专题06阅读理解议论文体类 备战高考英语母题题源解密全国通用解析版.docx

专题06阅读理解议论文体类 备战高考英语母题题源解密全国通用解析版.docx

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专题06阅读理解议论文体类备战高考英语母题题源解密全国通用解析版

专题06阅读理解（议论文体类）

【母题来源一】2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（甲卷）

【母题题文】

Whoisagenius?

Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.

Let’sstateclearly:

Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?

Andwhoarethey?

Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It’ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.

AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性别）are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:

Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?

Itdoesn’ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:

absolutelynot.

Here’sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors（因素）likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld."

12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors’standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?

A.They’reunfair.B.They’reconservative.

C.They’reobjective.D.They’restrict.

13.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?

A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.

B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.

C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.

D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs.

14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?

A.Improvedglobalcommunication.

B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.

C.Acceptanceofvictors’concepts.

D.Changesinpeople’ssocialpositions.

15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.GeniusTakesManyForms

C.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuck

【试题解析】

12.A

推理判断题。

考查作者对于天才俱乐部的standard的态度。

根据第三段句子“It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.”可知，据说历史是由胜利者书写的，胜利者制定了进入天才俱乐部的标准。

当俱乐部外的天才——妇女，或不同肤色或信仰的人做出了贡献，他们不被别人承认和拒绝。

由此推断作者认为胜利者制定的加入天才俱乐部的标准不公正。

故选A。

13.D

细节理解题。

涉及Science所作的thestudy根据第四段中句子“AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性别）are"really,reallysmart".Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:

Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.””可知，《科学》杂志最近发表的一项研究发现，在6岁时，女孩比男孩更不可能说女生很聪明更糟的是，女孩们的行为是基于这样一种信念：

她们开始在六岁左右避免那些据说是为那些为聪明的孩子们准备的活动。

由此推知，女孩们更容易受到社会观念的影响。

故选D。

14.A

细节理解题。

根据最后一段中信息“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication…socialfactors（因素）likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.”可知，在一个全球通信不断的有线世界里，性别、种族和阶级等社会因素并不能决定天才的出现。

由此得知，全球通讯的发展让我们熟知更多的天才。

故选A。

15.B

主旨大意题/文章标题。

综合全文信息可知作者认为，当俱乐部外的天才——妇女，或不同肤色或信仰的人做出了贡献，他们不被别人承认或被拒绝，这是不对的。

文章最后引用一位作家的话，未来的天才来自那些有“智慧、创造力、毅力和简单的好运，能够改变世界的人”。

故选B。

【母题来源二】2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（乙卷）

【母题题文】Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction（干扰）inhisopenoffice,hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus."Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall,coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout（布局）.ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks

Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovariousnoiselevelsinthebackground,fromtotalsilenceto50decibels（分贝）,70decibels,and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant;however,theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop-significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall,thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.

Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant,thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoise—nottooloudandnottotalsilence—mayactuallyimproveone’screativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander,withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof"distractedfocus"appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.

Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices?

Theproblemmaybethat,inouroffices,wecan'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’retryingtofocus.Indeed,theresearchersfoundthatface-to-faceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess,andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.

32.Whydoestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?

A.Ithelpshimconcentrate.

B.Itblocksoutbackgroundnoise.

C.Ithasapleasantatmosphere.

D.Itencouragesface-to-faceinteractions.

33.Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability?

A.Totalsilence.

B.50decibels.

C.70decibels.

D.85decibels.

34.Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometomanypeople?

A.Personalprivacyunprotected.

B.Limitedworkingspace.

C.Restrictionsongroupdiscussion.

D.Constantinterruptions.

35.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.He'sanewsreporter.B.He’sonofficemanager.

C.He'saprofessionaldesigner.D.He'sapublishedwriter.

【试题解析】

32.A细节查找题利用第一段信息“hesaid,“That’swhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreet—soIcanfocus.”可知受访者喜欢从workingplace的原因是可以让他集中注意力。

文中focus和选项中concentrate是同义词。

故选A。

33.C细节查找题文中信息“…theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup—thoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshop-significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups.”提示70分贝的背景音outperform（超过；胜过）其它组别。

故选C项。

34.D细节查找题根据最后一段“…inouroffices,wecan'tstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothers’conversationswhilewe’retryingtofocus”可知在办公室里，我们的注意力很容易被人吸引。

A选项“个人意思不受保护”，B选项“办公空间有限”，C项“小组讨论受限”，D项“不断的干扰”，故选D。

35.D推理判断题根据第一段信息“Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks,myinterviewersaid……”可知作者是一名作家。

故选D。

【母题来源四】2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）

【母题题文】

Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes'walkfromhomewhereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen-anyscreen-andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today'schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.

Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.TheresultwasProjectWildThing,afilmwhichchartsthebirthoftheWildNetworkagroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature.

"Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,"DavidBondsays."Thereisalotofreallyinterestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,thenbeingoutdoorswillbeahabitforlife."Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:

"Wejustsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile."

Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchastheyneedit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.

24.Whatistheproblemwiththeauthor'schildren?

A.Theyoftenannoytheneighbours.B.Theyaretiredofdoingtheirhomework.

C.TheyhavenofriendstoplaywithD.Theystayinfrontofscreensfortoolong.

25.HowdidDavidBondadvocatehisidea?

A.Bymakingadocumentaryfilm.B.Byorganizingoutdooractivities.

C.ByadvertisinginLondonmedia.D.Bycreatinganetworkoffriends.

26.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"charts"inparagraph2

A.recordsB.predictsC.delaysD.confirms

27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.LetChildrenHaveFunB.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTire

C.MarketNaturetoChildrenD.DavidBond:

ARoleModelforChildren

【试题解析】

24.D细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen—anyscreen—andstareatitforhours.”可知作者认为孩子的问题