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语法doc
一、名词复数构成规则:
1.一般词尾加-s:
book—books,bag—bags
2.以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es:
bus—buses,box—boxes,watch—watches,brush—brushes,以o结尾,有命o加-es,无命o加-s如:
tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes;photo—photos,radio—radios
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,改y为i,再加-es:
family—families
4.以“f/fe”结尾,改f/fe为v,再加-es:
knife—knives,wolf—wolves
5.不规则的特殊记:
man—men,woman—women,child—children,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,fish—fish,sheep—sheep,people—people,Chinese—Chinese,mouse—mice
二、动词现在分词(-ing)的构成规则:
1.现在分词很好记,一般后加-ing:
do—doing,walk—walking
2.词尾若有哑音e,去e再加没问题:
have—having,write—writing
3.一辅重读闭音节,最后字母要双写:
run—running,swim—swimming,skip—skipping,shop—shopping,sit—sitting,get—getting
三、动词过去式的构成规则:
规则动词加-ed,不规则动词特殊记
1.一般词尾加-ed:
work—worked,play—played
2.以e结尾只加-d:
live—lived,dance—danced
3.辅y结尾改i加-ed:
study—studied,worry—worried
4.双写最后字母加-ed:
stop—stopped,drop—dropped
不规则动词过去式变化表
原形
过去式
意思
原形
过去式
意思
be(am,is,are)
was,were
是
learn
learned,
learnt
学习
become
became
成为
lose
lost
丢失
buy
bought
买
make
made
制造
can
could
能
meet
met
遇见
come
came
来
put
put
放
do,does
did
做
read
read
读
draw
drew
画
ride
rode
骑,乘
drink
drank
喝
ring
rang
响,鸣
drive
drove
驾驶
run
ran
跑
eat
ate
吃
say
said
说
find
found
发现
see
saw
看见
fly
flew
飞
send
sent
寄
get
got
得到
sing
sang
唱歌
give
gave
给
sit
sat
坐
go
went
走
speak
spoke
说
have,has
had
有
build
built
建造
hear
heard
听
stand
stood
站立
know
knew
知道
swim
swam
游泳
bring
brought
带来
take;
took
带走
lend
lent
借
teach
taught
教
tell
told
告诉
wear
wore
穿
think
thought
思考
will
would
将
win
won
获胜
write
wrote
写
四、动词第三人称单数形式的构成规则:
(特殊的是have—has)
1.一般词尾加-s:
play—plays,ride—rides
2.以s,x,ch,sh,o结尾的词加-es:
teach—teaches,wash—washes,go—goes
3.以辅音字母加y结尾改y为i,再加-es:
study—studies,carry—carries
五、形容词比较级的构成规则:
1、一般词尾加-er,如:
tall—taller,long—longer
2、以e结尾只加-r,如:
fine—finer,late—later
3、辅y结尾改y为i,再加-er:
如funny—funnier,busy—busier
4、双写再加-er,如:
big—bigger,fat—fatter,thin—thinner,hot—hotter
表示两者进行比较,一者比另一者更…….时,要用比较级,其句子结构是:
对象A+be(am,is,are)+形容词的比较级+than+对象B,如:
I’mfatterthanyou.LineAislongerthanLineB.
如两者一样,则用thesameas如:
Circle1isthesameasCircle2.
一、缩略形式和完整形式:
that’s=thatis what’s=whatis can’t= cannot
where’s=whereis it’s=itis isn’t=isnot
he’s=heis she’s=sheis don’t=donot I’ve=Ihave
I’m=Iam you’re=youarewillnot=won’t
they’re=theyare let’s=letus doesn’t=doesnot
I’ll=Iwill wasn’t=wasnotweren’t=werenot
代词的种类和用法:
人称代词有主格和宾格之分:
主格用作主语,宾格用作宾语。
如:
Heisapupil.Hegoestoschoolbybus.(代词作主语用主格)
Theyoftenhelpme,pleaselookatme.(代词作宾语用宾格)
物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种,形容词性物主代词后必须接名词,名词性物主代词后不能接名词。
如:
Thisismybook.Hisbookisonthatdesk.
Thisbookismine.Hisisonthatdesk.
指示代词有this,that,these,those等。
This,these指较近的人或物,that,those指较远的人或物。
单 数
复 数
主 格
I
you
he
she
it
we
they
you
宾 格
me
you
him
her
it
us
them
you
形容词性物主代词
my
your
his
her
its
our
their
your
名词性物主代词
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
theirs
yours
小学英语四种时态总结
一、一般现在时。
主要描述经常会发生的动作、状态或不变的真理。
句末常出现everyday/week/year/Monday,inthemorning,句中常有always,usually,often,sometimes,never
组成:
(一)1、肯定句:
主语+be(am,is,are)+名词(形容词)
Iamastudent. Heistall.Theyaredogs.
2、否定句:
在be后加not
Iamnotastudent. Heisnottall.Theyarenotdogs.
3、疑问句:
be动词提前到第一位。
Areyouastudent?
Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.
Ishetall?
Yes,heis./No,heisn’t.
Aretheydogs?
Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.
(我用am你用are,is跟着他她它,复数人称全用are)
(二)1、主语+动词+其他+(地点+时间)
Wegotoschoolbybikeeveryday.
HegoestotheparkonSunday.
2、否定句:
主语+don’t/doesn’t’t+动词原形+其他
Wedon’tgotoschoolbybikeeveryday.
Hedoesn’tgototheparkonSunday.
3、一般疑问句:
Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他+?
Doyougotoschoolbybikeeveryday ?
Yes,wedo./No,wedon’t.
DoeshegototheparkonSunday?
Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.
4、特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
Whattimedoyougetup?
Howdoeshegotoschooleveryday?
二、现在进行时:
主要叙述现在正在进行的动作。
句末常出现now,句首常出现look,listen
组成:
1、肯定句:
主语+be(am,is,are)+动词ing形式
IamreadingEnglish.Theyareswimming. Heisplayingfootball.
2、否定句:
在be后加not
IamnotreadingEnglish.Theyarenotswimming.Heisnotplayingfootball.
3、一般疑问句:
将be放到第一位。
AreyoureadingEnglish?
Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot..
Aretheyswimming?
Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t..
Isheplayingfootball?
Yes,heis./No,heisn’t..
4、特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
Whatareyoudoing?
Whoishewaitingfor?
三、一般将来时。
主要描述将来要发生的事情。
句末常出现nextMonday/week/year,tomorrow
组成:
A.1、肯定句:
主语+begoingto+动词原形
IamgoingtovisitAnn. Theyaregoingtodrawadog.
Sheisgoingtorideahorse.
2、否定句:
在be后加not
IamnotgoingtovisitAnn.Theyarenotgoingtodrawadog.
Sheisnotgoingtorideahorse.
3、一般疑问句:
将be提前
来源:
(-小学英语四种时态总结_郭丽莎_新AreyougoingtovisitAnn?
Yes,Iam./No,Imnot.
Aretheygoingtodrawadog?
Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.
Isshegoingtorideahorse?
Yes,sheis./No,sheisn’t。
4、特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?
B.组成:
1、肯定句:
主语+will+动词原形,或缩写为’ll
Iwillgotothelibrary. Theywillcleanthehouse.
Shewilleatbreakfastathome.
2、否定句:
在will后加not或将willnot写为won’t
Iwillnotgotothelibrary. Theywillnotcleanthehouse.
Shewillnoteatbreakfastathome.
3、一般疑问句:
将will提前
Willyougotothelibrary?
Yes,Iwill./No,Iwon’t.
Willtheycleanthehouse?
Yes,theywill./No,theywon’t.
Willsheeatbreakfastathome?
Yes,shewill./No,shewon’t.
4.特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
WhenwillyougotoLondon?
四、一般过去时:
主要描述过去发生的动作或状态.句末常出现lastnight/week/Monday/year,yesterday,ago
组成:
(一)1、肯定句:
主语+动词过去式+其他
Iwasapilot.Theywerebusy.
Hewenttothemarket.
2、否定句:
主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其他
主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他
Iwasnotapilot.Theywerenotbusy.
Hedidn’tgotothemarket.
3、一般疑问句:
Was/Were+主语+其他?
Did+主语+动词原形+其他?
Wereyouapilot?
Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasn’t.
Weretheybusy?
Yes,theywere./No,theyweren’t.
Didtheygotothemarket?
Yes,theydid./No,theydidn’t.
4、特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
Wherewereyouyesterday?
WhendidyoucomebacklastSunday?
五、祈使句:
表示请求、命令、建议等语气的句子,以动词原形开头。
肯定式:
1、Let’sgohome.2、Sitdown,please!
否定式:
:
1、Let’snotgohome.2、Don’tsitdown,please!
六、感叹句通常由what,how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。
结构:
How+形容词或副词+其他!
What+(a/an)+形容词+名词!
Whatanicegirl!
Whataninterestingbook!
Whatcleverboys!
Howtallheis!
Howfastheruns!
基数词:
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty,twenty-one,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety,onehundred
Therebe句型:
1.定义:
表示某处或某时存在某物或某人。
2.结构:
(1)Thereis/was+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点/时间状语.
(2)Thereare/were+复数名词+地点/时间状语.
Therebe句子的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。
当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。
1Thereisabirdinthetree. 树上有一只鸟。
②Thereisapenandmanybooksonthedesk.
③Therearetwoboysandagirlunderthetree.
3. Therebe句型与have的区别:
(1)Therebe句型和have都表示“有”的含义。
区别如下:
Therebe表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。
eg.
①Hehastwosons. 他有两个儿子。
Ihaveabook.我有一本书。
②Therearetwomenintheoffice. 办公室里有两个男人。
(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,Therebe句型与其可互换。
Aweekhassevendays.=Therearesevendaysinaweek.
变脸一:
否定句
Therebe句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可。
注意not和no的不同:
not是副词,no为形容词,nota/an/any+n.相当于no+n.。
例如:
Therearesomepicturesonthewall.→Therearen'tanypicturesonthewall.=Therearenopicturesonthewall.
Thereisabikeunderthetree.→Thereisn'tabikeunderthetree.=Thereisnobikeunderthetree.
变脸二:
一般疑问句
Therebe句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可,此为\"调整法\"。
但同时要注意:
当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。
Thereissomewaterintheglass.→Isthereanywaterintheglass?
Therearesomefishinthewater.→Arethereanyfishinthewater?
变脸三:
特殊疑问句
Therebe句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:
1.对主语提问:
当主语是人时,用"Who's+介词短语?
";当主语是物时,用"What's+介词短语?
"。
注意:
无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。
如:
Therearemanythingsoverthere.→What'soverthere?
Thereisalittlegirlintheroom.→Whoisintheroom?
2.对数量提问:
一般有两种句型结构:
Howmany+复数名词+arethere+介词短语?
Howmanybooksarethereonthedesk?
Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语?
Howmuchmilkisthereinthebottle?