高考英语二轮复习专题06 阅读理解Ⅳ词义猜测题测.docx

高考英语二轮复习专题06 阅读理解Ⅳ词义猜测题测.docx

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高考英语二轮复习专题06阅读理解Ⅳ词义猜测题测

专题6阅读理解IV：

词义猜测

1.D【四省名校2019-2020学年高三第一次大联考】

Ifyouwearglasses,chancesareyouaresmarter.ResearchpublishedinthefamousBritishjournalNatureCommunicationshasfoundthatpeoplewhodisplayedhigherlevelsofintelligencewerealmost30percentmorelikelytowearglasses.

Thescientistsstudiedthegenesofthousandsofpeoplebetweentheagesof16and102.Thestudyshowedintelligencecanbeconnectedtophysicalcharacteristics.Onecharacteristicwaseyesight.Inoutof10peoplewhoweremoreintelligent,therewasahigherchancetheyneededglasses.Scientistsalsosaidbeingsmarterhasotherbenefits.Itisconnectedtobetterhealth.

Itisimportanttoremembertheseareconnectionswhicharenotprovencauses.Scientistscallthiscorrelation.Justbecausesomethingisconnectedtosomethingelsedoesnotmeanoneofthosethingscausedtheother.Andit’sworthnotingthatwhatconstitutesintelligenceissubjectiveandcanbedifficult,ifnotimpossible,tomeasure.

Forgetgenesthough.Plentyofproofshowswearingglassesmakespeoplethinkyouaremoreintelligent,evenifyoudonotneedglasses.Anumberofstudieshavefoundpeoplewhowearglassesareseenassmarter,hard-workingandhonest.Manylawyersusethisideatohelpwintheircases.LawyerHarveySolvesexplainedthis.Glassessoftentheirappearance.HesaidSometimestherehasbeenahugeamountofproofshowingthatpeoplehewasdefendingbrokethelaw.Hehadthemwearglassesandtheyweren’tfoundguilty.

GlassesarealsousedtoshowsomeoneisintelligentinmoviesandonTV.Ideasaboutpeoplewhowearglasseshavebeguntoshift.Peoplewhodonotneedglassessometimeswearthemforfashiononly.Theywanttolookworldlyorcool.Butnoteveryoneisimpressedbythisidea,though.GQmagazinesaidpeoplewhowearglassesforfashionaretryingtoohardtolooksmartandhip（时髦的）.However,thathasn’tstoppedmanycelebritiesfromhappilywearingglasseseveniftheydonotneedthem.JustinBieberisjustonehigh-profilefanoffashionglasses.

12.Whatdoesthenewstudyshow?

A.Peoplewearingglassesaresmarter.

B.Peoplewearingglassesarehealthier.

C.Wearingglassescanmakepeoplecleverer.

D.WearingglassesisassociatedwithhigherIQ.

13.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph3mean?

A.Shift.B.Link.C.Proof.D.Consequence.

14.Whydosomelawyersasktheirclientstowearglassesincourt?

A.Becauseitcancreateamoralimage.

B.Becauseitcanmisleadthewitnesses.

C.Becauseitcanhighlightclients’qualities.

D.Becauseitcanprovetheclients’innocence.

15.Whatisthegeneralattitudetothosewhowearglassesforfashion?

A.Positive.B.Negative.C.MixedD.Indifferent.

【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现戴眼镜和高智商有关，文章还指出有些人只是为了追求时尚而戴眼镜。

12.细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Thestudyshowedintelligencecanbeconnectedtophysicalcharacteristics.Onecharacteristicwaseyesight.Inoutof10peoplewhoweremoreintelligent,therewasahigherchancetheyneededglasses.”可知，研究表明，智力与身体特征有关，其中一个特征就是视力，在10个更聪明的人中，他们需要眼镜的几率更高，也就是说戴眼镜与高智商有关，故D项正确。

13.词义猜测题。

根据画线词后的“Justbecausesomethingisconnectedtosomethingelsedoesnotmeanoneofthosethingscausedtheother.”可知，仅仅因为某物与其他事物相联系并不意味着其中一个事物导致了另一个事物，这是对画线词的解释说明，因此此处是说重要的是要记住这些都是没有被证实的原因的联系，科学家称之为相关性，由此可知画线词词义为“相关联、联系”，故B项正确。

14.细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“Anumberofstudieshavefoundpeoplewhowearglassesareseenassmarter,hard-workingandhonest.Manylawyersusethisideatohelpwintheircases.LawyerHarveySolvesexplainedthis.Glassessoftentheirappearance.”可知，许多研究发现，戴眼镜的人被视为更聪明、更勤奋、更诚实，眼镜使他们看起来更温和，许多律师利用这个想法来帮助他们赢得官司，由此可知，一些律师让他们的当事人在法庭上戴眼镜是因为戴上眼镜有助于塑造一个道德的形象，故A项正确。

15.推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“Peoplewhodonotneedglassessometimeswearthemforfashiononly.Theywanttolookworldlyorcool.Butnoteveryoneisimpressedbythisidea,though.”可知，不需要眼镜的人有时戴眼镜只是为了时尚，他们想显得酷一些，但并不是每个人都对这个想法印象深刻，由此可知，对于那些追求时尚而戴眼镜的人来说，人们的态度是既有人支持也有人反对，故C项正确。

2.C【河南省中原名校2019-2020学年高三上学期第二次质量考评】

Plasticsremainoneofthemost-usedmaterialsformakingmanythings.Thingsmadeofplasticscanbeverystrongandlastalongtime.Plasticsarealsomuchlighterthanmetalandcaneasilybeformedintodifferentshapes.Plasticscantakehundredsofyearstobreakdownontheirown.Andveryfewkindsarehighlyrecyclable.

AteamofresearchersworkingattheUSDepartmentofEnergysaysithascreatedakindofplasticthatcouldleadtoproductsthatare100percentrecyclable.ItrecentlyreportedthediscoveryinastudyinthejournalNatureChemistry.

Theresearcherssaythenewmaterialisaplasticpolymer（聚合体）calledpolydiketoenamine,orPDK.Theteamreportsthematerialcanbebrokendowninpartsatthemolecular（分子的）level.Itcanthenbebuiltupagaintoformplasticsofdifferentshapes,texturesandcolors.Theresearcherssaythisprocesscanberepeatedoverandoveragain—withouttheplasticmateriallosinganyperformanceorquality.

"Mostplasticswerenevermadetoberecycled,”leadresearcherPeterChristensensaidinastatement."Butwehavediscoveredanewwaytoassembleplasticsthattakesrecyclingintoconsiderationfromamolecularperspective.”

Manyplasticshavedifferentchemicalsaddedtothemtomakethemmoreusefulandpowerful.Theproblemisthatthesechemicalsattachtothemonomers（单体）,whichremaininplasticsevenafterthematerialgetsprocessedatarecyclingplant.Theresearchteamreportedthat,withthenewlydiscoveredPDKmaterial,themonomerscouldberecoveredandseparatedfromanychemicaladditives.

Next,theresearchersplantodevelopPDKplastics"withawiderangeofthermalandmechanicalproperties.Theseplasticscouldbeusedformanykindsofcloth,aswellasthingssuchas3Dprintedmaterialsandfoams.Inaddition,theteamistryingtoincludeplant-basedmaterialsintheprocess.

28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Plasticsareneverhighlyrecyclable.

B.Plasticsarewidelyusedinourlives.

C.Plasticshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.

D.Plasticstakehundredsofyearstobebrokendown.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph3referto?

A.Thenewmaterial.B.Theresearchteam.

C.Themolecularlevel.D.Theproducingprocess.

30.Whydomanyplasticshavedifferentchemicalsaddedtothem?

A.Tomakethemeasytobreakdown.

B.Tomakethemeasytogetprocessed.

C.Tomakeitpossibleforthemtoberecycled.

D.Tomakethemstrongerandmorewidelyused.

31.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.PDKplasticswillbesoonputtogooduse.

B.PDKplasticsmayhaveapromisingprospect.

C.TheresearchersarebusydevelopingPDKplastics.

D.Plant-basedmaterialshavebeenusedinthenewplastics.

【答案】28.C29.A30.D31.B

【解析】这是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了一个研究团队正在研究一种新型的塑料，这种塑料更容易降解，更耐用且可以循环利用。

28.主旨大意题。

根据文章第一段的Thingsmadeofplasticscanbeverystrongandlastalongtime.…Andveryfewkindsarehighlyrecyclable.可知，塑料结实耐用，更易成型；需要上百年才能降解，且几乎不能循环利用；所以本段既讲了塑料的优点也讲了缺点。

C.Plasticshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.（塑料既有优势也有劣势）可以总结本段。

故选C项。

29.词义猜测题。

根据前句Theteamreportsthematerialcanbebrokendowninpartsatthemolecular（分子的）level.（研究队说这种材料能被降解成分子大小的微粒）和画线词后面的canthenbebuiltupagaintoformplasticsofdifferentshapes,texturesandcolors.（然后再次组合形成不同形状，颜色和质地的塑料）可知，it代指的是前文提到的新材料，尤其从canbe和canthenbe这两个并列句可以推出前后讲的是同物。

故选A项。

30.细节理解题。

根据文章倒数第二段的Manyplasticshavedifferentchemicalsaddedtothemtomakethemmoreusefulandpowerful.可知，加入其它化学物质的目的是让塑料更有用，更耐用。

D.Tomakethemstrongerandmorewidelyused.（让它们更坚固，使用面更广）符合以上说法。

故选D项。

31.推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段的Theseplasticscouldbeusedformanykindsofcloth,aswellasthingssuchas3Dprintedmaterialsandfoams.可知，这种新型塑料在将来可以被用在很多领域，例如布料，3D打印和泡沫。

B.PDKplasticsmayhaveapromisingprospect.（PDK塑料可能有一个光明的前景）符合以上说法。

故选B项。

3.B【河南省八市重点中学2019-2020学年高三9月月考】

Asmuchasseventyyearsago,inthecityofBoston,therelivedasmallgirlwhohadthenaughtyhabitofrunningaway.

Herparents,Mr.andMrs.Alcott,fromfirsttolast,hadhadagoodmanyfrightsaboutthisflyawayLouisa.Oncewhenshewasonlytwoyearsoldtheyweretravelingwithheronasteamboat,andshedartedaway,insomemomentwhennoonewasnoticingher,andcrawledintotheengine-roomtowatchthemachinery.Ofcourseherclotheswereallgreaseanddirt,andshemighthavebeencaughtinthemachineryandhurt.

Exceptforthisonefault,Louisawasagoodchild,soshefeltmuchashamedthatshehadcausedhermother,whomsheloveddearly,somuchworry.Shemadeuphermindthatshewouldneverfrightenhersoagain.No-shewouldcureherselfoftherunning-awayhabit!

Afterthat,whenevershefelttheleastdesiretoslipoutofthehousewithoutaskingpermission,shewouldhurrytoherownlittleroomandshutthedoortight.Tokeephermindfrombadplansshewouldshuthereyesandmakeupstories-thinkthemallout,hers,youknow.Then,whensomeofthemseemedprettygood,shewouldwritethemdownsothatshewouldnotforgetthem.Byandbyshefoundshelikedmakingstoriesbetterthananythingshehadeverdoneinherlife

HermothersometimeswonderedwhyLouisagrewsofondofstayinginherlittlechambertheheadofthestairs,allofasudden,butwaspleasedthattherunawaychildhadchangedintosuchaquiet,like-to-stay-at-homegirl.

ItwasalongtimebeforeLouisadaredtomentionthestoriesandrhymesshehadhiddeninherdeskbutfinallyshetoldhermotheraboutthem,andwhenMrs.Alcotthadreadthem,sheadvisedhertokeeponwriting.LouisadidsoandbecameoneofthebestAmericanstory-tellers.Shewroteanumberofbooks,andifyoubeginwithLulu'sLibrary,youwillwanttoreadLittleMenandLittleWomenandallthebooksthatdearLouisaAlcotteverwrote

4.What