短文改错知识点总结.docx

短文改错知识点总结.docx

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短文改错知识点总结

短文改错知识点总结

短文改错测试点

一.语法

主要测试动词时态和语态，非谓语动词和短语动词；名词.代词的各种形式，形容词和副词以及比较等级的用法；连词.冠词.介词；主谓一致；简单句.并列句和复合句，以及倒装.省略句等。

二.是在行文逻辑方面，

主要考查人物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词，句子的并列.递进.转折.因果关系；时间的先后顺序等.

错误类型

1.冠词的多用、少用和误用

2.名词单复数的误用及近义词的混用

3.代词指代不一致的错误或代词使用不当

4.主谓不一致的错误

5.动词的时态和语态的误用

6.非谓语动词的误用

7.形容词和副词的混用及其比较等级的误用

8关联词和平行结构的误用

9.固定搭配，习惯用法与介词的误用

10.冗词的多用

设错方式

一、动词形

1.动词的时态和语态错误

2.主、谓不一致的错误

3.谓语与非谓语误用

4.非谓语动词的误用

动词置于句首

•首先看有没有并列连词and/or/otherwise,有就考虑是祈使句

•没有，就考虑非谓语动词

•再看有没有（,），有就考虑分词作状语，没有就考虑动名词/不定式作主语

例Reviewwhathappenedinthepasthelpsmesucceedinthefuture.

Reviewing

常接不定式的形容词

•begladtodo

•beeagertodo

•beanxiousto

•bereadytodo

及物动词后有by，in，with，to

•先辨是谓语还是非谓语，考虑被动语态和过去分词

•belocated/situatedin位于

•beabsorbedin被…吸引/专心于

•beinvolvedin参与/牵涉到/专心于

•belostin沉迷于

•bemixedwith与…混合

•becoveredwith为…覆盖

•belinedwith排列

•besurroundedwith环绕

•befacedwith面临

•becombinedwith联合

•beconnectedwith联系

•becomparedto/with与…相比

•beaddictedto沉迷于

•berelatedto与…有关系

无被动语态的动词

•不及物动词没被动语态，不接宾语，非谓语动词常用ing

•happen/takeplace/occur

•lie/exist

•datefrom/backto

•belongto

•consistof

•die

•sound/look/feel/taste/smell

练习

^

1.ImovedbytheirencouragingwordsandIstudiedevenharder.

was

2.Facingwithmanyproblems,thenewgovernmentishavingahardtime.

Facted

3.Buryinhiswork,Tomdidn’tnoticemeentertheroom.

Buried

4.Locatinginabeautifulandquietneighborhood,ourlargefully-equipped

Located

apartmentmeetsalltheirneeds.

5.Weweredrivinginthecountrywhenthecarstopworking.

stopped

6.Mary,aswellashersistersstudyChineseinChina.

studies

7.IsawtheboysplayedgamesonthebankofthelakewhenIpassed.

playing

8.Iparticularlyenjoyeddrivingthroughthecountrysidewithyouandsawthe

seeing

changingcolorsoftheleavesonthetrees.

^

9.Whyyouthinksomanypeoplestillsufferfrompovertynow?

do

主谓一致

•动名词/不定式/主语从句作主语

•many/manya

•Thenumberof与Anumberof

•some/therest/分数/百分数+n

•notonly…butalso/either…or/neither…nor

只能使用过去时的时间状语

•lastweek/year/night

•justnow

•theotherday

•inthepast

•yesterday

例LastSaturday,ourschoolhadorganizedalloftheSeniorIstudentstovisitthechildrenatalocalorphanage

二、名词数

•可数与不可数、单复数错用

•名词的格的误用

•前后修饰语的误用

•名词前冠词的误用

不可数名词前的修饰语

•只能接不可数：

little,much,agreatdealof,agreat/largeamountof

•接可数与不可数：

some,any,alotof/lotsof

•apieceof

必须接复数的修饰语

•many

•few

•alarge/greatnumberof

•large/greatnumbersof

•these

•those

•several

例Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonableprices,andweenjoyedseverallocaldish.

dishes

•

•advice忠告

•information信息

•news消息

•knowledge知识

•work工作

•homework家庭作业

•progress进步

baggage/luggage行李

•damage损害

•furniture家具

•equipment设备

•weather天气

•money金钱

•change零钱

•experience经验

•

•juice饮料

•cloth布

•clothing衣服

•paper纸

•sand沙

•wood木头

•courage勇气

•rubbish垃圾

food食物

•bread面包

•beer啤酒

•wine葡萄酒

•coffee咖啡

•tea茶

•milk牛奶

•water水

•dodamage/harm/goodto

•get/beclosetonature

•protecttheenvironment

•sendsthintospace

•theuniverse

•makeprogress

of+抽象名词

•importance

•significance

•value

•help

•use

•interest

•have/find/feelinterestin

•withpleasure/joy/delight

•beintrouble/difficulty

•beindanger

•withdifficulty

•insurprise/anger

•takepridein

例Apartfromtheconvenientpublictransportation,ourowncarcanalsotakethemtosomenearbyplacesofinterests.

interest

抽象名词具体化

•danger（危险）→adanger（一件危险的事或一个危险的人）

•experience经验→anexperience一次经历

•failure失败→afailure一位失败者，一件失败的事

•success成功→asuccess一位成功者，一件成功的事

•knowledge知识→agoodknowledge对……精通/熟知

•surprise惊奇→asurprise一件令人吃惊的事

•pleasure快乐→apleasure一件愉快的事

例Hewasacompletefailureasateacher,buthehasmadegreatsuccessofhisbusiness.

必须用复数

•makefriends/enemieswith

•oneofmyfriends

•inpublicplaces

必须用单数

•haveagoodcommand/knowledgeof

特殊名词的修饰语

•price/cost

•sth

•population

•number

•high/low

•cheap/expensive

•large/small

•（many错）

不带冠词的名词

•gotoschool

•atschool

•gotochurch

•atchurch

•sendsbtohospital

•inhospital

•throw/putsbinprison

•inprison

•workinaschool/ahospital/aprison

•gototheschool/thehospitaltoseesb

•havelunch/breakfast/supper

•have/find/feelinterestin

•toone’ssurprise/joy/delight

a&an

•anhour

•anhonestman

•auniversitystudent

•aone-year-oldboy

•ausefulbook

练习

1.WecanfindalotofinformationsontheInternet.

information

2.Differentpeoplespeakdifferentlanguage.

languages

3.Themanisafriendofmyfather.

father’s

4.Iwon’ttakethisjacket,foritspriceisveryexpensive.

high

5.WhenachildisfiveinEnglandorWales,hisparentsmustsendhimtotheschool.

6.Afterahourorsowebegantofeelveryfrightened.

an

7.AnAmericanandaFrenchmandecidedtocrosstheseabetweenFranceandEnglandintheballoonin1784.

a

^

8.IgainedsomuchconfidencethatIwentbacktoschoolasnewperson.

a

^

9.Withcomingofspring,grassandtreesturngreen.

the

三、形容词和副词

看修饰语

•形容词和副词的误用

•原级，比较级和最高级的误用。

•形容词（作定语）修饰名词

•系动词+形容词（作表语）

•副词（作状语）修饰形容词/副词

•副词（作状语）修饰动词

•副词（作状语）修饰整个句子

半系动词

•状态保持：

keep,remain,stay,lie,stand

•结果是，证明是：

prove,turnout

•感官系动词：

feel,smell,sound,taste,look

•似乎好像：

seem,appear

•状态变化：

become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.

练习

1.I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.

wonderful

2.Heknowsmesogoodthathecanrecognizemyfootsteps.

well

3.Thisriverisn’taslongerasthatone.

long

常见评注状语

•fortunately幸运的是

•unfortunately不幸的是

•luckily幸运的是

•unluckily不幸的是

•generally/honestly/franklyspeaking一般/老实/坦率地说

•more/mostimportantly更/最重要的是

•worsestill/what’sworse更糟糕的是

•词性错误：

评注状语该用副词,错点用形容词；

•意义错误：

评注状语表达了对自己要说的话的态度，错点用与后文意义不一致的副词

练习

1.Fortunate，therearetoomanypeopleinmyfamily.

Unfortunately

2.Luckenough,Ihavecaringteachersandfriendlyclassmates.

Luckily

3.Butmostimportant,publicawarenessofsharingandcaringistobefurther

importantly

Promoted.

adj.&adv.

adv.

deep

deeply

wide

widely

high

highly

具体的可以测量的

抽象的不可测量的

adj.&adv

1.wide/widely

•thewideuseofcomputers（adj.）

•bewidelyused/accepted

•openyoureyes/mouth/thedoorwide

2.high/highly

•singhighpraisefor（adj.）

•fly/jump/climbhigh

•singhighandclearly

•speak/thinkhighlyof

•praisesbhighly

•highlydeveloped/successful

3.deep/deeply

•takeadeepbreath（adj.）

•breathedeeply

•leave/make/createadeepimpressionon（adj.）

•bedeeplyimpressed

•studysthdeeply

•learndeepintothenight

•divedeepintothewater.

比较级常错点

•要避免比较级重复使用。

•要避免比较级与同级比较混用。

•要注意比较级表示最高级中表述的准确。

•要注意比较的对象要一致。

练习

1.Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.

^

2.ChinaislargerthananycountryinAsia.

other

3.Mary’sspokenChineseisbetterthanhersister．

sister’s

4.Asaresult,wedon’twriteasbetteraswedidinthepast.

well

5.TomisthemostdiligentstudentIhavenevermet.

ever

6.IhaveevermetamorediligentstudentthanTom.

never

四、代词

•人称代指代要清楚，主格、宾格、名词和形容词性物主代,反身代词。

•不定代词的误用及混用．

反身代词：

放在动词介词之后，作宾语，表示动作作用于主语本身

myself

himself

herself

yourself

ourselves

themselves

yourselves

例1.Onlyafewstudentssolvetheirproblemsallbythem.

themselves

2.Ijustsmiledtomeandthought,“WhatcanIdo?

”

myself

人称代词：

主格：

作主语

宾格：

作宾语，放在动词介词之后

主格

I

we

he

she

they

you

宾格

me

us

his

her

them

you

物主称代词：

形容词性：

作定语，放在名词前

名词：

作主宾表，相当于形容词性加一个名词

形容词性

my

our

your

名词性

mine

ours

yours

形容词性

his

her

their

名词性

his

hers

theirs

练习

1.Therearetreesonallsidesoftheroad.

both

^

2.Ithinkimportanttolearnthecomputerwell.

it

3.Finally,thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.

their

4.Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.

we

it

•一考it的补全，二考it所代替的成分

•find/consider/feel/think/makeit补语+todo/从句

•love/like/hate/appreciateitwhen/if

•Itis+adj/ntodo/doing

^

1.IwouldgreatlyappreciateifIcouldhavethechancetohostthemandmake

it

friendswiththem.

^

2.What’smore,itisourdutyprotectourenvironment.

to

^

3.ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendofmewhois

Amine

goingtoChengdu.

五、介词

•主要考查介词短语和习惯用法的搭配。

•介词后面接名词、代词宾格、动名词

•不能接that从句和不定式，但可接特殊疑问词引导的从句和不定式

介词别忘记

•consistof

•waitforsb

•askforsth

•lie/existin

•datefrom

•datebackto

•have/find/feelinterestin

•beinterestedin

•haveaneffect/influenceon

•haveanattitudeto/towards

•payattentionto

•payavisitto

•focus/concentrate/centeron

•dodamage/harm/goodto

类似短语、不同介词

•inthemorning/evening/afternoon

•atnight

•onarainy/coldmorning/night

•beproudof

不用介词

•everyday/morning/weekend

•nextmorning/Friday

•lastweek/month/year

1.前不能加介词，后不能加when

•Each/Everytime从句每次

•Thenext/Thelasttime从句上次/下次

•Themoment/Theminute/Thesecond/Theinstant从句一…就

•Thefirsttime从句第一次

2.及物动词直接接宾语，但受汉语影响，容易错误的加一个介词，这是介词常见的设错方式

•entersp=getintosp

•reachsp=arriveat/insp=gettosp

•lacksth.（vt.）

3.用作名词时可以与of连用，譬如Dueto/Becauseof（a）lackofmoney,hisparentscan’tsendhimtoschool.=Becausehisfamilylacksmoney,hisparentscan’tsendhimtoschool.

练习

1.Isawhimenterintotheclassroom.

2.Ontheotherhand,somefoodproducerslackofsocialconscience.

^

3.Thebuswillwaitusatthegateoftheschool.

for

4.I’mLihua,aChinesestudenttakesummercoursesinyouruniversity.I’m

taki