本科毕业设计商务英语翻译中的英汉语差异.docx

本科毕业设计商务英语翻译中的英汉语差异.docx

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本科毕业设计商务英语翻译中的英汉语差异

论文编号：

华南师范大学增城学院

本科毕业论文（设计）

题目：

外贸英文翻译中的英汉语差异

姓名：

林佳俊

学号：

060124329

系别：

外语系

专业班级：

涉外翻译专业

指导教师：

翁涛

2010年4月15日

OnDifferencesofEnglishandChineseinBusinessEnglishTranslation

AThesisSubmitted

totheDepartmentofForeignLanguages

ZengchengCollegeofSouthChinaNormalUniversity

inPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirements

fortheDegreeofBachelorofArts

ByLinJiaJun

Tutor:

WengTao

April15,2010

TableofContents

Abstractiii

中文摘要iv

1.Introduction1

2.CausesofCulturalDifferences1

2.1Differencescausedbylivingenvironmentandsocialenvironment1

2.2Differencesofthereligiousbeliefs2

2.3Differencesincustoms2

2.3.1Yellow3

2.3.2Red3

2.3.3White3

2.4Differencesofidiomssources4

3.CulturalDifferencesofBusinessEnglishTranslation4

3.1CulturaldifferencesofunderstandingthingsofbusinessEnglish5

3.2CulturaldifferencesofcolorsofbusinessEnglish5

3.3CulturaldifferencesofnumberofbusinessEnglish6

3.4ReligiousandculturaldifferencesofbusinessEnglish6

4.EnlightenmentofCulturalDifferencesinBusinessEnglish7

4.1Donotblindlycorrespond7

4.2Toavoidthenegativeassociations7

4.3Toregulatethetranslation8

5.TranslationMethods8

5.1Transliteration8

5.2Literaltranslation8

5.3Literaltranslation（transliteration）filling8

5.4Literaltranslation（transliteration）plusparaphrase9

6.Conclusion9

Bibliography10

Acknowledgements11

Abstract

ThestudiesondifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesehavebeenusedinmanyfieldsofforeignlanguageteaching.IntheEnglishtranslationofbusinessEnglish,thedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesestudieshaveproducedpositiveresults.IntheprocessoflearningEnglish,learningtoknowtheknowledgebackgroundandculturalcharacteristicsofEnglishspeakingcountrieswillhelpusunderstandtheconnotationofthelanguageandhelptoavoidthemisunderstandingsduetotheculturalconflicts.ThispaperdiscussesthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineseofthebusinessEnglishtranslation.ThedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineselanguagesinbusinessEnglishreflecttheanalysisofthedifferencesbetweenEasternandWesterncultures.

Keywords:

differences;businessEnglishtranslation;EasternandWesterncultures

中文摘要

英汉语差异的研究已被应用于外语教学的许多领域。

在外贸英语翻译中，英汉语差异产生了积极的研究效果。

在英语语言的学习中，了解英语国家的知识背景和文化特征有助于对语言内涵的了解，有助于避免因文化冲突造成的误解。

本文探讨了外贸英语翻译中英汉语之间的差异，对英汉两种语言在外贸英语上的不同体现，分析了中西文化的差异。

关键词：

差异；外贸英语；中西文化

1.Introduction

EnglishandChineselanguagethemselvesaretwodifferentcultures,andthelanguageitself,whichexpressionsaredifferent.Chinesefontisjustliketheyshould,wellformed,containingextensiveandprofoundcultureofChina.Englishwordsaresimpleandelegant,justlikewater,whichreflectstheromanticuninhibitedEuropeanandAmericancustoms;anditisnoteasytosumuptheirdifferenceswithjustafewwords,sothisthesisistobrieflyanalyzethetwolanguagesinsomeofthecurrentsituationintheculturalexchangeanditsinduction.

Intoday'ssociety,withexchangesandcooperationsofinternationaltradeisgraduallydeveloping,businessEnglishtranslationhasbeenbecomingtheethnicandnationalstage,thatisthecornerstoneofdifferentculturalcooperation,whichisacatalystthatplaysapivotalroleinpromotingeconomicdevelopmentineconomicglobalizationprocess.

AstheChina'seconomicdevelopmentandrisinginternationalstatus,aswellasthegrowingnumberofinternationalexchanges,moreandmoreforeigncountriescomingtoChina,andthusbringingsomecultureshockdifferentfromtheChineselanguage.Thiscontinuouslystrengtheninternationalexchanges.English,asthemostextensivecommunicationtool,itsimportanceisincreasinglyhighlight.However,sometimes,intheEnglishexchanges,becausethetwolanguages-ChineseandEnglish-theimplicationofculturaldifferencesintheinformationandexchange,thetwosideswillunintentionallycreatemisunderstandings,leadingtotheexchangeofnon-smooth,evenfailure.EugeneNidapointedouttothisthat"familiarwiththetwokindsofcultures,whichisevenmoreimportantthanmasteringbothlanguages,becausewordsonlymakesenseinitsroleintheculturalcontext."（谢天振，2008:

157）TherearemanyfactorscausedbytheexpressionofculturaldifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinese,sumupthemainpointsasfollows:

thelivingenvironmentandsocialenvironment,religiousbeliefs,customs,idiomssources.

2.CausesofCulturalDifferences

2.1Differencescausedbylivingenvironmentandsocialenvironment

Peoplehavelongbeencuriousaboutlivingthings—howmanydifferentspeciesthereare,whattheyarelike,wheretheylive,howtheyrelatetoeachother,andhowtheybehave.Scientistsseektoanswerthesequestionsandmanymoreabouttheorganismsthatinhabittheearth.Inparticular,theytrytodeveloptheconcepts,principles,andtheoriesthatenablepeopletounderstandthelivingenvironmentbetter.（R.James.1991）

Aperson'ssocialenvironmentincludestheirlivingandworkingconditions,incomelevel,educationalbackgroundandthecommunitiestheyarepartof.Allthesehaveapowerfuleffectonhealth.ThebigdifferencesinsocialenvironmentswithinEuropecontributetowidedisparitiesinhealth.Therearebiggapsinlifeexpectancyanddiseaseratesbetweenrichandpoor,thewellandthepoorlyeducatedandmanualworkersandprofessionals.

chinahasalwaysbeenanagriculturalcountry,thedevelopmentofagricultureisthebasicguaranteeofnationaldevelopment,whiletheagriculturalresourcesandagriculturalproductionreliesonland,Therefore,intraditionalChineseculture,thelandisthemostvaluableproperty,andthusconstitutesafeelingofcuntucunjin（寸土寸金）.Meanwhile，Chinaisabigcountry,theproblemoffoodiswhattheChinesepeoplehavelongbeenmostconcernedabout.Andthus,accordingtoChinesetradition,thefirstsentencetomeetistobe:

Haveyouhadit?

ButBritishisanisland,coastalsetbacks,widearea,sothewateristhemostinexpensivefortheBritish.Thus,whentheBritishexpressofspendingmoneywithoutthinking,theywillsayspendmoneylikewater.meanwhile,Britishisbetweennorthlatitude50degreesand60degrees,whichgeographydictatesthatitschangeableweathercharacteristics,theBritishalwayssays"Othercountrieshaveaclimate;inEnglandwehaveweather",showingnocountrylikeBritishintheworldhassuchunpredictableweather.Therefore,theBritishintheirdailylivesareveryconcernedabouttheweather,andeventheBritish,aftermeetingthemaintopicistheweather.

2.2Differencesofthereligiousbeliefs

Religionisastrongbeliefinasupernaturalpowerorpowersthatcontrolhumandestiny.（SallyWehmeier,2004:

1461）

Religionplaysanimportantroleinhumansociallife.InChina,BuddhismisthepredominantreligionoftheChinesepeople.InthemindsofpeopleoffaithinBuddhismBuddhaisaboveallelse.Reflectedinlanguage,Chinesepeopleoftendescribetheextremelyraregoodopportunityassanshengyouxing（三生有幸）.Andthesansheng（三生）iscomingfromtheBuddhism,representativeofthepre-existence,thislifeandthenextlife.Inaddition,ChinesepeoplealwayssaidlikeBuddhablesswhentheywanttogainsomethingwithhonor.ButintheWest,mostofthepeoplebelieveinChristianity.IntheChristian'smind,godisaboveallelse,andthereforewishestoexpressinEnglishisoftensaidthatGodsave.Whensomeoneissneezing,thepersonbesideswillsayGodblessyou.AndtheexpressionofthemostsevereexpressionofacurseisnotmorethanGoddamnyou;furthermore,thewesternershaveno（三生）theory,buttheyhavewiththeChineseBuddhism,（三生）,correspondstotheTrinity,thattheHolyFather,HolySonandHolySpirit.

2.3Differencesincustoms

Customsisthesocialnormthatanationorculturehaslongbeenincirculationandthemajorityofthepeopletocomplywith.

Easternandwesternculturesonthedifferencesbetweenthisnormisalsoreflectedinthelanguage.Forexample,theChinesepeoplepayattentiontothefamilyconcept,manifestedinthecustomsistospeakonthelevel,talkingaboutkinshiprelations.That'swhywheneatingoccasions,payattentiontotheallocationofseatinginthehomeoftheelders,oragegreaterthantheirownpeopledonotaddresshimbyname,butwiththefather,mother,grandmother,sir,grandfather,uncle,aunt,brother，etc.EveninChinese'ssociallife,nevermettherightpeoplewillusetheobviouskinshipwiththeword.Forexample,whenayouthinneedofhelp,hemightbeanoldmancalledtosayuncleoraunty;childemergencyaskthepeoplewouldfirstsayuncleoraunty.Incontrast,westernersarelessparticularaboutkinship,therefore,didnotlikeEnglishwherethetitleissorichinChineselanguage.Moreover,sincethewesternersputgreaterstressonequalitybetweenmanandman,theytendtoaddresshimbyname.Becauseofthis,ineverydayconversation,westernersrarelyuseladies,gentlemen,teachers,managers,professorsandothertitles,theyareoftenomittedthenamedirectlyinthenameofproportionality,evenateenagechildofaseveral-year-old.Thesameistrueofrespectedelders,aphenomenonintheChineselanguageasacommunicationtoolbetweentheChinesepeopleisabsolutelyunimaginable.Becauseofthis,itisdifficulttoimaginehowtogiveitafaithfultranslationwhenaChineselittlechildsayunclegoodtoaforeignadult.East-westculturaldifferencesinthelanguagenotonlyreflectedintheinterpersonalrelationship,butalsointherelationshipbetweenhumansandanimals.

With"dog"asanexample,intheChineselangu