英语国家社会与文化基础学习下册课后作业资料期末备考深刻复习.docx

英语国家社会与文化基础学习下册课后作业资料期末备考深刻复习.docx

《英语国家社会与文化基础学习下册课后作业资料期末备考深刻复习.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语国家社会与文化基础学习下册课后作业资料期末备考深刻复习.docx（11页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

英语国家社会与文化基础学习下册课后作业资料期末备考深刻复习

U3AmericanBeginnings

Ⅰ

1.Thequestion“WhatisanAmerican?

”wasfirstaskedbyJ.HectorST.JohndeCrevecoeur.（T）

2.ChristopherColumbusdiscoveredAmericain1492.（T）

7.Bytheearly1760s,the13EnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericawerereadytoseparatethemselvesfromEurope.（T）

8.GeorgeWashington,BenjaminFranklin,andAbrahamLincolnwereregardedasthefoundingfathersoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.（F）

Ⅱ

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementswascorrectaroundthetimeoftheAmericanRevolution?

（A.TheAmericanhadthemixedbloodofEuropeansortheirdescendants.）

3.ThefollowingwerethemainReformationleadersexcept.（B.MartinLutherKing.）

7.ThefollowingwerethefoundingfathersoftheAmericanRepublicexcept.（C.WilliamPenn.）

10.”Notaxationwithoutrepresentation”wastherallyingcryof.（D.thepeopleofthe13coloniesontheeveoftheAmericanRevolution.）

Ⅲ

1.In1782,theFrenchmanwhosettledinPennsylvaniafirstaskedthequestion“whatisanAmerican”inhisbook（lettersfromAnAmericanFarmer）

2.TheNewWorldofAmericawaspeopledasaresultoftwolong-continuingimmigrationmovements,thefirstonefrom（Asia）andthesecondfrom（Europe）and（Africa）.

3.AmericanIndianshaddevelopedthreebrilliantcivilizationsbeforetheEuropeansarriver.Thesethreecivilizationswere（TheAztecs）,（theIncas）and（theMayas）.

4.ColumbusdiscoveredtheNewWorldintheyearof（1492）.

5.TheEnglishkingclaimedtheterritoryofNorthAmericabasedonthevoyageof（JohnCabot）

Ⅳ

3.TheDeclarationofIndependence.

TheDeclarationofIndependencewasmainlydraftedbyThomasJeffersonandadoptedbytheCongressonJuly4,1776,Whenthepeopleof13EnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericawerefightingfortheirfreedomandindependencefromtheBritishcolonialrule.Thedocumentdeclaredthatallmenwereequalandthattheywereentitledtohavesomeunalienablerightssuchaslife,libertyandthepursuitofhappiness.Italsoexplainedthephilosophyofgovernment:

thepowersofgovernmentscamefromtheconsentofthegovernedofpoliticsandtheguidingprinciplesoftheAmericanRevolutionmainlycamefromJohnLocke.

U4ThePoliticalSystemintheUnitedStates

Ⅰ

1.WhentheWarofIndependencewasover,theUnitedStateswasoneunifiednationasitistoday.（F）

3.TheUSConstitutionsetupafederalsystemwithastrongcentralgovernment.（T）

4.ThemaindutyoftheCongressidtomakelaws,includingthosewhichlevytaxesthatpayfortheworkofthefederalgovernment.（T）

6.Thepresidenthastheauthoritytoappointfederaljudges,andallsuchcourtappointmentsaresubjecttoconfirmationbytheHouseofRepresentatives.（F）

7.The10veryshortparagraphswhichguaranteefreedomandindividualrightsandforbidinterferencewithlivesofindividualsbythegovernmentarecalledtheBillofRights.（T）

9.Today,theUnitedStateshastwomajorpoliticalparties.OneistheDemocraticParty,formedbefore1800.TheotheristheRepublicanParty,formedinthe1850s,bypeopleinthestatesoftheNorthandWest.（T）

Ⅱ

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsNOTcorrect?

WhentheConstitutionwaswritten,（A.therewasaBillofRightsintheConstitution.）

5.Whichofthefollowingistheonlybranchthatcanmakefederallaws,andlevyfederaltaxes?

（B.Thelegislative.）

6.WhichofthefollowingisNOTapowerofthepresident?

（C.Thepresidentcanmakelaws.）

7.TheBillofRightsconsistsof（C.10amendmentsaddedtotheConstitutionin1791）

8.WhichofthefollowingisNOTguaranteedintheBillofRights?

（B.Thefreedomofsearchingaperson’shomebypolice.）

Ⅲ

4.TheConstitutionsetupafederalsystemwith（astrongcentralgovernment.）

5.Afederalsystemisoneinwhichpowerissharedbetween（acentralauthority）and（itsconstituentparts）withsomerightsreservedtoeach.

6.TheUSfederalgovernmentconsistsofthefollowingthreebranches:

theexecutive,（thelegislative）and（thejudicial）.

7.TheCongressiddividedinto（theHouseofRepresentatives）with435memberswhoservetwo-yearterms,and（theSenate）with100lawmakerswhoservesix-yearterms.

8.GroupswhotrytopersuadeCongressmentovotefororagainstabillareknownas（lobbies）.

9.TheSupremeCourtiscomposedof

（1）chiefjusticeand（8）associatejustices.

10.TheSupremeCourthasthefunctionofdeterminingwhetherCongressionallegislativeorexecutiveactionviolatestheConstitution.Thispoweriscalled（judicialreview）.

12.Thetwomajorpoliticalpartiesare（theDemocraticparty）,whichisthoughttobemoreliberal,and（theRepublicanparty）,whichisbelievedtobemoreconservative.

Ⅳ

2.Afederalsystem

Afederalsystemisoneinwhichpowerissharedbetweenacentralauthorityanditsconstituentparts,withsomerightsreservedtoeach.

3.ThemakingoftheUSConstitution

TheArticlesofConfederationfailed.TheCongressdecidedtoholdaconstitutionalconventiontorevisetheArticlesofConfederation.Thedelegatesfrom12states（RhodeIslandrefusedtoparticipate）gatheredinPhiladelphiain1787andendedupinwritinganewconstitutionandsetafederalsystemwithastrongcentralgovernment.TheConstitutionprovidedthatanelectionofthepresidentwouldbecalled,federallawswouldbemadeonlybyaCongressmadeupoftheHouseofRepresentativesandtheSenateandaSupremeCourtwouldbesetup.ThisnewConstitutionwasfinallyapprovedbythemajorityofthecitizensinover9ofthe13statesandwasofficiallyputintoeffectin1787.

5.TheBillofRights

TheBillofRightsconsistsofthefirst10amendmentswhichwereaddedtothe

Constitutionin1791.TheBillofRightswaspassedtoguaranteefreedomandindividualrightssuchasfreedomofspeech,therighttoassembleinpublicplaces,therighttoownweaponsandsoon.

U5AmericanEconomy

Ⅰ

2.ThefirstfactoryintheUnitedStateswasacottontextilemill.（T）

5.ManypeoplebelievethattheeconomicfreedomofcapitalismiscrucialtoAmerica’seconomicsuccess.（T）

6.Whenpeoplebuystocks,thebecomepartownerofthecompany.（T）

8.OnereasonforAmerica’saffluenceisthatalotofpeoplehaveinheritedwealthfromtheirparents.（F）

9.StrongdomesticdemandisonefactorcontributingtoAmerica’saffluence.（T）

Ⅱ

1.ThefirstfactoryintheUnitedStateswasacottontextilemillinPawtucket,inthestateof（B.RhodeIsland）

2.The“Americansystem”ofmassproductionwasfirstusedin（C.firearmsindustry）

3.TheUnitedStateshadthefirststandardpapercurrencyin（C.1863）

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredaspartoftheserviceindustry?

（D.Steelmaking）

6.TheUnitedStateswasrated（C.fourth）intheworldintermsoflandareaandthesizeofpopulation.

Ⅲ

2.Whenstartingabusinessorlaunchingnewventures,moneywasneeded.Thatmoneywasknownas（capital）.

3.Oneadvantageofcorporationoversoleproprietorshipandpartnershipisthatithas（limitedliability）,soinvestorsriskedonlytheamountoftheirinvestmentandnottheirentireassets.

4.Thebest-knownstockexchangeis（theNewYorkStockExchange）locatedin（theWallStreet）areaofNewYorkCity.

6.TheConstitutionofTheUnitedStatesbarsallkindsofinternal（tariffs）,somanufacturersdonothavetoworryabout（tariffbarriers）whenshippinggoodsfromonepartofthecountrytoanother.

Ⅳ

5.Serviceindustries

Serviceindustriesareindustriesthatsellaserviceratherthanmakeaproduct.Serviceindustriesrangefrombankingtotelecommunicationstotheprovisionofmealsinrestaurants.AsmoreandmorepeopleareemployedinserviceindustriesintheUS,itissometimessaidthattheUShasmovedintoa"post-industrialera”.

U8EducationintheUnitedStates

Ⅰ

3.Americanuniversitystudentshavealwayslikedtogetdegreesthatareaimedatpreparingthemspecificallyforcertainprofessions.（F）

4.Oneofthethingsthatdecideswhetheranapplicantcanbeacceptedbyacollegeishis/herscoresontheScholasticAptitudeTests.（T）

5.Accordingtotheauthor,largeruniversitiesarealwaysbetter,andmoredesirableuniversitiesarealwaysmoreexpensive.（F）

6.Ittakesatleastfoursyearstogetabachelor’sdegreefromaninstitutionofhigherlearningintheUS.（T）

7.SegregatingblacksintoseparateschoolswasunconstitutionalafterthedecisionoftheSupremeCourtin1954.（T）

Ⅱ

1.WhichofthefollowingsubjectsareNOTofferedtoelementaryschoolstudents?

（B.Politicsandbusinesseducation）

2.TheexpenditureinAmericanpublicschoolsisguidedordecidedby（D.boardsofeducation）

3.IntheUnitedStatesschoolsystems,whichofthefollowingdivisionsistrue?

（C.Elementaryschool,secondaryschool）

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinAmericanhighereducation?

（B.Researchinstitutions）

5.ThreeofthefollowingfactorshavecontributedtotheflourishingoflargeuniversitiesinAmerica,whichistheexception?

（C.largeuniversitiesofferscholarshipsallstudents）

7.Inordertogotouniversity,secondaryschoolstudentsmustmeetthefollowingrequirementsexceptthat（B.theypassthecollegeentranceexaminations）

8.Threeofthefollowinguniversitieshavelargeendowmentsfromwealthybenefactors.（B.theStateUniversityofNewYork）

9.Bothpublicandprivateuniversitiesdependonthefollowingsourcesofincomeexcept（A.investment）

10.Togetabachelor’sdegree,anundergraduatestudentisrequiredtodothefollowingexcept（C.takingcertainsubjectssuchashistory,languageandphilosophy）

Ⅲ

1.About90%ofAmericanstudentsgoto（public）schoolsand10%attend（private）schools.

3.ThefoalofeducationintheUnitedStatesistoachieveuniversal（litera