad

A.UnitedStates

B.WesternEurope

C.Japan

D.Canada

（5）OtherimportantmarketsforChina

TradeTerms:

1.GNP国民生产总值:

GrossnationalProduct.Themarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.

2.GDP国内生产总值:

GrossDomesticProduct.Themarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.

3.Nationalincome国民收入

4.Percapitaincome人均收入

5.PercapitaGDP人均国内生产总值:

ItiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulation,whichrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers.

6.PPP购买力平价:

Purchasingpowerparity

7.Consumerism消费主义

8.Incomedistribution收入散布:

Theproportionsofitsrich,middleincomeandpoorpeople.

9.Infrastructure基础设施

10.Staplegoods大路货

11.Invoice（开）发票

12.

Creditorcountry债权国

13.OECD经合组织，经济合作与开发组织:

OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.

14.TheCommonwealthofIndependentStates独联体，独立国家联合体

15.ASEAN东盟，东南亚国家联盟:

AssociationofSoutheastAsianNationals.

16.NIEs（亚洲四小虎）:

NewlyIndustrializedEconomies

17.Factorsofproduction生产要素

Answerthefollowingquestions:

1.ExplaintheconceptsofGNPandGDPrespectivelyandpointouttheirmajordifference.Canweusetheminterchangeably?

GNP（GrossnationalProduct）referstothemarketvalueofgoodsandservicespro

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