短文改错 第三讲 实战训练.docx
《短文改错 第三讲 实战训练.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《短文改错 第三讲 实战训练.docx(9页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
![短文改错 第三讲 实战训练.docx](https://file1.bingdoc.com/fileroot1/2023-6/26/20ffb14d-9aa6-4b56-ba0c-c72d103db47e/20ffb14d-9aa6-4b56-ba0c-c72d103db47e1.gif)
短文改错第三讲实战训练
短文改错----第三讲实战训练----
载自双博士网站
----第三讲实战训练----
热点试题
PASSAGE1
WhensomenineteenthcenturyNewYorkerssaid“Harlem”,
theymeantalmostallofManhattanaboveEighty-sixthStreet.
Towardtheendofthecentury,however,agroup
ofcitizensinupperManhattan-wantperhaps,toshapeacloser1._________
andmoreprecisesenseofcommunity—designatedasectionthat
theywishedtohaveknownasHarlem.Thechosenareawasthe
HarlemwhichBlacksweremovinginthefirstdecadesofthe2.________
newcenturyastheylefttheiroldsettlementsonthemiddleand
lowerblocksoftheWestSide.
AsthecommunitybecamepredominantlyBlack,thevery
word“Harlem”seemedtoloseitsoldmeaning.Attimeitwas3.________
easytoforgetthat“Harlem”wasoriginallytheDutchname
“Harlem”;thecommunityitdescribedhadbeenfoundedby4.________
peoplefromHolland;andthatformostofitsthreecenturies—it
wasfirstsettledinthesixteenhundreds—ithadbeenpreoccupied5.________
byWhiteNewYorkers.“Harlem”becamesynonymousto6.________
BlacklifeandBlackstyleinManhattan.Blackslivingthere
usedthewordasthoughtheyhadcoineditonthemselves—not7.________
onlytodesignatetheirareaofresidencebuttoexpresstheir
senseofthevariousqualitiesofitslifeandatmosphere.Asthe
yearspassed,“Harlem”assertedanevenlargermeaning.In8.________
thewordsofAdamClaytonPowell,Sr.,thepastorofthe
AbyssinianBaptistChurch,Harlem“becamethesymbolofliberty
andthePromisedLandtoNegroeseverywhere”.
By1919Harlem'spopulationhadgrownbyseveralthousand.
IthadreceiveditsshareofwartimemigrationfromtheSouth,
theCaribbean,andpartsofcolonialAfrica.Someofthe
newarrivalsmerelylivedforHarlem;itwasNewYorktheyhad9.________
cometo,lookingforjobsandforalltheotherlegendaryopportunities
oflifeinthecity.TootherswhomigratedtoHarlem,New
Yorkwasmerelythecityinwhichtheyfoundthemselves:
Harlemwasexactlywhattheywishedtobe.10.________
[注释]
1.want→wanting
该句的谓语动词在破折号之后,即“designate”,因此有必要将前一动词变成分词形式。
2.Harlem∧which→to
黑人们搬进了Harlem,因此这里Harlem是先行词,关系代词应当表示地点,即可以是where,也可以是“介词+which”的形式。
3.time→times
“atatime”是“一次”的意思,而“attimes”是“时而,偶尔”的意思。
4.Harlem;∧thecommunity→that
“forget”后面引导的是三个宾语从句,在这种情况下,“that”通常不能省略。
5.preoccupied→occupied
“bepreoccupiedwithsth.”指“忙于某事”。
“occupy”是“占领”之意。
6.to→with
“bysynonymouswith”是“与……等同”“与……意义相同”的意思,与synonymous搭配的是介词with。
7.on→/
“bythemselves”或“ontheirown”都表示“他们自己”的意思,“coin”是“创造”之意。
8.asserted→assumed“assert”是“肯定,断定”,“assume”指开始具有某种(品质或形象等),强调的是一个从无到有的发展过程。
9.for→in
由下文“itwasNewYorktheyhadcometo”可知这些人并非是为Harlem而活着,因为他们的目标是整个纽约城,他们只是居住在Harlem罢了。
10.what→where
本段中Harlem还是作为一个地区名存在,相关的思想意义并不多。
热点试题
PASSAGE2
ThewhiteHousebegantobebuiltin1792,butitwasnot
completeduntiltenyearslater.EveryAmericanpresidentlived
initexceptforGeorgeWashington,althoughhedidhavea1.________
majoritypartindesigningit.2.________
Thegovernmentheldacompetitiontochoosethebest
designforthepresident'shouse.Thewinnerwasayoungmanof3.________
SouthCarolina,JamesHoban.Hisdesignwasathree-level
houseofstone.AndPresidentWashingtonmadesomechanges
inthewinningdesign.Hemadethehouselongandwider,and4.________
changeditintoatwo-storiedhouseinsteadofthree.
Thesecondpresident,JohnAdams,wasfirsttoliveinthe5.________
WhiteHouse.Whenheandhiswifemovedontothenewhouse6.________
inNovember,1800,workwasstillgoingon,althoughthemain
liveareawascompleted.Thewholeworkdidnotfinishuntilthe7.________
administrationofthe3rdpresident,ThomasJefferson.
Twelveyearslater,theBritisharmyinvadedWashington
andburnedtheWhiteHouse.Thefirecompletelydestroyedthe
insideofthebuildingandexpertssaidtheWhiteHousewasso8.________
dangeroustolivein.Lateronworkersrebuilttheinsideofthe
WhiteHouse.Moreofficeswereadded,mostofwhichunderground.9.________
Noneofthework,however,changedtheappearingof10.________
thebuilding.Manypeopleaskedwhythepresident'shouseis
calledtheWhiteHouse.Historianssayithasbeensocalled
simplybecauseitwaspaintedwhite.
[注释]
1.for→/
在句子中说明前后两个相等成份的关系时用except,否则用exceptfor。
本句是说每位美国总统,除了乔治·华盛顿,都曾在白宫居住过,“EveryAmericanpresident”与“GeorgeWashington”为对等成分,故应去掉for。
2.majority→major
majority意为“大多数”、“半数以上”,一般后接复数名词,而major则为“主要的”。
本句意为“华盛顿在设计白宫中起了主要作用”,故应用major。
3.of→from
要表示一个人的家乡在哪里,介词应为from。
4.long→longer
本句意思是说华盛顿把白宫设计得比原来更长,更宽了一些。
与原来作比较,long当然应用比较级,而且and连接的两个形容词也应为对等成分,既然wider是比较级,long也应为比较级。
5.was∧first→the
the+序数词具有名词意味,在这里thefirst即表示thefirstpresident。
6.onto→into
“搬进新居”应为“movein”或“moveinto”,moveon意为“继续前进”,而“moveonto”则是不存在的。
7.live→living
live(a)意为“活着的”,而“living”则是“适于居住的”、“生活的”。
thelivingarea意为“适于居住的地区”。
8.so→too
原文说,战火把楼房的内部完全烧毁了,专家们说白宫太危险了,不能居住了,所以后来工人们才又重修白宫内部。
“太……太……”应为“too…too…”。
9.which∧underground→were或which→them
本句有两种改法,若想使这部分成为非限制性定语从句,则which引导一个句子,后面应加一个“were”;若想使这部分为独立成分,则改which为them。
10.appearing→appearance
原句意思是说,重建白宫的工作并未改变它的外貌。
appearing为appear(出现)的v.+ing形式,appearance意为“外观,外貌”。
热点试题
PASSAGE3
Therearegreatmanyreasonsforstudyingwhatphilosophers1.________
havesaidinthepast.Oneisthatwecannotseparatethe
historyofphilosophyfromwhichofscience.Philosophyis2.________
largediscussionaboutmattersonwhichfewpeoplearequite3.________
certain,andthosefewholdoppositeopinions.Asknowledge
increases,philosophybudsoffthesciences.
Foranexample,intheancientworldandtheMiddleAges4.________
philosophersdiscussedmotion.AristotleandSt.Thomas
Aquinastaughtthatamovingbodywouldslowdownuntilaforce5.________
wereconstantlyappliedtoit.Theywerewrong.Itgoesonmoving
unlesssomethingslowsitdown.Buttheyhadgoodargumentson
theirside,andifwestudythese,andtheexperiments
whichprovedthemrightthiswillhelpustodistinguishtruth6.________
fromfalseinthescientificcontroversiesoftoday.7.________
Wealsoseehowdifferentphilosopherreflectsthesocial8.________
lifeofhisday.PlatoandAristotle,intheslave-owningsociety
ofancientGreece,thoughtman’shigheststatewascontemplation
ratherthanactivity.IntheMiddleAgesSt.Thomas
believedaregularfeudalsystemofnineranksofangels.Herbert9.________
Spencer,inthetimeoffreecompetitionbetweencapitalists,
foundthekeytoprogressasthesurvivalofthefittest.Thus10.________
Marxismisseentofitintoitsplaceasthephilosophyfor
theworkers,theonlyclasswithafuture.
[注释]
1.are∧great→a
agreatmany为固定搭配,修饰可数名词,意为“很多,大量”,后面的名词用复数形式。
2.which→that
that这里做代词,指代前文已经提到的“history”一词,而which可做疑问代词或定语从句的引导词,代这里不能用。
3.large→largely
largely这里是副词,意为“在很大程度上”,如果有人打算把large考虑成修饰discussion的形容词,那么,前边势必加冠词a或the,但没有largediscussion的说法,所以这里只能把large改换成副词.
4.an→/
forexample是固定搭配,意为“例如”,中间不加不定冠词an。
5.until→unless
until常和not连用,形成not…until句式,所以not是检验until是否用对的一个标志。
这句在说:
“亚里士多德和圣托马斯·阿奎那都认为一个运动的物体除非给它不停地使力,否则它就会停下来”。
unless这里是“除非”的意思。
6.right→wrong
这句话说“但是他们那一方面有很好的论证。
如果我们研究这些论述和证明这些说法是错误的那些实验,那么我们就会辨清今日科学纠纷的真与假”。
根据上下文判断,这里应是wrong。
7.false→falsehood
这里需要一个名词,因此把false改为falsehood。
8.different→every
这句谓语动词和主语均为第三人称单数,而用different修饰的名词一般用复数形式,因此需要改变different。
再看下文,列举了诸位哲学家,因此可把different改为every,既不妨碍句子意思,又符合语法规则。
9.believed∧a→in
believein意为“相信”,后常接名词,而believe则为“相信或认为”,后常接从句,因此加上一个介词in。
10.as→in
此句意为“斯宾塞在资本主义自由竞争时期,发现进步的关键在于适者生存”,此句的另一表达方式为“Spencer,inthetimeoffreecompetitionbetweencapitalists,foundthesurvivalofthefittestasthekeytoprogress.”而按现有语序,需把as改成in。
热点试题
PASSAGE4
AphroditelovedAdonismorethanshedidtoheaven,for1.________
Hewasabrisk,lovelyyounghunter.Sheabandonedherresidence
atOlympusandtooktothewoods,whereshedressed
herselfuplikeahuntressandkepttheyouthcompanionallday2.________
long.Withhimsherovedthroughbushygroundsandgrovesand
overhillsanddales,cheeringhoundsandpursuinggameofa
harmlesssort.Theyhadagreattimetogether.However,she
warnedhimmanytimestochasewildbeastslikelionsand3.________
wolves,buttheyoungmanjustlaughedattheidea.
Oneday,afterwarninghimthus,shelefttoOlympusin4.________
herchariot.QuitebychanceAdonis'houndsfoundaboar,that5.________
rousedAdonistoenthusiasm.Hehitthebeastwithadart,and6.________
theboar,turningonhim,burieditswhitetuskdeepintohis
tendersideandtrampledhimtodeath.
WhenAphroditecamebacktofindherlovercoldindeath,
sheburstintoapassionoftears.Unabletowresthimbackfrom
thelowworld,shesprinklednectaronAdonis'bloodand7.________
turneditintoanemone,adelicatepurpleflower.
Aphroditewas,therefore,stillinconsolable.Ingriefand8.________
despairsheflewtoZeusandimploredhimtorestoreAdonisto
her.ThoughshehadZeus'sympathy,Hadeswasbynomeans
preparedtocomplywithherrequest.Afterthemuchdisputea9.________
compromisewasworkedoutunderwhichAdoniswastospend
halftheyearabovegroundwithAphrodite,buttherestsix10.________
monthsintheElysianFields.Therefore,inspringtimeAdonis
camebacktothelovingembraceofAphrodite,butwhenwinter
camehehadtoreturnmostreluctantlytoHades.
[注释]
1.to→/
did这里代表前文提到的动词loved,是及物动词,不用介词就可直接加宾语。
2.companion→company
keepsb.company是固定搭配,意为“与某人做伴”,companion与company是同义词,都是“伴侣”之意,但companion是可数名词,而company则不可数。
3.times∧to→not
warnsb.nottodosth.是固定搭配,意为“警告某人不要做某事”。
很多有“警告某人做某事”的说法,况且这里根据上下文知