高考英语一模试题分类汇编阅读理解综合附详细答案.docx
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高考英语一模试题分类汇编阅读理解综合附详细答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Mostadultsfindithardtorecalleventsfromtheirfirstfewyearsoflifeandnowscientistshavefoundexactlywhenthesechildhoodmemoriesfade（消失）.
Anewstudyhasfoundthatmostthree-year-oldscanrecallalotofwhathappenedtothemoverayearearlier,andthesememoriespersistwhiletheyarefiveandsix,butbythetimetheyareoverseven,thesememoriesdecline（衰退）rapidly.
Mostchildrenbytheageofeightorninecanonlyrecall35%oftheirexperiencesfromundertheageofthree,accordingtothenewfindings.
Thescientistsbehindtheresearchsaythisisbecauseataroundthisagethewayweformmemoriesbeginstochange.Theysaythatbeforetheageofsevenchildrendonothaveasenseoftimeandplaceintheirmemories.Inolderchildren,however,theearlyeventstheycanrecalltendtobemoreadult-likeinthewaytheyareformed.Childrenalsohaveafarfasterrateofforgettingthanadults.Thefindingsalsohelptoexplainwhychildrencanoftenhaveclearmemoriesofeventsbutthenforgetthemjustacoupleofyearslater.
Theyoungstersfirstvisitedthelaboratoryattheageofthreeanddiscussedsixuniqueeventsfromtheirpast,suchasfamilyoutings,tripstothezoo,andthefirstdayofschool.Thechildrenthenreturnedforasecondsessionbetweentheagesoffiveandninetodiscussthesameevents.Theresearchersfoundthatbetweentheagesoffiveandseven,theamountofmemoriesthechildrencouldrecallremainedbetween63-72percent.However,theamountofinformationeight-tonine-year-oldchildrencouldrecalldroppedto35and36percent.
（1）Whatdoesthenewstudytellus?
A.Childhoodmemoriesdeclinewithyears.
B.Three-year-oldkidsarethecleverest.
C.Childhoodmemoriescanfadeeasily.
D.Someadultscannotrecallpastevents.
（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"persist"inParagraph2mean?
A.Change.
B.Remain.
C.Appear.
D.Return.
（3）WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph4?
A.Adultscannothaveclearmemoriesofpastevents.
B.Childrencanthinklikeadultswhentheygetolder.
C.Childrenunder7yearsoldhavedifferentwaysofformingmemories.
D.Childrenoftenforgetthingsbecausetheyhavenoideaoftimeorplace.
（4）Inthesecondsession,nine-year-oldchildren_________.
A.refusedtodiscussthesameevents
B.rememberedalltheirfamilyoutings
C.couldrecall72percentoftheirpastevents
D.onlyrememberedasmallpartoftheirpastevents
【答案】
（1）A
（2）B
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了记忆消失的一些知识。
大多数三岁的孩子都能回忆起一年前发生在他们身上的许多事情，这些记忆在五岁和六岁时依然存在，但到七岁以上时，这些记忆会迅速衰退。
在七岁之前，孩子们在记忆中没有时间感和位置感。
在5到7岁之间，孩子们能回忆起的记忆量保持在63%到72%之间。
然而，8至9岁儿童能够回忆起的信息量下降到35%和36%。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据第二段“Anewstudyhasfoundthatmostthree-year-oldscanrecallalotofwhathappenedtothemoverayearearlier,andthesememoriespersistwhiletheyarefiveandsix,butbythetimetheyareoverseven,thesememoriesdecline（衰退）rapidly.”一项新的研究发现，大多数三岁的孩子都能回忆起一年前发生在他们身上的许多事情，这些记忆在他们五岁和六岁时仍然存在，但当他们超过七岁时，这些记忆迅速衰退。
可知新研究告诉了我们童年时的记忆随年龄而衰退。
故选A。
（2）考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“butbythetimetheyareoverseven,thesememoriesdecline（衰退）rapidly.”到七岁以上时，这些记忆会迅速衰退，可知这些记忆在五岁和六岁时依然存在，故划线单词persist的意思是：
存在，保留。
故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Theysaythatbeforetheageofsevenchildrendonothaveasenseoftimeandplaceintheirmemories.”他们说在七岁之前，孩子们在记忆中没有时间感和位置感。
可知孩子们经常忘记事情，因为他们没有时间感位置感，故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“ However,theamountofinformationeight-tonine-year-oldchildrencouldrecalldroppedto35and36percent.”然而，8至9岁儿童能够回忆起的信息量下降到35%和36%。
可知在第二阶段，九岁的孩子只记得他们过去的一小部分事情。
故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
AfewyearsbackIworkedinauniversitybuildingthatalsohousedadepartmentfullofpsychologists,allofwhomseemedtoseeusasperfectguineapigs（豚鼠）fortheirlatesttheories.Ifaneagergraduatestudentshowedupinmyofficebearingdessertsandaskedmetopickone,I'dcastacarefulglanceandask"Why?
"beforegrabbingtheapplepie.
Sooneday,whensomeonefromthePsychologyDepartmentpostedinstructionsinthebathroompersuadingallofusto"Thinkaboutfivethingsforwhichyou'regratefuleverydayforaweek!
"myresponsewasfranklydoubtful.Ididthemath.Fivethingsadayforsevendaysisalotofbrainpowertoexpendwithoutsomuchasthepromiseofanapplepie.
IwanderedintotheofficeofHeidiZetzer,thedirectorofourschool'sPsychologicalServicesClinic."What'swiththegratitudething?
"Iasked.Youdon'taskanacademicquestion－evenasimpleoneunlessyou'repreparedforalonganswer.Heidicamealive,andIsatdown.That'swhenIfirstheardtheterm"positivepsychology".Thegratitudething,asIhadcalledit,wasbutonesmallandsimpleelementofthepractice."Kindofliketrainingthebraintofocusonjoy,"myfriendHeidiexplained."It'sonlyaweek,"sheurged."Tryit."Idid.Andguesswhat?
Itworked.
Everydayforaweek,IfoundfivedistinctthingsforwhichIwasthankful.Theyhadtobedifferenteveryday.Icouldn'tgetawaywithjustbeinggratefulformywonderfulhusband.ButIcould,suggestedCollieConoley,anotherpositivepsychologist,expressmygratitudeforspecificaspectsofacertainpersoneachday.He'sagreatcook.Healwaysputsourfamilyfirst.
Lifewillneverbeperfect.Istillseenewstoriesthatannoyme.Thetrafficinmycityismaddening.IwishIcouldspeedupmyrecovery.Butwithjustonesimpleexercise,I'mrediscoveringthepeaceofthatoldsaying:
acceptingthethingsIcan'tchange,workingwithoutcomplainttochangewhatIcan,andbeingwiseenoughtoknowthedifference.
Andallittookwasalittlegratitude.
（1）What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardthestudentwithdesserts?
A. Cautious.
B. Respectful.
C. Indifferent.
D. Supportive.
（2）Whywastheauthordoubtfulabouttheinstructions?
A. Becauseshethoughtitwasn'tworththeeffort.
B. Becauseshedidn'tlikeexpressingthanksoften.
C. Becausesheneededtoaskherfriendtodoitfirst.
D. Becauseshecoulddofivethingseverydayeasily.
（3）WhatdoesCollieConoleysuggesttheauthorshoulddo?
A. Begratefultoherwonderfulhusband.
B. Bethankfulforthingsbutnotpeople.
C. Beagreatcookandputherfamilyfirst.
D. Bespecificaboutwhatshe'sthankfulfor.
（4）What'sthebesttitleforthetext?
A. Don'tBeBotheredbySmallThings
B. WeCanChangeEverythingIfWeWant
C. PracticingGratitudeChangedMyLife
D. BeingGratefultoOneGoodPerson
【答案】
（1）A
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，在一个星期的时间里，作者坚持每天都能发现五件她特别感激的事情，而且每天都有所不同。
生活永远不会完美。
但通过这么一个简单的练习，作者重新发现了那句老话的平和：
接受我不能改变的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并且足够明智地知道两者的区别。
这只需要一点感激之情。
（1）考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Ifaneagergraduatestudentshowedupinmyofficebearingdessertsandaskedmetopickone,I'dcastacarefulglanceandask‘Why?
’beforegrabbingtheapplepie.”如果一个心急的研究生拿着甜点出现在我的办公室，让我挑选一种，在抓苹果派之前，我会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?
”可知，作者在抓苹果派之前，会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?
”。
可知，作者对带甜点的学生持有谨慎的态度。
故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“myresponsewasfranklydoubtful.Ididthemath.Fivethingsadayforsevendaysisalotofbrainpowertoexpendwithoutsomuchasthepromiseofanapplepie.”我的反应坦率地说是怀疑的。
我算了算。
连续7天每天做5件事，甚至连吃苹果派的承诺都没有，那就太费脑力了。
可推知，作者认为对“连续7天每天做5件事”的要求充满怀疑，认为太费脑力、不值得去做。
故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“ButIcould,suggestedCollieConoley,anotherpositivepsychologist,expressmygratitudeforspecificaspectsofacertainpersoneachday.He'sagreatcook.Healwaysputsourfamilyfirst.”但是另一位积极心理学家柯利·康诺利建议道，我可以每天对一个人的某些方面表达我的感激之情。
他是个很棒的厨师。
他总是把我们的家庭放在第一位。
可知，柯利·康诺利建议作者每天对一个人的某些方面表达感激之情。
由此可知，柯利·康诺利建议作者具体说明她感激什么。
故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Butwithjustonesimpleexercise,I'mrediscoveringthepeaceofthatoldsaying:
acceptingthethingsIcan'tchange,workingwithoutcomplainttochangewhatIcan,andbeingwiseenoughtoknowthedifference.”但通过一个简单的练习，我重新发现了那句老话的平和：
接受我不能改变的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并且足够明智地知道两者的区别）可知，练习表达感激，改变了作者的观念和生活。
由此可知选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。
并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
Dearyoungpoets,TIMEForKidshasachallengeforyou:
WritearhymingpoemandenteritintheTFKPoetryContest.Itmustbeapoemthatdoesnotcopyanotherpoet'sworks.
Howtoenter:
Thiscontestwillbegin12pmonApril14,2019andwillend12pmonJune14,2019.Toenteronline,visitandfollowinstructionstosubmitthefollowing:
（a）anoriginalandpreviouslyunpublishedpoem;（b）theentrant'sfirstnameonlyande-mailaddress;（c）aparent'se-mailaddress.Limitoneentryperpersonore-mailaccount.
Judging:
AllentrieswillbejudgedbypoetKennNesbitt,basedonthefollowingcriteria:
creativityandoriginality（50%）,useoflanguageandrhyme（25%）andappropriatenesstocontesttheme（25%）.Winnerswillbenotifiedbye-mailduringthemonthofJulyandmustrespondwithinfivedays.
Eligibility（参赛资格）：
OpentolegalcitizensoftheUnitedStateswhoareprimaryschoolstudentsandare8to13yearsoldattimeofentry.
Prizes:
Ourjudgewillselectfoursemifinalists,fromwhomonegrand-prizewinnerandthreefinalistswillbechosen.Theonegrand-prizewinnerwillreceiveanonlineclassvisitfromKennNesbitt.AllthesemifinalistswillreceiveasignedcopyofBigfootIsMissing,whichisworthabout$275.Thesemifinalists'poemswillbepublishedat.
（1）HowlongwillthePoetryContestlast?
A. Onemonth.
B. Twomonths.
C. Threemonths.
D. Fourmonths.
（2）WhatdoesthePoetryContestvaluemost?
A.Whetherthepoemisnovel.
B.Whetherthepoemishumorous.
C.Whetherthepoemiswritteninrhy
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