专题1 第4讲 阅读理解.docx

专题1 第4讲 阅读理解.docx

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专题1第4讲阅读理解

第二部分专题一第4讲

【真题达标组】

A

（2019全国卷Ⅱ，C）

MarianBechtelsitsatWestPalmBeach'sBarLouiecounterbyherself,quietlyreadinghere－bookasshewaitsforhersalad.Whatisshereading?

Noneofyourbusiness!

LunchisBechtel's“me”time.AndlikemoreAmericans,she'snotalone.

Anewreportfound46percentofmealsareeatenaloneinAmerica.Morethanhalf（53percent）havebreakfastaloneandnearlyhalf（46percent）havelunchbythemselves.Onlyatdinnertimeareweeatingtogetheranymore,74percent，accordingtostatisticsfromthereport.

“Iprefertogooutandbeout.Alone,buttogether,youknow?

”Bechtelsaid，lookingupfromherbook.Bechtel，whoworksindowntownWestPalmBeach,haslunchwithcoworkerssometimes,butlikemanyofus，toooftenworksthroughlunchatherdesk.Alunchtimeescapeallowshertokeepabossfromtappingherontheshoulder.Shereturnstoworkfeelingenergized.“Today,Ijustwantedsometimetomyself,”shesaid.

Justtwoseatsover,AndrewMazoleny，alocalvideographer，isfinishinghislunchatthebar.Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst－namebasisifhewantstohavealittleinteraction（交流）.“Ireflectonhowmyday'sgoneandthinkabouttherestoftheweek,”hesaid.“It'sachanceforself－reflection.Youreturntoworkrechargedandwithaplan.”

Thatfreedomtochooseisonereasonmorepeopleliketoeatalone.Therewasatimewhenpeoplemayhavefeltawkwardaboutaskingforatableforone，butthosedaysareover.Now，wehaveoursmartphonestokeepuscompanyatthetable.“Itdoesn'tfeelasaloneasitmayhavebeforealltheadvancesintechnology，”saidLaurieDemerit,whosecompanyprovidedthestatisticsforthereport.

1.Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?

A．Foodvariety.

B．Eatinghabits.

C．Tablemanners.

D．Restaurantservice.

2.WhydoesBechtelprefertogooutforlunch?

A．Tomeetwithhercoworkers.

B．Tocatchupwithherwork.

C．Tohavesometimeonherown.

D．Tocollectdataforherreport.

3.WhatdoweknowaboutMazoleny?

A．Hemakesvideosforthebar.

B．He'sfondofthefoodatthebar.

C．Heinterviewscustomersatthebar.

D．He'sfamiliarwiththebarkeeper.

4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．Thetrendofhavingmealsalone.

B．Theimportanceofself－reflection.

C．Thestressfromworkingovertime.

D．Theadvantageofwirelesstechnology.

【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，列举了越来越多人喜欢单独吃饭的现象，并解释了原因。

1．B　细节理解题。

文章第二段主要是一篇关于各种饮食习惯的比例分析报告，故选B。

2．C　推理判断题。

根据文章第三段“Today，Ijustwantedsometimetomyself…”可知出去吃午餐是为了有点儿自己的时间，故选C。

3．D　细节理解题。

根据文章第四段“Helikesthathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeper…”可知他与酒吧老板相熟，故选D。

4．A　主旨大意题。

本文主要反映了现在越来越多的人习惯于独自用餐，形成一种趋势，故选A。

B

（2018，北京卷，A）

MyFirstMarathon（马拉松）

Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.

Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas“notathletic”．

TheideathatIwas“notathletic”stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!

Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.

Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces（鞋带）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!

Atmile3,Ipassedasign:

“GOFORIT,RUNNERS！

”

Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.

Bymile21,Iwasstarving!

AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.

Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!

AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.

Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗标签）,Icannowcallmyselfa“marathonwinner”．

5.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor________.

A．waswelltrained

B．feltscared

C．madeuphismindtorun

D．losthope

6.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear?

A．Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.

B．Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.

C．Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.

D．Toshareapreciousmemory.

7.Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?

A．Hemadeit.

B．Hequithalfway.

C．Hegotthefirstprize.

D．Hewalkedtotheend.

8.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?

A．Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.

B．Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.

C．Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

D．Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.

【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。

讲述了自己第一次跑马拉松，凭借自己的意志力成功跑完全程的励志故事。

5．C　细节理解题。

根据文章第一段最后一句“Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.”可知，马拉松赛前一个月尽管作者脚踝受伤使得训练时间缩短，但作者仍下定决心参赛。

故选C。

6．C　细节理解题。

根据文章第二段“Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas‘notathletic’．”可知，作者提到7年级的事情是为了证明自己真的没有运动天赋。

故选C。

7．A　细节理解题。

根据文章第10段“Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!

AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.”可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可见他成功地跑完了马拉松。

故选A。

8．B　主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，作者在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段“Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗标签）,Icannowcallmyselfa‘marathonwinner’．”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的意志。

故选B。

C

（2018，天津卷，C）

There'sanewfrontierin3Dprintingthat'sbeginningtocomeintofocus:

food.Recentdevelopmenthasmadepossiblemachinesthatprint,cook,andservefoodsonamassscale.Andtheindustryisn'tstoppingthere.

Foodproduction

Witha3Dprinter,acookcanprintcomplicatedchocolatesculpturesandbeautifulpiecesfordecorationonaweddingcake.Noteverybodycandothat—ittakesyearsofexperience,butaprintermakesiteasy.ArestaurantinSpainusesaFoodinito“re－createformsandpieces”offoodthatare“exactlythesame，”freeingcookstocompleteothertasks.Inanotherrestaurant,allofthedishesanddessertsitservesare3D－printed，ratherthanfarmtotable.

Sustainability（可持续性）

Theglobalpopulationisexpectedtogrowto9.6billionby2050,andsomeanalystsestimatethatfoodproductionwillneedtoberaisedby50percenttomaintaincurrentlevels.Sustainabilityisbecominganecessity.3Dfoodprintingcouldprobablycontributetothesolution.Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids（水解胶体）fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae（藻类）andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients（烹饪原料）.3Dprintingcanreducefueluseandemissions.Grocerystoresofthefuturemightstock“food”thatlastsyearsonend,freeingupshelfspaceandreducingtransportationandstoragerequirements.

Nutrition

Future3Dfoodprinterscouldmakeprocessedfoodhealthier.HodLipson,aprofessoratColumbiaUniversity,said,“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins.Soinsteadofeatingapieceofyesterday'sbreadfromthesupermarket,you'deatsomethingbakedjustforyouondemand.”

Challenges

Despiterecentadvancementsin3Dfoodprinting,theindustryhasmanychallengestoovercome.Currently,mostingredientsmustbechangedtoapaste（糊状物）beforeaprintercanusethem,andtheprintingprocessisquitetime－consuming,becauseingredientsinteractwitheachotherinverycomplexways.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.Someexpertsareskepticalabout3Dfoodprinters,believingtheyarebettersuitedforfastfoodrestaurantsthanhomesandhigh－endrestaurants.

9.Whatbenefitdoes3Dprintingbringtofoodproduction?

A．Ithelpscookstocreatenewdishes.

B．Itsavestimeandeffortincooking.

C．Itimprovesthecookingconditions.

D．Itcontributestorestaurantdecorations.

10.Whatcanwelearnabout3DfoodprintingfromParagraph3?

A．Itsolvesfoodshortageseasily.

B．Itquickensthetransportationoffood.

C．Itneedsnospaceforthestorageoffood.

D．Itusesrenewablematerialsassourcesoffood.

11.AccordingtoParagraph4,3D－printedfood________.

A．ismoreavailabletoconsumers

B．canmeetindividualnutritionalneeds

C．ismoretastythanfoodinsupermarkets

D．cankeepallthenutritioninrawmaterials

12.Whatisthemainfactorthatprevents3Dfoodprintingfromspreadingwidely?

A．Theprintingprocessiscomplicated.

B．3Dfoodprintersaretooexpensive.

C．Foodmaterialshavetobedry.

D．Someexpertsdoubt3Dfoodprinting.

13.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A．3DFoodPrinting:

DeliciousNewTechnology

B．ANewWaytoImprove3DFoodPrinting

C．TheChallengesfor3DFoodProduction

D．3DFoodPrinting:

FromFarmtoTable

【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普类短文。

文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在食物上的应用取得的进展，但目前仍面临着许多方面的挑战。

9．B　推理判断题。

根据文章Foodproduction中叙述了没有经验的人可以用3D打印机做出复杂的巧克力雕塑和美丽的婚礼蛋糕，以及餐厅能够用3D打印出所有的菜肴和甜点，从而可以推断出：

3D打印的优势是节省了做饭的时间和精力。

故选B。

10．D　细节理解题。

根据文章第三段“Someexpertsbelieveprinterscouldusehydrocolloids（水解胶体）fromplentifulrenewableslikealgae（藻类）andgrasstoreplacethefamiliaringredients（烹饪原料）．”可知，3D打印机可以使用可再生材料作为食物来源。

故选D。

11．B　推理判断题。

根据文章第四段“Foodprintingcouldallowconsumerstoprintfoodwithcustomizednutritionalcontent,likevitamins（食品打印可以让消费者打印定制营养的食物）．”从而可以推断出，3D打印出来的食物可以满足个人营养需求。

故选B。

12．C　细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段“mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestrictedtodryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsm