宾语从句.docx
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宾语从句
宾语从句
宾语：
在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：
Iknowtheman.
也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，这个句子叫宾语从句如：
Iknowthatthemanisapoliceman.
中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：
▪1.宾语从句的引导词选择；
▪2.宾语从句的语序；
▪3.宾语从句的时态。
一.宾语从句的引导词
1.当从句是陈述句时，用that引导宾语从句。
that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如：
▪Hesaid（that）hewantedtostayathome.
▪Shedoesn’tknow（that）sheisseriouslyill.
▪Iamsure（that）hewillsucceed.
2.当从句是特殊疑问句时由特殊疑问词who,whom,whose,what,which，when,where,why,how引导宾语从句，不能省略。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如：
▪Doyouknowwho（whom）theyarewaitingfor?
▪Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.
▪CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?
▪Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.
3.当从句是一般疑问句时，由if或whether引导宾语从句，不能省略。
If和whether的意思是“是否”。
例如：
▪Iwanttoknowif（whether）helivesthere.
▪Heaskedmewhether（if）Icouldhelphim.
注意：
以下情况只用whether，不用if。
1.whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或ornot直接连用。
如：
正：
Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.
误：
Letmeknowifyoucancomeornot.
2whether可以引导带to的不定式。
如：
正：
Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.
误：
Idon’tknowiftoacceptorrefuse.
3.whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后，作介词的宾语。
如：
正：
IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.
误：
IworryaboutifIhurtherfeelings.
二.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如：
▪CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?
正
▪CanyoutellmehowcanIgettozoo?
误
▪Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.正
▪Pleasetellmewhenwillwehavethemeeting.误
注意：
有些疑问句本身就是陈述语序
1.Whowentthereyesterday?
Marywantedtoknow.
→Marywantedtoknowwhowentthereyesterday.
2.What’sthematterwiththeclock?
Hewondered.
→Hewonderedwhatwasthematterwiththeclock.
三.宾语从句的时态
1.如果主句的时态是现在的时态，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
如：
▪Idon’tthink（that）youareright.
▪Pleasetelluswherewewillmeet.
▪Canyoutellmehowyoucamehere?
▪Iwonderifyouhavelockedthegarage.
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。
例如：
▪Heaskedwhattimeitwas.
▪Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeeting.
▪HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.
▪HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.Ssoon.
3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。
例如：
▪OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.
▪Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.
四、其他问题
A）if和when既能引导状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。
因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下。
如：
▪Ifitrainstomorrow，Iwon’tcome.
（条件状语从句）
▪Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.
（宾语从句）
Idon’tknowwhenIwillgobackhome.（宾语从句）
CanyouhelpmewithEnglishwhenyoucomeback?
（状语从句）
B）.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句可简化为：
“特殊疑问词＋不定式”结构。
如：
CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？
→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation？
将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1）TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.
Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.
2）Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.
Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.
5）Arethechildrenplayinggames?
Tellme.
Tellme______thechildren____________games.
6）Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaChao
Mr.ZhaoaskedMaChao______________________________homeworkyet.
7）Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?
Whoknows?
Whoknows______________
_______________inthepicture?
8）Wheredidsheparkhercar?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknow______________hercar?
9）Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?
Thegirlwondered.
Thegirlwondered__________often________about.
10）Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?
Idon’tknow.
Idon’tknow______________atthedoorsoloudly.
11.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?
Idon'tknow.
Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.
12.What'shisname?
Iaskedhim.
Iaskedhimwhat____________________.
13.Whendoesthetrainarrive?
Pleasetellme.
Pleasetellme__________________________________.
14.Dotheywantfriedchicken?
Heaskedtheboys.
Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.
15.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?
Idon'tknow.
Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.
中考范例
1.MissGreendidn’ttellus_____in2002.
A.wheredoesshelive
B.Whereshelives
C.wheredidshelive
D.whereshelived
2.Wouldyoupleasetellme______?
A.whendidhecomehome
B.wherehewouldplayfootball
C.ifhehadseenthefilm
D.whyhedidn’twatchthegame
3.Idon’tknowwhen____.
A.willthetrainleave
B.thetrainwillleave
C.wouldthetrainleave
D.thetrainleave
4.---Wedon’tknow_____.
---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.
A.whatheis
B.ifheliveshere
C.wherehecomesfrom
D.whichcountryishefrom
5.（2004年青海西宁）
We'renotsureifit___________tomorrow.If
it___________，wewon’tclimbtheSouthHill.
A.willsnow；snows
B.willsnow；willsnow
C.snows；snows
D.snows；willsnow
6.（2005年山东烟台）
Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddowiththeletter.（改为简单句）
Idon’tknowwhat______________withtheletter.
选择题
1.（）Thechildrensaidthey_____themselvesverymuch.
A.if,enjoyB.why,enjoyed
C.what,enjoyD.that,enjoyed
▪2.（）Idon’tthinkIouttheproblem.
A.if,canworkB.how,willwork
C.that,canworkD.when,willwork
▪3.（）Sheisafraidheacoldatnight.
A.that,willcatchB.that,catchesC.whether,willcatchD.if,catches
▪4.（）WearesurehetospeakFrenchwell.
A.that,learnedB.that,haslearned
C.if,learnedD.if,haslearned
▪5.（）TheboyaskedIanynoisefromoutside.
A.when,heardB.why,hadheardC.whether,hadheardD.what,heard
▪6.（）Whocantellusaboutoverthere?
A.whattheytalkB.whatdotheytalkC.whataretheytalkingD.whattheyaretalking
▪7.（）Wecouldn’tfindout,soweaskedapoliceman.
A.whosebikeitwasB.whosebikewasitC.whoseitwasbikeD.whosewasitbike
▪8.（）Doyouknowtaketogettothehospital?
A.whichwaymustwe
B.whichmustwewayC.whichwaywemust
D.whichwemustway
▪9.（）Tomaskedtoschoollate.
A.whodidoftencome
B.whooftendidcome
C.whooftencome
D.whooftencame
10.（）Idon’tremembertheboybyhimself.
A.whydidsheleave
B.whysheleft
C.whyhadsheleft
D.whyshehadleft
▪11.（）Haveyouforgottenwhenhedied?
A.howoldhewasB.howoldwashe
C.whatdidhesayD.whathedidsay
▪12.（）Nobodyknowstovisitourschool.
A.whenwillhecome
B.whendoeshecome
C.whenhewillcome
D.whenhedoescome
▪13.（）Pleasetellustothesciencemuseum.
A.howcanwereachB.howwecanreachC.howcanwegetD.howwecanget
▪14.（）Don’tyoubelievetothemoonbyspaceship?
A.thatmandidfly
B.howdidmanfly
C.ifmanfly
D.whethermanfly
▪15.（）Idon’tknow.
A.whatisthematterwithhim
B.whatthematteriswithhim
C.whatwithhimthematteris
D.whatthematterwithhimis
▪16.（）Hedoesn’ttellmeifhe.Ifhe.I’lltelephoneyou.
A.willcome,comesB.willcome,willcomeC.comes,willcomeD.comes,comes
▪Ⅱ.选择括号内正确的关联词语填空。
▪1.Iwonderheaskedsuchasillyquestioninpublic.A.howB.why
▪2.doyouthinkwillteachusmathnextterm?
A.WhoB.Whom
▪3.Areyousure?
A.thatsheishonestB.whatsheishonest
▪4.Heoftenthinksofhecandoforalltheothers.
A.whatB.which
▪1）.Howdoeshegetonwithhisnewclassmates?
Couldyoutellme?
（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）
Couldyoutellmehow___________onwithhisnewclassmates?
▪2）.Whatishedoingthere?
Motherdidn‘tknow.（改为含有宾语从句的复合句
Motherdidn'tknowwhat_____________doingthere.
▪4）Whydidn'thelookhappy?
Couldyoutellme?
（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）
Couldyoutellmewhy_____________lookhappy?
▪5）Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?
Idon'tknow（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）
Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.
▪6）Whosechildrenistheoldwomanlookingafter?
Didyoufindout?
（改为含有宾语从句的复合句）
Didyoufindoutwhosechildrentheoldwoman___________after?
▪7）Themoonmovesroundtheearth.Mysistertoldme.（同上）
Mysistertoldme______themoon_______roundtheearth.
▪8）."Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew。
"Tom'smotheraskedhim.（同义句转换）
Tom'smotheraskedhim________________________totrysomethingnew
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