高考短文改错解题技巧.docx

高考短文改错解题技巧.docx

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高考短文改错解题技巧

高中英语短文改错解题策略

设错基本原则

绝大多数情况下，短文改错题设错为：

多一个词（约1题）、少一个词（约1题）、错一个词（约8题）。

常见错误类型

1.谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有：

①现在时与过去时混用；②and前后动词时态不一致；

③主谓不一致；④缺少谓语动词，特别是be动词；

⑤第三人称单数形式错用；⑥主动语态和被动语态错用。

1）Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudies.

2）Asweclimbedthemountain,wefedmonkeys,visitingtemplesandtoldstories.

3）Oneeveningshetoldmethatsomethinghappenedwhenherparentswasout.

4）Therewillanimportantgamenextmonth.

5）Forthemostpart,studentsworkingtoearnmoneyfortheirownuse.

6）ButthemostwonderfulthingaboutJackwerehismusicalability.

◆讲练结合

时态错误

主从句时态的不一致，或某一时态与文章主体时态不一致

1.IknewthattheywillbeworriedaboutmebecauseIwassofaraway.

2.Yetitseemedwaterisbecominglessandless.

3.YoualwaysheldmeinyourarmsandtoldmestoriestillIfallasleep.

4.MyfatherandIstayedattheSouthLakeHotelforaweekwhenIvisitBeijinglastmonth.

5.Thankyouforallyouhaddoneforme.

6.WhenItearapartmyfifthbirthdaytoytrain,myfathersaid,"That'sit.Nomoretoysforyou.

7.Shesaiditwasthebestgiftshehaseverhad.

8.Myteachershavebeentellingmehowgreatmywritingwas.Soifwhattheyhadsaidwastrue,Iwouldhaveachanceofwinningtheprize.

9.Webecamefriendsshortlyafterwemeeteachother.

10.Atthattime,weoftenspendtimetogether.

11.Friendsarethoseyoulikeandtrust,andyouwillenjoyeveryminuteyouspentwiththem.

12.Ourfoodarrivedwithanote.Itreads,“Yourlunchhasbeenpaidfor.…”

13.OnedayintherestaurantwhereIworked,Iamservingatableoffour.

14.Sheknowswhathadhappened,thankedmeandnevermentioneditagain.

15.Mysistersawalovelycupwhenweareshoppingtheotherday.

主谓不一致

1.NowmyfriendAnn,togetherwithme,aregoingtodofieldstudy.

2.WhatIlikedbestwerethefreehigh-speedInternetconnectionintheroom.

3.Afterhearingyoursadstories,hewillsaysomewordsthatisniceandwarm.

4.Whatwerebetter,Ihadusefulhelp.

5.Earningtheirownmoneyallowthemtospendonanythingiftheylike.

2.名词的常见错误

单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。

①I’llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject.

②Theirwordwereagreatencouragementtome.

③Withoutenoughknowledges,youcanneverteachwell.

◆讲练结合

可数名词单数前未加a/an

1.IstillrememberwhenIwaschild,youalwaysheldmeinyourarms.

2.ItissuchgreathotelthatIwouldrecommendittoanyfriendsofmine.

3.TherewasUncleChen,gentlemanlivingnearmyhouse,whowasveryfamouswriter.

4.Besides,afriendisalwaysgoodlistenerwhenyouneedone.

5.Ifyou’dliketomaketriptoourcitysomeday,Iwillbemorethanhappytobeyourguide.

6.MyfriendNicktoldmestoryabouthisexperiencebackinUS.

7....andafterthatIwouldgotoXiamenforholiday.

8.MybrotherandIthoughtwewouldgiveourselvesatreatatrestaurant.

9.InoticedMotherlookingatanearbytableoccupiedbyanelderlywomanandyoungcouple.

名词复数误用成单数形式

1.Ineededtostayinahospitalforatleasttwoweek.

2.Thefoodwaswonderfulwithreasonablepriceandweenjoyedseverallocaldish.

3.Youtoldmethenameofdifferentplantsandtheircharacteristics.

4.We,aswellasanimal,cannotlivewithoutwater.

5.Idestroyedeachofmytoy.

6.Mom,IknowIhaveneverexpressedmythanktoyoubefore.

7.Christiewasoneofmybestfriendathighschool.

8.Icameacrossacrewmakinganewfilmwithoneofmyfavouriteactor.

9.LiMing’sparentsinvitedmetospendtwowonderfulweekinQingdao.

10.Theytakehimlotsofbookandfreshfruit.

11.TherearetwogirlsherefrommycourseandIplantomakefriendwiththem.

12.AlthoughherEnglishisalittlehardtounderstand,weenjoychattingandweusuallytalkalotaboutourownfamily.

不可数名词误用成复数形式

1.Heagreedtoreadmystoryandgivemesomeadvicesonhowtowritelikearealwriter.

2.Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.

3.Whilewaitingforourfood,weemptiedalloursmallchangesfromourwalletsonthetableandcounteditout.

4.Tomwashavingmuchtroublesgettingupinthemorningandwasalwayslateforwork.

3.连词错误

连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词and/or/but/so/for/nor等

（一般考查从句关系who/whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether）

①Ihaveagoodfriendwho’snameisLiuMei.

②Iteachthem,playwiththem,butwatchthemgrowingup.

③Cleverassheis,butsheworksveryhard.

◆讲练结合

从属连词逻辑关系错误

1.IhavebeenmissingyouverymuchafterIwenttocollegeayearago.

2.Ithink,weshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttreesthoughtreeswillhelpsavewater.

3.WheneverIam,Iwillalwaysloveyou.

4.It'sbeenaweekafterweleftyourfamilyandwearenowbackhome.

5.Butthenaweekafterthetrip,shesuddenlyannouncedthattheywouldn’ttaketheholiday.

并列连词and/but/or/so/for等逻辑关系颠倒

1.Icalledmyparents,soIdidnottellthemwhathadhappened.

2.Itisinthedowntownareas,butitiseasytogotoanywherefromthehotelbypublictransport.

3.Hisbosswantedtofirehimifhedidn’tstartcomingontime,buthewenttothedoctorforahelp.

4.Ididn’thavemycamerawithmeatthat,butIrushedbackhometogetit.

5.LastyearIwasill,buthadtostayinhospitalforaweek.

4.冠词错误

误用或漏用a和an；误用a/an和the（固定搭配，或泛指、特指；多余的冠词或少冠词）

①Wemaybeonefamilyandliveunderasameroof.

②Aseveryoneknows,it’sfamousmountainwithallkindsofpants.

④Ihopeyouhavepleasantjourney.

5.形容词和副词错误

1）系动词后用形容词（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官系动词smell/feel）

2）词性的误用：

形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词、形容词。

①I’msurewe’llhaveawonderfullytimetogether.

②Mypronunciationwasterribly.

◆讲练结合

形容词和副词用法错位

形容词误作状语；副词误作定语、表语或宾补

1.Unfortunate,Ihadanaccidentandhitanothercar,andIneededtostayinahospitalforatleasttwoweeks.

2.Welivedinacomfortablydoubleroomwithabigbath.

3.WheneverIthinkoftheolddays,Ifeelveryhappily.

4.Still,yourhappinessmakeshimhappilytoo.

5.LiMingandIlovedwalkingalongthewonderfullybeach.

6.Everyoneelseseemsveryniceandwarmlyhere.

7.NangisaspeciallykindofcakeinXinjiang.

8.Itwasawonderfullysurpriseasnothinglikethathadhappenedtous.

9.Shewas,infact,ratherattractively,andsheneverseemedtocarewhattherestofusthoughtabouther.

10.Hehadtimeforaproperlybreakfastandwasstillthefirstreachthefactory.

11.Theyatesilently,anditwasclearlythatthingswerenotgoingwell.

6.代词错误

1）代词的主格和宾格（I/me;He/him;She/her;We/us;They/them）

2）反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）

3）代词的单数和复数

4）多余的代词和少代词

①SoonIbegantoenjoytalkingtomyselfonpaperasIwaslearningtoexpressmeinsimpleEnglish.

②OnedayIwrotealittlestoryandshowedtomyteacher.

③Ifanyoneofushadanydifficultyinourlifeandstudy,theotherwouldhelphimout.

④What’smore,youhavetobefriendswithyourpupilsandtakegoodcareofhim.

◆讲练结合

主格与宾格混淆

1.Afterourfinalexaminations,mybrotherandmethoughtwewouldgiveourselvesatreatatarestaurant.

2.Threeyearsago,LiMing’sparentsinvitedItospendtwoweeksinQingdao.

3.Isaid,“Thatwasveryniceofyou,Mother.ButIdidn’tthinkshelookedlikeGrandma.”“Neitherdidme.”saidMothercheerfully.

指代前后不一致

1.Manycountriesintheworldfindwedon'thaveenoughwater.

2.IknewthattheywouldbeworriedaboutmyselfbecauseIwassofaraway.

3.Iwashappywhenthetoysworked,butwhenthingswentwrong,Igotangryandbrokeit.

4.NangisaspecialkindofcakeinXinjiang.Ilikethemverymuch.

5.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.

6.Thankyouforshowingthemaroundyourcityandprovidinguswiththewonderfulmeals.

7.Andaftermanyyears,shepassedherdrivingtestandtoldherhusbandthathewasgoingtodrivehimovertoFranceforaholiday.

8.Thedoctorgavehimsomemedicineandtoldhimtotakethembeforehewenttobed.

9.Asshedidthis,lotsofteasplashedonhisTshirt!

10.IwasabouttoanswerhimwhenInoticedthatthelastplateonthetraybegantofall.Theyfellnoisilytothefloor.

7.非谓语动词错误

1）不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。

2）and连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时），

3）介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语。

4）某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。

5）现在分词与过去分词混淆。

①SoonIbegantoenjoytalktomyselfonpaperasIwas….

②Buthisparentsthinkgotocollegeismoreimportantthanplayingsports.

③Childrenmaynotdevelopthehabitofreadandtheabilitytoenjoythemselves.

④Iparticularlyenjoyeddrivingthroughthecountrysidewithyouandsawthechangingcolorsoftheleavesonthetrees.

◆讲练结合

遗漏不定式符号to

1.Mysisterwantedgetoutoftheshop.

2.Sheneverseemedcarewhattherestofusthoughtabouther.

3.Itwasalessontousthatitwaspossiblegivewithoutexpectinganything.

现在分词与过去分词混淆不清

1.Therefore,ItoldtheminterestedstoriesandhowIwasenjoyingBrazil.

2.Third,weshouldfindwaystoreusethewaterusinginwashing,especiallybathwater.

3.IalsosharedwithmyfriendsmanyphotostakinginBeijing.

4.IbecameinterestinginbiologyandchosetolearnbiologywhenIenteredintothecollege.

5.Iampleasingtothat.

6.Withabreakingleg,hewaswalkingtoschooltheotherday.

7.MyfriendNicktoldmeastoryabouthisexperienceintheUS,whichwasveryinterested.

8.介词错误

1）词组中的介词误用，2）介词意思理解偏差，3）介词的多用或少用

①Therearetoomanypeopleamongmyfamily.

②IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.

◆讲练结合

介词后误用动词原形

1.Ilookforwardtoseeheragaininthenearfuture.

2.Itwasalessontousthatitwaspossibletogivewithoutexpectanything.

3.Afterhear