届高考英语一轮复习易错题型专训2阅读理解概括主旨大意类.docx

届高考英语一轮复习易错题型专训2阅读理解概括主旨大意类.docx

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届高考英语一轮复习易错题型专训2阅读理解概括主旨大意类

2021届高考英语一轮复习易错题型专训

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阅读理解---概括主旨大意类

1.Amachinethattakessweat-laden（浸满汗水的）clothesandturnsthesweatintodrinkingwaterisinuseinSweden.Themachinemakestheclothesturnroundquickly,heatsthemtoremovethesweat,andthenpassesthesteamthroughakindofspecialmaterialtomakepurifiedwater.

Sinceithasbeenbroughtintouse,itscreatorssaymorethan1000peoplehavedrunkothers’“sweat”inGothenburg.Theyaddtheliquidiscleanerthanlocaltapwater.

ThedevicewasbuiltfortheUnitedNations’child-focusedcharityUNICEFtopromoteacampaignhighlightingthefactthat780millionpeopleintheworldlackaccesstocleanwater.

ThemachinewasdesignedandbuiltbytheengineerAndreasHammar,knownlocallyforhisappearancesonTVtechshow“Mekatronik”.HesaidthekeypartofthesweatmachinewasanewwaterpurificationpartdevelopedbyacompanynamedHVR.

“Itusesatechniquecalledmembranedistillation（膜蒸馏）,”hetoldtheBBC.“Weuseaspecialkindofmaterialthatonlyletssteamthroughbutkeepsbacteria,salts,clothingfibersandotherthingsout.TheyhavesomethingsimilartotheInternationalSpaceStation,butourmachineischeapertobuild.Theamountofwateritproducesdependsonhowsweatythepersonis,butoneperson’sT-shirttypicallyproduces10ml,aboutamouthful.”

ThedevicehasbeenputonshowattheGothiaCup-theworld’slargestinternationalyouthfootballtournament.MattiasRonge,chiefexecutiveofStockholm-basedadvertisingagencyDeportivo,saidthemachinehadhelpedraiseawarenessforUNICEF,butinrealityhaditslimitations.

“Peoplehaven’tproducedasmuchsweataswehoped–rightnowtheweatherinGothenburgislousy,”MattiasRongesaid.“Sowe’veequippedthemachinewithexercisebikesandvolunteersarecyclinglikecrazy.Evenso,thedemandforsweatisgreaterthanthesupply.Andthemachinewillneverbeproducedinlargenumbers,sincetherearebettersolutionsouttheresuchaswaterpurifyingpills.”

1.Whichofthefollowingisthedisadvantageofthesweatmachine?

A.Theamountofwaterthemachineproducesisratherlimited.

B.Ittakestoolongforthemachinetoproducewater.

C.Itcostsalargeamountofmoneytobuildthemachine.

D.Thewaterprocessedbythemachineisnotcleanenough.

2.UNICEFismentionedinthetextto________.

A.showhowthesweatmachineworksB.showtheimportanceoftheUnitedNations

C.explainwhythesweatmachinewasinventedD.telluswhoinventedthesweatmachine

3.WhatdidMattiasRongethinkofthesweatmachine?

A.Itcouldonlybeusedinsummer.B.Itwasnotworthpopularizing.

C.Itdidnotworkatall.D.Thewateritproducedtastedsweet.

4.Thetextiswrittenmainlytotellusthat___________.

A.780millionpeopleintheworldlackaccesstocleanwater

B.amachinewhichturnssweatintodrinkingwaterisinvented

C.abettersolutiontopurifyingdirtywaterisdiscovered

D.thepillwhichturnsdirtywaterintocleanwaterisproduced

2.Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit（联系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber（中位数）ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction（消亡）,withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon（eightremainingspeakers）,ChiapanecoinMexico（150）,LipanApacheintheUnitedStates（twoorthree）orWadjiguinAustralia（one,withaquestion-mark）:

noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.

1.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.

C.TheyhadsimilarpatternsD.Theywerecloselyconnected.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?

A.ComplexB.Advanced.C.PowerfulD.Modern.

3.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

A.About6,800B.About3,400C.About2,400D.About1,200

4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.

B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.

D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

3.Itcannotbedeniedthatweallwanttosucceed,whetheritisinlosingweightorlearningtheguitar.Forthosewhohavetriedandfailed,successseemsdifficulttounderstand.Whydoesonepersonsucceedwhereanotherpersonfails?

Ihavemadealistoffourhabitstohelpsetgoalsandachievethem.

Identifyyourcorevalues

Findingyourcorevaluesisinlinewithcreatinginnermotivation.Sitandreflectonwhatyouvaluemost.Pickahandfulofthingsandactuallywritethemdown.Remindyourselfofyourvalueseveryday,andreflectonwhetheryouarehonoringthosevaluesthroughyourwork.

Pickagoalandfocusonit

Chooseonegoaltostartsomethinglargeenoughthatwillgiveyouasenseofaccomplishment,whileadjustingwelltoyourcorevalues.Focusiskeyhere.Themorefocusedyouareononegoal,thehigherchanceyouhaveofsuccess.

Ifyouperformagreatmanytasksatatime,youmightnevercompleteyourprojectsbecausetheywilltakefartoolong.

Setadeadlineforsuccess

Tosetadateordeadlineforsuccessismeaningfulandnecessary.Identifywhenyouhopetoachieveyourgoal.Keepitrealistic,whilenotgivingyoutoomuchtime.Bysettingatimelimit,youaremakingtheprocessmorerealandplanned.

Sticktoyourgoal.

Failurecan’tbeavoidedtosomeextentwhenyoutakerisks,byitsverydefinition,thedesiretosucceedmeansyouareriskingfailure.Manypeopletendtogiveupfartooearly.Don’tfallintothistrap!

Rememberyourmindset（心态）earlier.Knowitwillhappen.Afailureismerelyyouworkingoutthedetails,andlearningwhatworksandwhatdoesn’t.Usefailure.Treatitasagoodthing,andmarchon!

Inyourlifetime,youhavemanyopportunitiestosucceed.Whileintheprocessyoumayencounter（遭遇）plentyoffailures,butonconditionthatyousticktothefourhabitsabove,youwillbeabsolutelysuccessfulsoonerorlater.

1.Youwouldhaveabetterchancetosucceedifyou_________.

A.reflectonyourgoalmoreB.aremoreconcentratedonagoal

C.aremoreeagertosucceedD.tryyourbesttoavoidfailure

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Peoplearealleagertosucceedinlife.

B.Realizingcorevaluescanmakeinnermotivation.

C.Youareboundtosucceedifyoufollowthefourhabits.

D.failureissometimesnotabadthing.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthepassagereferto?

A.detail.B.Failure.C.Goal.D.Success.

4.Thebesttitleforthepassagecouldbe_________.

A.FourHabitstoHelpYouSucceedB.Maketherightdecision

C.FailureisthemotherofsuccessD.Findthecorevaluesofsuccess

4.Imaginethatyou’rethecreatorandshowrunnerofthenewestcomedyshowontelevision.Onlyitisn’tsopopularyet,andyourliveStudioaudienceisn’tgivingyouthebiglaughstheshowdeserves.Doyoufilmtheshowalloveragain,hopingthatthistimetheaudiencewilllaugh?

Oristhereanotheroptionformakingajokesoundfunnierthanitwasreceived?

Sweeten（改善）thesoundbyaddingalaughtrack!

“Sweetening,”ortheadditionofsoundeffectssuchaslaughs,screams,andotheraudience-producednoisestotheaudiotrackofaTVshow,hasbeenusedsincethe1940stoproducetheappearance,orratherthesound,ofanengagedandentertainedresponsetoashow’scomedy.Laughtrackscameintoexistenceasnotonlyasolution,andsometimesreplacement,foranunengagedliveaudiencebutalsoasawaytoengageanat-homeaudienceintoamore-traditional,public,andtheaterlikeexperience.Addingalaughtracktoatelevisionshowmakestheviewersathomefeelmuchlesslikethey’resittingonacouchstaringatthetelevisionscreenandmuchmorelikethey’reinaroomfulloflaughinghappypeopletovaryingdegreesofsuccess.

Thoughtheartofsweeteninghasrisenandfalleninpopularityoverthepast60years,creditforitscreationandcontinueduseisowedtolaugh-trackpioneerandsoundengineerCharlesDouglass.Douglasswasthefirsttodevelop,in1953,amachineforproducing“cannedlaughter”,accessibleatthepushofabuttonorpullofalever（操纵杆）.Despitebeingartificial,sensiblyeditedlaughtracksarefoundbytelevisionstudiostobringaboutapositiveaudienceresponse,astheiruseisusuallyaccompaniedbyhigherratingsandincreasedaudiencememory.Thoug