词汇学答案.docx

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词汇学答案

2009年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试

英语词汇学试题

课程代码：

00832

Ⅰ.Eachofthestatementsbelowisfollowedbyfouralternativeanswers.Choosetheonethat

bestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterinthebracket.（30%）

1.Accordingtosemanticists,awordisaunitof.（A）1.1-6

A.meaningB.sound

C.combinationofsoundsD.group

2.Thepronunciationhaschangedspellingovertheyears.（C）1.3-8

A.moreslowlythanB.asquicklyas

C.morerapidlythanD.notsoquicklyas

3.Wordsmayfallintothebasicwordstockandnonbasicvocabularyby.（A）1.5-11

A.usefrequencyB.notion

C.originD.sound

4.RapidgrowthofscienceandtechnologybreedssuchnewwordsasthefollowingEXCEPT.

（B）.2.3-30

A.greenrevolutionB.fastfood

C.moonwalkD.spaceshuttle

5.Semanticchangemeansanoldformwhichtakesonanewtomeetthenewneed.

（B）.2.4-31

A.formB.meaning

C.lookD.pronunciation

6.RevivingarchaicwordsalsocontributetothegrowthofEnglishvocabulary.Forinstance,

inAmericanEnglish“fall”meansinBritishEnglish.（D）.2.4-32

A.fourB.fell

C.forD.autumn

7.Thepluralmorpheme“-s”isrealizedby/s/afterthefollowingsoundsEXCEPT

（B）3.2-38

A./t/B./g/

C./p/D./k/

8.Therearefreemorphemicwordsinthefollowing:

bird,man,red,collection.（C）

3.3.1-39

A.oneB.two

C.threeD.four

9.ThefollowingwordshavederivationalaffixesEXCEPT.（A）3.3.2-41

A.worksB.prewar

C.postwarD.bloody

10.30%to40%ofthetotalnumberofnewwordsinEnglishareproducedthrough.

（B）4-45

A.compoundingB.affixation

C.conversionD.shortening

11.Theword“motel”iscreatedby.（C）4.4-63

A.compoundingB.clipping

C.blendingD.suffixation

12.“BBC”isformedinthewayof.（A）4.6-66

A.acronymyB.clipping

C.back-formationD.prefixation

13.ThetypesofmeaningsincludethefollowingEXCEPT.（D）.5.3-87

A.grammaticalmeaningB.conceptualmeaning

C.associativemeaningD.literalmeaning

14.Bymotivation,wemeanthatthemeaningofawordisrelatedtoitsorigin.

（D）.5.2.4-85

A.onomatopoeicB.morphological

C.semanticD.etymological

15.istheresultofhumancognition,reflectingtheobjectiveworldinthehumanmind.

（B）.5.1.2-82

A.ReferenceB.Concept

C.SenseD.Motivation

16.Semanticfield,accordingtothecoursebook,isalsoconsideredanintegralpartof.

D）.6.6-119

C.meaningchangeD.senserelations

17.Whenawordisfirstcoined,itisalways.（C）6.1-95

A.semanticB.onomatopoeic

C.monosemicD.polysemic

18.Thefollowingareallsynonymouspairs,butineachthesecondisstandardinusagewhereas

thefirstisarchaic,EXCEPT.（B）6.3.4-109

A.ire/angerB.rich/wealthy

C.forlorn/distressedD.bliss/happiness

19.Shakespeareisdifficulttounderstandthancontemporarywritingsbecausemanyofhiswordswereusedindifferentfromwhattheyhavenowindictionaries.（A）7-134

A.sensesB.forms

C.dialectsD.terms

20.Themodeofiswellreflectedintheword“picture”,whichoriginallydenotedmere

“painting”,butnowhascometoinclude“drawings”andeven“photographs”（A）7.1.1-135

A.extensionB.elevation

C.narrowingD.degradation

21.Inthesentence“Theoldman,thoughpoor,isarespectablegentleman.”,theword

“respectable”isusedinthesenseoftransfer.（B）7.1.4-140

A.subjectiveB.objective

C.sensationalD.physical

22.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneoftherolesofcontext?

（D.8.2-155

A.Eliminationofambiguity.

B.Indicationofreferents.

C.Provisionofcluesforinferringword-meaning.

D.Provisionofculturebackgroundforinferringword-meaning.

23.Thesentence“IlostBetty'spicture.”isambiguousdueto.（B）.8.2.1-155

A.grammaticalcontextB.polysemy

C.antonymyD.hyponymy

24.Inthesentence“Aneastornorth-eastwindbringscolddryweathertoEngland,butasou'Westerusuallybringsrain.”,themeaningof“sou'wester”canbeinferredfromtheclueof.（C）.8.2.3-158

25.

C.antonymyD.hyponymy

25.Theidiom“tossandturn”isa（n）concerned.

asfarasrhetoricalfeaturesofidiomsare

（A）9.3.2-173

A.alliterationB.metaphor

C.metonymyD.rhyme

26.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthetypesofidioms?

B.

A.Sentenceidioms.

Idiomsadverbialinnature.

C.Clausalidioms.D.Idiomsnominalinnature.

27.Thefollowingareallvariationsofidioms,EXCEPT

C）9.9-165

D）9.3.3-176

A.replacementB.addition

C.shorteningD.repetition

28.Generallyspeaking,adictionarywillcoverthefollowingcontentEXCEPT

10-184

B）

A.spellingB.syntacticalusage

C.pronunciationD.definition

29.AsageneralChinese-Englishdictionary,isthemostcompleteandup-to-date,most

elaboratelytreatedone（A）10.3.3-202

A.AChinese-EnglishDictionary（1995）

B.OxfordAdvancedLearner'sDictionaryofCurrentEnglishwithChineseTranslation

C.ANewEnglish-ChineseDictionary

D.LongmanDictionaryofContemporaryEnglishwithChineseTranslation

30.CollinsCOBUILDEnglishUsage（1992）,isa（n）dictionary.（C）10.1.4-188

A.unabridgedB.desk

C.specializedD.encyclopedic

Ⅱ.MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththewordsinColumnBaccordingto1）typesoftransfer;

2）rhetoricalfeaturesofidioms;3）typesofvocabularybynotion;and4）thefunctionofaffixes.（10%）

AB

（C.transferofsensations）31.Sheburstintopassionatesobbing.A.

juxtaposition9.3.2-174

（H.inflectionalaffix）34.theman'scoatD.abstracttoconcrete7.1.4-144

（A.juxtaposition）35.hereandthereE.derivationalaffix3.3.2-41

（B.notionalword）36.moonF.alliteration9.3.2-173

（F.alliteration）37.roughandreadyG.functionalword1.5.2-16

（E.derivationalaffix）38.ex-prisonerH.inflectionalaffix3.3.2-41

（J.rhyme）39.fairandsquareI.associatedtransfer7.2.1-140

（D.abstracttoconcrete）40.Helenlooksafrightinthatoldblackdress.J.

rhyme9.3.2-173

Ⅲ.Completethefollowingstatementswithproperwordsorexpressionsaccordingtothe

meaningful_

1.1-6

creation,semantic

coursebook.（10%）

41.Whenwetalkaboutawordinvisualterms,awordcanbedefinedasagroupoflettersprintedorwrittenhorizontallyacrossapieceofpaper.

42.ModernEnglishvocabularydevelopsthroughthreechannels:

_changeandborrowing.2.4-31

43.

roots.3.3.1-39

Wemightsaythatfreemorphemesarefree_

44.Theformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingaffixestostemsiscalled

affixation.4.1-46

45.Semantic___motivationreferstothementalassociationssuggestedbytheconceptual

meaningofaword.5.2.3-85

46.Perfecthomonymsandpolysemantsarefully_identicalwithregardtospellingand

pronunciation.6.2.3-102

47.Vocabularyisthemost_unstableelementofalanguageasitisundergoingconstant

changesbothinformandcontent.7-134

48.Ambiguityoftenarisesdueto_polysemyandhomonymy.8.2.1-155

49.Idiomsconsistofset_phrasesandshortsentences.9-162

50.Monolingualdictionariesarewrittenin__onelanguage.10.1.1-184

Ⅳ.Definethefollowingterms.（10%）

51.Morpheme3.1-38

答案：

Themorphemeis‘thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwords'.

52.Homonym6.2-100

答案：

Homonymsaregenerallydefinedaswordsdifferentinmeaningbuteitheridenticalbothinsound

andspellingoridenticalonlyinsoundorspelling.

53.connotation5.3.2-87

答案：

connotativemeaningreferstotheovertonesorassociationssuggestedbytheconceptualmeaning,traditionallyknownasconnotations.

54.Elevation7.1.3-138

答案：

Elevationorameliorationreferstotheprocessbywhichwordsrisefromhumblebeginnings

topositionsofimportance.

55.Idiom9-162

答案：

Idiomareexpressionsthatarenotreadilyunderstandablefromtheirliteralmeaningsofindividualelements.

Ⅴ.Answerthefollowingquestions.Youranswersshouldbeclearandshort.Writeyour

answersinthespacegivenbelow.（20%）

56.Asfarasgrowthofpresent-dayEnglishvocabularyisconcerned,whatarethethreemain

sourcesofnewwords?

2.3-30

答案：

Generally,therearethreemainsourcesofnewwords：

therapiddevelopmentofmodern

scienceandtechnology;social,economicandpoliticalchanges;theinfluenceofotherculturesand

languages.

57.Whatarethesemanticfeaturesofcompounds?

Giveanexampletoillustrateyourpoint.

4.2.1-52

答案：

Everycompoundshouldexpressasingleideajustasoneword.Forinstance,“agreenhand

the

isan‘inexperiencedperson',notahandthatisgreenincolour.

58.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementistrueorfalse,basedonyourunderstandingof

6.4-112

characteristicsofantonyms.Stateyourreasonwithoneexample.

Contrarytermsarenon-gradableandallowintermediatemembersinbetween.答案：

False.Contrarytermsaregradableanttonyms,differingindegreeofintensity.Antonymsof

Contrarytermsarebestviewedintermsofascalerunningbetweentwopolesorextremes.Antonymssuchasrich/poor，old/young,big/smallrepresenttwopointsatbothendsofthepole.The

twooppositesaregradableandoneexistsincomparisonwiththeother.Wecansay:

Amanisrichorveryrich；onemanisricherthantheother.Sue'shouseisbigandMary'shouseissmall;Sue'shouseisbiggerthanMary's.Thisshowssemanticrelativity.Sue'shouseisrelatively

big,comparedwithMary'shouse,Mary'shousemayberelativelybignowthanbefore,considering

8.2.2-156-157

thefactthattherearefewerpeoplelivingwithher-Thisisobviouslysubjectiveanddependsonthespeaker'sattitude.

59.Howdoyouaccountforthecontextfunctionasindicationofreferents?

答案：

Englishhasalargenumberofwordssuchasnow/then,here/there,I/you,this/that,which

areoftenusedtoreferdirectlytopeople,time,place