英语单项知识的讲解与练习110.docx
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英语单项知识的讲解与练习110
英语单项知识的讲解与练习(110)
546.defeat的用法
defeatvt.击败;打败;使(计划、希望)落空
例句:
①This defeat wasapowerfulblowtotheenemy.这次失败是对敌人的有力的打击。
②Thenewsofarmy's defeat castagloomoverthetown.军队败北的消息给小城蒙上了一层忧郁。
③Theyarestillwailingovertheir defeat.他们仍在为比赛失利而悲叹。
④Itwasasoundstrategyto defeat theenemy.那是战胜敌人的良策。
短语:
defeatby 以…战胜;defeatbythreegoalstoone 以三比一的比分战胜;defeatinamatch 在比赛中战胜;defeatinbadminton 在羽毛球赛中打输了;defeatinone'sdesign 计划落空;defeatinone'spurpose 未达到目的;defeatinone'sscheme 阴谋破产;defeatsbofaninheritance 剥夺某人的继承权;defeatsbofultimate 由于坏脾气使某人不能取得胜利;defeatthroughhavingnoreinforcements 由于无援;defeatatsb'shands 败于某人手下;defeatinbattle 战斗失败;defeatingame 比赛失败;defeatsbatfootball 在足球比赛中击败某人;
用法:
①defeat是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语,可用于被动结构。
②defeat用作名词的基本意思是表示“战胜”的行为。
从胜方角度看可表示“战胜”;从败方角度看可表示“战败”。
具体译法根据上下文特别是谓语动词而定。
③defeat表示“失败”时,是不可数名词;表示“失败的事例”时,是可数名词。
比较:
defeat指“赢得胜利”,尤其指军事上的胜利,如:
defeattheenemy(打败敌人)。
conquer指“征服;战胜”,尤其指获得对人、物或感情的控制,如:
conquernature(征服自然)。
overcome指“战胜;压倒;克服”,尤其指“感情”,如:
overcomedifficulties(克服困难)。
defeat,beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。
如:
beatthecompetitor/thecountry/theteam...打败对手/国家/团队……
win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词。
如:
winarace/abattle/awar/ascholarship/aprize/amedal/success/friendship/reward...赢得比赛/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏……
练习:
(1).完成句子:
①Bynotworkinghardenoughyou_________yourownpurpose.
②Somecountriesmaybe__________butcanneverbe.
③Whois___________thedrum?
④He____________thefirstprizeinthewritingcontest.
(2).单项填空:
①Theofficersledtheirmento_______inbattle,soallthevillagerscameouttoawardthemwithfoodanddrinkonbothsidesoftheroad.
A.victoryB.atriumphC.failureD.defeat
②Hecouldnot_____hisdislikeforthatman.
A.overcomeB.defeatC.overthrowD.overtake
③Ourfootballteam_____theirs_____twoscores.
A.defeated;byB.hit;byC.defeated;withD.stroke;with
④Wewon’thave_____withoutyourhelp.
A.gainedB.beatenC.wonD.defeated
547.defence的用法
defencen.保卫,防御;防卫设备;(被告的)答辩;辩护
例句:
①Theyplannedthe defence ofthetown.他们订出了该城的防御计划。
②Theytookuparmsin defence oftheircountry.他们拿起武器保卫祖国。
③The defence arguesthattheevidenceisweak.辩护律师提出理由认为证据不充分。
④The defence mustbefiledandservedinsevendays.答辩必须在7日内呈交和送达。
Shespokeupin defence ofherbeliefs.她大胆地为自己的信仰辩护。
短语:
indefenceof保卫……;为……辩护;speakindefenceofone'sopinions 为其观点做辩护;indefenceofthecapital 保卫首都;indefenceofthecountry 保卫国家;speakindefenceofthegovernment 为政府辩护;defenceagainst 为对付…而设的防御;defenceagainstanattack 防御进攻;defenceagainstthecold 防寒;
用法:
①defence后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者”时用介词against;若后接“被保护者”时用介词of。
②defence作“防务,防御工事”解时多用复数。
练习:
(1).完成句子:
①那位警察看守犯人。
Thepoliceman_________theprisoners.
②当那只狗攻击我时,我拾起一根木棍自卫。
Whenthedogattackedme,Ipickedupastickand__________myself.
③他戴着墨镜以防他的眼睛被强烈的太阳光晒伤。
Hewearssunglassesto________hiseyesfromthestrongsunlight.
(2).单项填空:
①Inthebattlewefoughttothedeathindefenceofourpositionsandpaidaheavy_____forlastvictory.
A.costB.priceC.valueD.pay
②Hearingwhathesaidrecordedbytherecorder,Ifoundnothingtosay_____hisaction.
A.inhonourofB.inneedofC.incaseofD.indefenceof
③Humourisamoreeffective defence _____violence.
A.toB.andC.thanD.or
④Akindofglassdishthat_____heatisuseful.
A.resistsB.rejectsC.defendsD.keeps
548.export的用法
export输出、出口;
例句:
①Prohibitionwaslaidonthe export ofcoal.禁止煤炭输出。
②Thecompany'sgearingupforthebig export drive.公司正为大规模输出作好准备。
③Thebloodcanalso export wasteproductsfromthetissues.血液还能从身体组织里输出废物。
④Africais exporting beeftoEurope.非洲向欧洲出口牛肉。
短语:
goodsforexport 出口商品;excessofexports 出超;exportfrom 从…来的输出品;exportsfromtheport 该港的出口货物;exportsinsmallquantities 小宗出口商品;exportofgold 黄金出口;exportto 输往…的出口货;exportfrom 从…输出;exportto 向…输出;
用法:
export作vt,宾语后接to,表示“向……出口……”,如:
TheUSexportscottontoBritain.export作vi后接to,表示“向……出口”。
如:
Americaexportstomanylands.
练习:
①Thewater_______fromthetapanddamagedallthebooksinmystudy.
A.sprayedB.puzzledC.inclinedD.exported
②Travelingisagoodwayto _____differentculturesandbroadenthemind.
A.expandB.exploreC.exposeD.export
③Withfurtherimprovementintheworld’seconomy,largequantitiesofthecompany’sproducts _____overseasinthepastfewmonths.
A.haveexportedB.isbeingexported
C.hasbeenexportedD.havebeenexported
④Thesegoodsare________forexport,thoughafewofthemmaybesoldonthehomemarket.
A.essentiallyB.completelyC.necessarilyD.remarkably
549.expose的用法
expose(vt)揭露、揭发、使暴露;
例句:
①Thereporterwaskilledbecausehetriedto expose aplot.这名记者因为试图揭露一个阴谋而被杀害。
②Ihatethepaparazzi.Theyalways expose thepeople'sprivacy.我讨厌狗仔队,他们老曝光别人的隐私。
③Weshouldnot expose ourchildrentohorrors.我们不应该让孩子看恐怖片。
④Keepindoorsanddon't expose yourskintothesun.待在室内,不要把皮肤暴露在阳光下。
Youshouldn't expose thesoldierstounnecessaryrisks.你不应该让士兵们冒不必要的危险。
短语:
exposeas 揭露…是;exposefor 陈列出来;exposeoneselfinpublic 抛头露面;exposeto 使暴露于,使遭受;exposesbtodanger 使某人可能遇到危险;exposetotheelements 受风吹雨打;exposetothepublic 向公众露面;exposeoneselftoridicule 贻笑大方;exposetothesun 日晒;exposeoneselftowindsandrains 栉风沐雨;
用法:
①expose是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语,可用于被动结构。
②expose的宾语后常可接介词to表示“将…暴露于…”;如:
Thechildwasexposedtothesun’sraystoolong.动词宾语为oneself时,则意为“将自己暴露于…”“使自己受某人的影响”。
练习:
①Hehopesto____hispaintingsbeforethepublicinNewYorkverysoon.
A.exhibitB.exposeC.expressD.experience
②Ifyou_____brightsunlight_____drywoodwithaglass,itwillstartburning.
A.expose…toB.concentrate…onC.aim…atD.focus…on
③Theyaretryingto____thewastedischargedbythefactoryforprofit.
A.exposeB.exhibitC.exhaustD.exploit
④Isitadvisableto________ourbodytothesunlight.
A.revealB.displayC.exposeD.show
ManyEuropeans________thecontinentofAfricainthe19thcentury.
A.explodedB.exploredC.exposedD.expanded
550.extreme的用法
extremeadj.尽头的,极端的,极度的,偏激的,最后的;n.极端,极端的事物;
例句:
①Extreme coldcanwakeahibernatinganimal.极度的寒冷能使正在冬眠的动物苏醒。
②The extreme heatsappedhisstrengthandhealth.极度的暑热逐渐损耗他的体力兴健康。
③Loveandhateare extremes.爱和恨是两个极端。
④Starvationisatone extreme ofthespectrumoffoodintake;obesityisattheother.饥饿是食物摄入量的一个极端,肥胖则是另一个极端。
短语:
go/runtoextremes/anextreme走极端、过度;inextremecases在极个别情况下;intheextreme极端地、非常地;takeextrememeasures采取激烈措施;atanextreme 在某一极端;difficultintheextreme 极其艰苦;carrysthtoextremes 把…引向极端;extremeofdistress 极度痛苦;extremeoffeelings 感情的极端;extremeoffortune 盛衰荣枯;
用法:
①extreme一般不修饰improvement,development等表示动作的名词,而修饰表示状态的名词。
②extreme用作名词时意为“极端”,是可数名词,常用复数形式。
既可指感情、状况等的极端,也可指人能忍受某环境达到的最大限度。
如:
Itwasaclimateofextremes,intenseheatandbitingcold.总是极端,要么酷热,要么刺骨寒冷;
练习:
①We’vedoneour______tomaketheprocessassimpleaspossible.
A.terminalB.utmostC.extremeD.supreme
②Itisatypeofdesertbushthatcan____extremesoftemperature.
A.adaptB.withdrawC.withstandD.shade
③Thatisour____proposal,andnootherchangeswillbeconsidered.
A.thoroughB.completeC.ultimateD.extreme
④Mycasesweretooheavy,andtheairlinechargedme$40for____baggage.
A.extensiveB.exclusiveC.extremeD.excess
Mycasesweretooheavy,andtheairlinechargedme$40for____baggage.
A.extensiveB.exclusiveC.extremeD.excess
Keys:
546.
(1).①defeated②defeated;conquered③beating④won
(2).AAAA
547.
(1).①guarded②defended③protect
(2).ADCA
548.ABDA
549.ADDCD
550.BCCDC