高考英语阅读理解专题练习主旨大意题.docx

高考英语阅读理解专题练习主旨大意题.docx

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高考英语阅读理解专题练习主旨大意题

高考英语阅读理解专题练习-主旨大意题

Readingcomprehension---Mainidea

1.Theeasywayoutisn’talwayseasiest.IlearnedthatlessonwhenIdecidedtotreatDoug,myhusbandofonemonth,toaspecialmeal.Iglancedthroughmycookbookandchoseamenuwhichincludedhomemadebread.Knowingthebreadwouldtaketine,IstartedonitassoonasDougleftforwork.AsIwasnotexperiencedincooking,Ithoughtifadozenwasgood,twodozenwouldbebetter,soIdoubledeverything.AsDouglovedoranges,Ialsoopenedacanoforangeandpoureditallintothebowl.Soontherewasastickydough（面团）coveredwithuglyyellowishmarks.RealizingIhadbeendefeated,IputthedoughintherubbishbinoutsidesoIwouldn’thavetofaceDouglaughingatmywork.Iwentonpreparingtherestifthemeal,and,whenDouggothome,wesatdowntoCornishchickenwithrice.Hetriedtoenjoythemealbutseemeddisturbed.Twicehegotupandwentoutside,sayinghethoughtheheardanoise.Thethirdtimeheleft,Iwenttothewindowtoseewhathewasdoing.Lookingout,IsawDougstandingaboutthreefeetfromtherubbishbin,holdingthelidupwithastickandlookingintothecontainer.WhenIcameoutofthehouse,hedroppedthestickandexplainedthattherewassomethingaliveinourrubbishbin.Pickingupthestickagain,heheldthelidupenoughformetosee.Ifeltcold.ButIsteppedcloseandlookedharder.Withoutdoubtitwasmywork.Thehotsunhadcausedthesoughtodoughtodoubleinsizeandthefermentingyeast（酵母）madethesurfaceshakeandsighasthoughtitwerebreathing.Itlookedlikesomeunknownbeingfromouterspace.IcouldseewhyDougwasshaken.Ihadtoadmitwhatthe―livingthing‖wasandwhyitwasthere.Idon’tknowwhowasmoreembarrassed（尴尬）bythewholething–Dougorme.

Thewriter’spurposeinwritingthisstoryis___________

a.totellaninterestingexperience.

Toshowtheeasiestwayoutofadifficulty.b.

c.Todescribethetroublefacinganewlymarriedwoman

d.Toexplainthedifficultyoflearningtocookfrombooks

2Decisionthinkingisnotunlikepoker---itoftenmattersnotonlywhatyouthink,butalsowhatothersthinkyouthinkandwhatyouthinktheythinkyouthink.Thementalprocess（）issimilar.Naturally,thiscardgamehasoftenbeenofconsiderableinteresttopeoplewhoare,byanystandards,goodthinkers.ThegreatmathematicianJohnvonNeumannwasoneofthefoundersofgametheory.Inparticular,heshowedthatallgamesof―perfectinformation‖,gameslikechesswheretheplayerscan’thideanythingor

playtricks;theydon’twinbychance,butbymeansoflogicandskills.Thentherearegamesof―imperfectinformation‖,likepoker,inwhichitisimpossibletoknowinadvancethatonecourseofactionisbetterthan

another.

Onemistakenideaaboutbusinessisthatitcanbetreatedasagameofperfectinformation.Quitthereverse.Business,politics,lifeitselfaregameswhichwemustnormallyplaywithveryimperfectinformation.Businessdecisionsareoftenmadewithmanyunknownandunknowablefactors（）whichwouldevenpuzzle（）bestpokerplayers.Butfewbusinesspeoplefinditcomfortabletoadmitthattheyaretakingachance,andmanystillprefertobelievethattheyareplayingchess,notpoker.

Thesubjectdiscussedinthistextis_____

a.theprocessofreachingdecisionb.thedifferencebetweenpokerandchess

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c.thesecretofmakinggoodbusinessplansd.thevalueofinformationinwinninggames3Mostpeoplefeellonelysometimes,butitusuallyonlylastsbetweenafewminutesandafewhours.Thiskindoflonelinessisnotserious,Infact,itisquitenormal.Forsomepeople,though,lonelinesscanlastforyears.Nowresearcherssaytherearethreedifferenttypesofloneliness.

Thefirstkindoflonelinessistemporary（暂时的）.Thisisthemostcommontype.Itusuallydisappears

quicklyanddoesnotrequireanyspecialattention.Thesecondkind,situationalloneliness,isanaturalresultofaparticularsituation—forexampleafamilyproblem,thedeathofalovesone,ormovingtoanewplace.Althoughthiskindoflonelinesscancausephysicalproblems,suchasheadachesandsleeplessness,itusuallydoesnotlastformorethanayear.

Thethirdkindoflonelinessisthemostsevere.Unlikethesecondtype,chronic（长期的）lonelinessusually

lastsmorethantwoyearsandhasnospecificcause.Peoplewhoexperiencehabituallonelinesshaveproblemssocializingandbecomingclosetoothers.Unfortunately,manychronicallylonelypeoplethinkthereislittleornothingtheycandotoimprovetheircondition.

Psychologistsagreethatoneimportantfactorinlonelinessisaperson’ssocialcontacts,e.g.friends,familymembers,co-workers,etc.Wedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasons.Forinstance,ourfamiliesgiveusemotionalsupport,ourparentssharesimilarinterestsandactivities.However,psychologistshavefoundthat,thoughlonelypeoplemayhavemanysocialcontacts,theysometimesfeeltheyshouldhavemore.Theyquestiontheirownpopularity.

Psychologistsaretryingtofindwaystohelphabituallylonelypeoplefortworeasons:

theyareunhappyandunabletosocializeandthereisaconnectionbetweenchroniclonelinessandseriousillnesssuchasheartdisease.Whiletemporaryandsituationallonelinesscanbeanormal,healthypartoflife,chroniclonelinesscanbeaverysad,andsometimesdangerouscondition.

thThetopicofthe41.paragraphisthat_________.

a.oneproblemoflonelinessisaperson’ssocialcontacts

b.wedependonvariouspeoplefordifferentreasons

c.lonelypeopledon’thavemanysocialproblems

d.lonelypeopledon’thavemanyfriends

2.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

a.ThreeKindsofLoneliness.b.:

LonelinessandDiseases

c.LonelinessandSocialContactsd.ChronicLoneliness.

4（Excusedfromrecyclingbecauseyouliveinahighrisewitharubbishchute（垃圾道）?

Youwon’tbefor

long.Miami’sMarkShantzishasmadeitsimpleforthoselivingintallbuildingstousethechuteandcycle,too.

InShantzis’Hi-RiseRecyclingsystem,achuteleadstoapip-shapedcontainerwithsixboxesthatcanturnaroundwhenoperated.Thesystem,whichfitsinthesamespaceasthechuteandcontainernowinuse,enables,glass,plastics,paper,metal,andotherrubbishtogointoseparateboxes.

Thesystemiscontrolledfromaboardfoxednexttothechutedoor.Theboardhasabuttonforeachclassofrecyclingmaterials（）.Atthepressofabutton,amicrocomputerlocksallotherfloors’chutedoors

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andsetstherecyclingcontainerturninguntiltherightboxcomesunderthechute.Thecomputeralsocountstheloadsandgivesasignalbyphonewhentheboxisfull.Andaparticularpieceofequipmentbreaksupthenonrecyclables.

Sorting（分类）recyclablesbeforetheyarecollectedsavestheuseofexpensivematerialsrecoveryequipmentwhichotherwisehastodothesorting.Suchequipmentoftenmakesrecycledmaterialsveryexpensive,soexpensivethattonesofrecyclablesremainwasted.Shantzisbelieveshissystemcouldhelprecycledmaterialsbecomemorecost-effective.（NMET2000年E）

Thepurposeinwritingthistextis_________.

Atoencouragepeopletorecycletheirrubbish.

B.tointroducearecyclingsystemforhighrises

Ctodescribetheuseofcomputertechnologyinrecycling

Dtoexplaintheneedforrubbishcollectioninhighrise

5Manycitiesaroundtheworldtodayareheavilypolluted.Carelessmethodsofproductionandlackofconsumerdemandforenvironment（）friendlyproductshavecontributedtothepollutionproblem.Oneresultisthatmillionsoftonsofglass,paper,plastics,andthesearedifficulttogetridof.

However,today,moreandmoreconsumersarechoosing―green‖anddemandingthattheproductstheybuyshouldbesafefortheenvironment.Beforetheybuyaproduct,theyaskquestionslikethese,―Willthis

shampoodamagetheenvironment?

‖―Canthismetalcontainerbereusedorcanitonlybeusedonce?

‖

Arecentstudyshowedthattwooutoffiveadultsnowconsidertheenvironmentalsafetyofaproductbeforetheybuyit,thismeansthatcompaniesmustnowchangedthewaytheymakeandselltheirproductstomakesurethattheyare―green‖,thatis,friendlytotheenvironment.

Onlyafewyearsago,itwasimpossibletofindgreenproductsinsupermarkets,butnowtherearehundreds.Somesupermarketproductscarrylabels（标签）toshowthattheproductisgreen.Some

companieshavemadethemanufacturing（生产）ofcleanandsafeproductstheirmainsellingpointand

emphasizeitintheiradvertising.

Theconcernforasaferandcleanerenvironmentismakingcompaniesrethinkhowtheydobusiness.Nolongerwillthepubicaccepttheoldattitudeof―buyit,useit,throwitaway,andforgetit.‖Thepublicpressureison,andgraduallybusinessiscleaningupitsact.

NMET2001C

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

a.BusinessandPeopleb.BusinessGoesGreen

c.ShoppingHabitsAreChangingd.SupermarketsandGreenProducts

6IfyouaskpeopletonametheonepersonwhohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage,youwillgetanswerslike―Shakespeare,‖―SamuelJohnson,‖and―Webster‖,butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamanwhodidn’tevenspeakEnglish----WilliamtheConqueror.

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Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoplesbelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroups.Inthewest-centralregionlivedtheWelsh,whospokeaCelticlanguage,andinthenorthlivedtheScots,whoselanguage,thoughnotthesameasWelsh,wasalsoCeltic.IntherestofthecountrylivedtheSaxons,