公共英语四级真题2009年09月(无听力版).pdf

公共英语四级真题2009年09月(无听力版).pdf

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装订线公共英语四级真题2009年09月SectionListeningComprehension1.120略SectionUseofEnglishDirections:

Readthefollowingtext.ChoosethebestwordorphraseforeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.Inadditiontotheestablishedenergysourcessuchasgas,coal,oilandnuclear,thereareanumberofothersourcesthatweoughttoconsider.Twoofthesearehydroelectricandtidalpower.Thesetwosourcesare（21）inthattheyarebothrenewable.（22）,hydropowerismorewidelyusedthantidal.In（23）,asubstantialamountofelectricityisalreadyproducedinHEP（hydroelectricpower）stationsworldwide,（24）tidalstationsarestillintheveryearly（25）ofdevelopment.Asfarasgeographical（26）isconcerned,HEPprojectsaretobefoundonlakesandrivers,whiletidal（27）areconstructedonlyatrivermouthswheretidal（28）isgreat.Unfortunatelytheseare（29）innumber.AtpresentHEPstationsarefoundmainlyinNorway,Canada,SwedenandBrazil,whereastidalplantsarein（30）inFrance,RussiaandChina.Asregardscapital（31）,bothrequireveryhighinvestment.Ontheotherhand,generating（32）arequitelowinbothcases.Infact,alargescaleHEPplantiscapableofproducingpowermore（33）thanconventionalsources,suchascoal,oilandnuclearplants.Tidalpoweralsocompares（34）withnuclearandoilgeneratedelectricity,（35）theamountofmoneyonproduction.（36）HEPstations,tidalconstructionshavealonglife（37）.Itisestimatedthattheycanoperateforover100years.Withrespectto（38）ofsupply,tidalstations（39）fromHEPonesinthattheyoftencanonlysupplypower（40）.HEPstations,however,provideaconstantsupplyofelectricity.2.?

Acompatible?

Bparallel?

Csimilar?

Didentical3.?

AFurthermore?

BHowever?

CHence?

DOtherwise4.?

Aaddition?

Bbrief?

Cgeneral?

Dfact5.?

Aprovided?

Bsince?

Cwhereas?

DthoughPage1of92012-4-11http:

/stages?

Bperiods?

Cyears?

Dsessions7.?

Alocation?

Bposition?

Csituation?

Dcondition8.?

Apatterns?

Bdesigns?

Cplans?

Dschemes9.?

Avariation?

Bbalance?

Cfrequency?

Dstability10.?

Asmall?

Bfew?

Crare?

Dscarce11.?

Aoperation?

Bproduction?

Cprocession?

Daction12.?

Aspending?

Bplanning?

Cfinancing?

Dsaving13.?

Aexpenditures?

Bbenefits?

CcostsPage2of92012-4-11http:

/profits14.?

Aexpensively?

Bconsistently?

Cperiodically?

Dcheaply15.?

Aconveniently?

Bbeneficially?

Cadvantageously?

Dfavorably16.?

Aonaccountof?

Bintermsof?

Cregardlessof?

Dinspiteof17.?

ALike?

BExcept?

CRegarding?

DWith18.?

Aapplication?

Bendurance?

Cexpectancy?

Dextension19.?

Aconcentration?

Bcontinuity?

Cconformity?

Dconductivity20.?

Adevelop?

Bdiffer?

Cdepart?

Dderive21.?

AinterchangeablyPage3of92012-4-11http:

/immediately?

Cintermittently?

DintensivelySectionReadingComprehensionPartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.Text1Inflationhasjustexploded.Therealproblemisthatwehaveanunderlyingrateofinflation-animpetusofwageschasingprices-ofmaybe9percentthatisheadingtowards10percent.Therealsohavebeentremendousshocksinenergy,foodandhousingprices,makingitworse.Bytheendoftheyear,wewillbeinasituationwhereyearin,yearout,wecanlookforwardtoatleast10percentinflation.Andthequestionwillbe:

Howmuchworsewilloil,foodandhousingpricesmakethat?

Thesituationhasdegeneratedtothepointthattheonlywaytoturnitaroundistothinkofsomeveryextremechangesinpolicy.Apolicyofgradualism,whereyouretalkingaboutamildrecessionandanother1to2millionpeopleunemployed,wontmakemuchdifference.Postponingactionjustmeansthatinflationpressesfurtherandisevenmoredifficulttodealwith.Youhavetostartwithrevenueandmonetaryrestraint.Alltheburdennowisonmonetarypolicy.Weshouldshifttoamuchmorerestrictiverevenuepolicyandaneasiermonetarypolicy.Tobesignificant,the1981budgetshouldbecutbyatleast20billiondollarsfrom616billionPresidentCarterproposed.Thatsamajorcutingovernmentprograms-andveryhardtodo.Itsimpossibleifyousavedefenseandalltheprogramsindexedforchangesinthecostofliving.Soitmeanscutsacrosstheboardineveryarea-includingtheindexedprograms,suchasSocialSecurityandfoodstamps.Stateandlocal-governmentrevenue-sharingprogramsareanothermajorcandidate.Youvealsogottoreopenthe1980budgetandcutthat.ThenIwouldfavorwageandpricecontrolstobreaktheimpetusofthewage-priceinteraction.Inordertogetquickresults,Idsetthestandardaround5or6percentforbothwagesandprices.Basically,youreaimingtocuttherateofinflationinhalfthefirstyear.Therewouldbenoexceptions,butyouwouldfocusonlargecorporationsandmajorlaborsettlements.Forthespecialsectorswherethebigshockshaveoccurred,controlswontwork.Instead,youneedadditionalpoliciesineachoneofthoseareas.Therearenocheaporeasysolutionstotheinflationproblem.Myansweristotakeallthethingsthateverybodywantstodo,andinsteadofchoosingamongthem,doallofthem.Wevegottothinkintermsofacomprehensiveprogram.22.Intheauthorsopinion,thehighinflationrateintheUSwasaccompaniedby?

Aenergycrises.?

Bmountingwages.?

Chousingshortage.?

Dshrinkingmarket.23.Theonlywaytoreversetheworseningsituationseemstobe?

Aapolicyofgradualism.?

Bsacrificeofpublicinterests.?

Cradicalchangesofpolicy.?

Dpostponingofdrasticactions.24.Wecanlearnfromthefourthparagraphthat?

Aasubstantialcutinannualrevenueiscalledfor.Page4of92012-4-11http:

/defenseandsocialwelfareprogramsshouldundergocuts.?

Cweshouldleaveintactprogramsforbetteringpeoplesliving.?

Dweshouldexerciselesscontrolovermonetarypolicy.25.Thephrasespecialsectors（line1,paragraph7）mostprobablyrefersto?

Aenergy,foodandhousing.?

Bindexedprograms.?

Csocialsecurityandfoodstamps.?

Dlargecorporationsandlaborsettlements.26.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

AThedefectofUSmonetarysystem.?

BThecausesofever-worseninginflationintheUS.?

CProspectsfortheUSeconomicsituation.?

DAcomprehensivesettlementofinflationintheUS.Text2ForcenturiesthemostvaluableofAfricanresourcesforEuropeansweretheslaves,butthesecouldbeobtainedatcoastalports,withoutanyneedforgoingdeepinland.SlaveryhadbeenanestablishedinstitutioninAfrica.Prisonersofwarhadbeenenslaved,aswerealsodebtorsandindividualsguiltyofseriouscrimes.Buttheseslavesusuallyweretreatedaspartofthefamily.Theyhadclearlydefinedrights,andtheirslavestatuswasnotnecessarilyinherited.ThereforeitiscommonlyarguedthatAfricastraditionalslaverywasmildcomparedtothetrans-AtlanticslavetradeorganizedbytheEuropeans.Thisargument,however,canbecarriedtoofar.Inthemostrecentstudyofthissubject,somescholarswarnedagainstthe.illusionthatcruelanddehumanizingenslavementwasamonopolyoftheWest.Slaveryinitsextremeforms,includingthetakingoflife,wascommontobothAfricaandtheWest.ThefactthatAfricanslaveryhaddifferentoriginsandconsequencesshouldnotleadustodenywhatitwas-theexploitationandcontrolofhumanbeings.NeithercanitbedeniedthatthewholesaleshipmentofAfricanstotheslaveplantationsoftheAmericaswasmadepossiblebytheparticipationofAfricanchiefswhoroundeduptheirfellowAfricansandsoldthemasahandsomeprofittoEuropeanshipcaptainswaitingalongthecoasts.Grantingallthis,thefactremainsthatthetrans-AtlanticslavetradeconductedbytheEuropeanswasentirelydifferentinquantityandqualityfromthetraditionaltypeofslaverythathadexistedwithinAfrica.FromthebeginningtheEuropeanvarietywasprimarilyaneconomicinstitutionratherthansocial,asithadbeeninAfrica.Westernslavetradersandslaveownerswereactedonbypurelyeconomicconsiderations,andwerequitereadytoworktheirslavestodeathifitwasmoreprofitabletodosothantotreatthemmoremercifully.ThisinhumanitywasreinforcedbyracismwhentheEuropeansbecameinvolvedintheAfricanslavetradeonalargescale.PerhapsasasubconsciousrationalizationtheygraduallycametolookdownonNegroesasinherentlyinferior,andthereforedestinedtoservetheirwhitemasters.RationalizationalsomayhavebeeninvolvedintheEuropeansuseofreligiontojustifythetrafficinhumanbeings.Itwasargued,forinstance,thatenslavementassuredtheconversionoftheAfricanevil-believingreligionstothetruefaithaswellastocivilization.27.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorarguesthat?

AtheEuropeanswereinnocentinthetradeofAfricanslaves.?

BslaveryinAfricaandintheWestwasthesameinnature.?

Ctheviewinthemostrecentstudiesofenslavementisbaseless.?

DslaveshadbeentreatedevenmorecruellyintheAfricantradition.28.WhichofthefollowingwastrueofthelocalAfricanslavery?

Page5of92012-4-11http:

/Slavesmighthavetheirownfamilies.?

BThesonofaslavemightnotbeaslave.?

CSlaverywasconfinedtothecoastalregions.?

DTherewasnokillinginAfricanslavery.29.ThesentenceThisargument.,canbecardedtoofarimpliesthat?

AAfricanstraditionalslaverywasinhumane.?

BtheslaveryinAfricawasconfinedtosomeregions.?

CsupportersofthisargumentknewlittleofAfrica.?

Dslaveshipmentwasnotsoseriousaswasimagined.30.Supportersoftherationalizationofslaverybelievethatthetrade?

Awasoutofgoodintentsfromthebeginning.?

Bhelpedthedevelopmentoflocalreligion.?

CwasahelpforcivilizingtheAfricans.?

DdrovetheevilsoutoftheAfricanreligions.31.Therelationbetweenthetwoparagraphsisthatinthe2ndparagraphtheauthor?

Achallengestheviewpointinthe1stparagraph.?

Bmodifieshisviewexpressedinthe1stparagraph.?

Cprovidesthereason